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|name = Vrezh |
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|name = Vrezh |
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|logo = |
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|logo = |
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|caption = |
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|caption = |
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|dates = 1989 - 1991 |
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|dates = 1989 - 1991 |
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|leader = Grayil Marukhian |
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|leader = Grayil Marukhian |
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|motives = |
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|motives = |
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|area = Azerbaijan |
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|area = Azerbaijan |
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|ideology = ] |
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|ideology = ] |
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|attacks = ] |
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|attacks = ] |
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|allies = ] |
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|allies = ] |
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|enemies = ], ] |
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|enemies = ], ] |
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|status = |
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|status = |
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The '''Vrezh''' (translated as ''Vengeance'' from Armenian) is an underground ] movement reportedly created by ] leadership in 1989 to fight ] and authorities in ] by bombing civilian targets.<ref name=Charles>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: a quest for identity : a short history |last1=van der Leeuw |first1=Charles |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |publisher= St. Martin's Press|location= United Kingdom |isbn= 0-312-21903-2 |page=160 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sNoP1zphWf8C&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=August+1990+bus+Azerbaijan&source=bl&ots=iLGEFP4bFB&sig=5yPyJTjUXOvLvgQy_3_oOX6WDYY&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2011-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Caucasus, war and peace: the new world disorder in Caucasia |last1=Tütüncü |first1=Mehmet |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |publisher= SOTA |location=Haarlem |isbn= 9-090-11125-5 |page= |pages=221 |url= |accessdate= 2011-10-03}}</ref> |
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The '''Vrezh''' (translated as ''Vengeance'' from Armenian) is an underground ] movement reportedly created by ] leadership in 1989 to fight ] and authorities in ] by bombing civilian targets.<ref name=Charles>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: a quest for identity : a short history |last1=van der Leeuw |first1=Charles |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |publisher= St. Martin's Press|location= United Kingdom |isbn= 0-312-21903-2 |page=160 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sNoP1zphWf8C&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=August+1990+bus+Azerbaijan&source=bl&ots=iLGEFP4bFB&sig=5yPyJTjUXOvLvgQy_3_oOX6WDYY&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2011-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Caucasus, war and peace: the new world disorder in Caucasia |last1=Tütüncü |first1=Mehmet |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |publisher= SOTA |location=Haarlem |isbn= 90-901112-5-5 |page= |pages=221 |url= |accessdate= 2011-10-03}}</ref> |
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==Operations== |
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==Operations== |
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The organization is believed to have operated from the Russian city of ], where it was responsible for the murder of Colonel of Russian Internal Security Forces V. Blakhotin. The organization was allegedly founded by an ultra-nationalist Armenian Grayil Marukhian, expelled from Armenia at the end of 1980's and living in Greece and Syria since. |
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The organization is believed to have operated from the Russian city of ], where it was responsible for the murder of Colonel of Russian Internal Security Forces V. Blakhotin. The organization was allegedly founded by an ultra-nationalist Armenian Grayil Marukhian, expelled from Armenia at the end of 1980's and living in Greece and Syria since. |
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Vrezh's debut act is considered to be the bombing of ]-] bus on September 16, 1989 which resulted in the death of 5 and 27 injured. Two of the alleged perpetrators were arrested while preparing the next terrorist act at the main bus station in Ganja. Both were condemned to 20 and 15 years while the mastermind reportedly escaped. Vrezh is believed to be the party in charge for the ] bus close to Azerbaijani city of ] on August 10, 1990 and the failed attempt to bomb the Baku-] train on March 26, 1990 where the bomb was found and defused. Among other attacks believed to be the work of Vrezh are the April 30 and July 31, 1991 bombings of Moscow-Baku trains which killed and severely injured several dozen passengers.<ref name=Charles/><ref>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: A Political History |last1=Bolukbasi |first1=Suha |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2011 |publisher= I.B.Tauris |location= |isbn= 1-848-85620-2 |page=116 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bCe_pvBZKDMC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=August+1990+bus+Azerbaijan&source=bl&ots=4XwsfB9Lox&sig=HlXkTGweUqUx0Uro6YU9VY6Yxt4&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2011-10-03}}</ref> |
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Vrezh's debut act is considered to be the bombing of ]-] bus on September 16, 1989 which resulted in the death of 5 and 27 injured. Two of the alleged perpetrators were arrested while preparing the next terrorist act at the main bus station in Ganja. Both were condemned to 20 and 15 years while the mastermind reportedly escaped. Vrezh is believed to be the party in charge for the ] bus close to Azerbaijani city of ] on August 10, 1990 and the failed attempt to bomb the Baku-] train on March 26, 1990 where the bomb was found and defused. Among other attacks believed to be the work of Vrezh are the April 30 and July 31, 1991 bombings of Moscow-Baku trains which killed and severely injured several dozen passengers.<ref name=Charles/><ref>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: A Political History |last1=Bolukbasi |first1=Suha |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2011 |publisher= I.B.Tauris |location= |isbn= 1-84885-620-2 |page=116 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bCe_pvBZKDMC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=August+1990+bus+Azerbaijan&source=bl&ots=4XwsfB9Lox&sig=HlXkTGweUqUx0Uro6YU9VY6Yxt4&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2011-10-03}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
