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| Solubility = Immiscible | Solubility = Immiscible
| MeltingPt = &minus;159.9 °C (113.3 K)<ref name="Wei"/> | MeltingPt = &minus;159.9 °C (113.3 K)<ref name="Wei"/>
| BoilingPt = 27.7 °C (300.9 K)<ref name="Wei"> | BoilingPt = 27.7 °C (300.9 K)<ref name="Wei"> James Wei (1999), ''Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points''. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi|10.1021/ie990588m}} </ref>
James Wei (1999), ''Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points''. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi:10.1021/ie990588m}}
</ref>
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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'''Isopentane''', ]], also called '''methylbutane''' or '''2-methylbutane''', is a branched-chain ] with five ] atoms. Isopentane is an extremely ] and extremely ] liquid at room ] and ]. The ] is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with ] to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. '''Isopentane''', ]], also called '''methylbutane''' or '''2-methylbutane''', is a branched-chain ] with five ] atoms. Isopentane is an extremely ] and extremely ] liquid at room ] and ]. The ] is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with ] to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.<ref>Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2}}</ref>

An '''isopentyl''' group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.


==Nomenclature== ==Nomenclature==
Isopentane is the name recommended by the ] (IUPAC) in its ''1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry''.<ref>{{cite book | author=Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) | title=A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993 | location=Oxford | publisher=Blackwell Science | year=1994 | isbn = 0-632-03488-2 | url = http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm}}</ref> It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name. Isopentane is the name recommended by the ] (IUPAC).<ref>{{cite book | author=Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) | title=A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993 | location=Oxford | publisher=Blackwell Science | year=1994 | isbn = 0-632-03488-2 | url = http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm}}</ref>An '''isopentyl''' group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.


==Isomers== ==Isomers==
Isopentane is one of three ] with the ] C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>, the others being ] (''n''-pentane) and dimethyl propane (]). Isopentane is one of three ] with the ] C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>, the others being ] (''n''-pentane) and ] (dimethyl propane).


==Uses== ==Uses==

Revision as of 13:40, 11 February 2012

Isopentane
Isopentane
Isopentane
Names
IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane
Other names Methylbutane
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.039 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • EK4430000
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYAE
SMILES
  • CC(C)CC
Properties
Chemical formula C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 g/mol
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 0.616 g/ml, liquid
Melting point −159.9 °C (113.3 K)
Boiling point 27.7 °C (300.9 K)
Solubility in water Immiscible
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S298) 		260.7 J·K·mol
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH298) 		−179 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH298) 		−3504 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
1 4
Flash point <−51 °C
Explosive limits 1.4–7.6%
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).

Uses

Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh® and Sensodyne®.

References

  1. ^ James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
  2. Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
  3. Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. Aquafresh Website

External links

Alkanes
Category: