Revision as of 05:02, 28 January 2012 editSitush (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers260,192 edits Undid revision 473634799 by 68.174.108.113 (talk) please read the article that I previously linked← Previous edit | Revision as of 05:04, 28 January 2012 edit undo68.174.108.113 (talk) Undid revision 473634925 by Sitush (talk)Next edit → | ||
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==Career== | ==Career== | ||
On his return to India, Mashriqi was offered the premiership of ], a ], by the Raja. He declined owing to his interest in education. At the age of 25 he was appointed Vice Principal of ], ], by Chief Commissioner ]. He was made Principal of the same college in 1917. In Oct 1917 he was appointed Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Education Department in succession to Sir George Anderson (1876–1943).<ref>Hira Lal Seth, ''The Khaksar Movement Under Search Light And the Life Story of Its Leader Allama Mashriqi'' (Hero Publications, 1946), p 16</ref> He became headmaster of the High School, Peshawar on 21 October 1919. | On his return to India, Mashriqi was offered the premiership of ], a ], by the Raja. He declined owing to his interest in education. At the age of 25 he was appointed Vice Principal of ], ], by Chief Commissioner ]. He was made Principal of the same college in 1917.<ref name="nasim">Nasim Yousaf.''Pakistan's Freedom and Allama Mashriqi: Statements, Letters, Chronology of Khaksar Tehrik (Movement), Period: Mashriqi's Birth to 1947'' ISBN 0-9760333-4-8 (2004), p. 47</ref> In Oct 1917 he was appointed Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Education Department in succession to Sir George Anderson (1876–1943).<ref>Hira Lal Seth, ''The Khaksar Movement Under Search Light And the Life Story of Its Leader Allama Mashriqi'' (Hero Publications, 1946), p 16</ref> He became headmaster of the High School, Peshawar on 21 October 1919. | ||
Aged 32, he was offered an ambassadorship to Afghanistan, which he declined. The following year, he was offered a British ], which he also turned down. Mashriqi was among the youngest Indians to have been offered such positions. | Aged 32, he was offered an ambassadorship to Afghanistan, which he declined. The following year, he was offered a British ], which he also turned down. Mashriqi was among the youngest Indians to have been offered such positions. | ||
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==Founder of Al-Islah== | ==Founder of Al-Islah== | ||
'']''<ref>"Government of British India on Allama Mashraqi and Khaksar Tehreek (Movement): A Select Chronology; A descriptive timeline of the correspondence of the Secretary of State, Viceroy of India, Provincial Governors, and high officials, intelligence reports, and other events (Focal Period: 1930s and 40s)" by Nasim Yousaf</ref> was established in 1934 by Mashriqi as the weekly newspaper of the Khaksar Tehrik. Based in Lahore, it gained a large following both inside and outside the country. It played a key role in spreading his ideology and helped him to raise a private army of five million. In addition, ''Al-Islah'' inspired other Muslim as well as non-Muslim organizations to follow the Khaksar Tehrik and form similar organizations.{{cn|date=January 2012}} | '']''<ref>"Government of British India on Allama Mashraqi and Khaksar Tehreek (Movement): A Select Chronology; A descriptive timeline of the correspondence of the Secretary of State, Viceroy of India, Provincial Governors, and high officials, intelligence reports, and other events (Focal Period: 1930s and 40s)" by Nasim Yousaf</ref> was established in 1934 by Mashriqi as the weekly newspaper of the Khaksar Tehrik. Based in Lahore, it gained a large following both inside and outside the country. It played a key role in spreading his ideology and helped him to raise a private army of five million. In addition, ''Al-Islah''<ref>http://www.pakistaniaat.org/article/view/8727</ref> inspired other Muslim as well as non-Muslim organizations to follow the Khaksar Tehrik and form similar organizations.<ref>http://www.allamamashraqi.com/grandsonsarticles.html</ref>{{cn|date=January 2012}} | ||
==Imprisonments and allegations== | ==Imprisonments and allegations== | ||
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*Source: Mashriqi's address at the University Institute Hall, Calcutta on October 21, 1945, entitled "Where Leaders Fail: A Dispassionate Dissection of Indian Politics from a Non-Party Point of View"<ref></ref> | *Source: Mashriqi's address at the University Institute Hall, Calcutta on October 21, 1945, entitled "Where Leaders Fail: A Dispassionate Dissection of Indian Politics from a Non-Party Point of View"<ref></ref> | ||
==Articles== | |||
*"Einstein and other scientists' meetings with Allama Mashriqi"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
* | |||
*"Allama Mashriqi’s Warnings — The Time Has Come To Wake-up"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"Allama Mashriqi’s Historic Car: A Symbol of a National Heritage in Ruin"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
* | |||
*"India’s Partition in the Face of Opposition: An Unveiled Perspective"(research paper presents Mashriqi's point of view)<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"Allama Mashriqi the Great - A Hero of All Times"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"Allama Mashriqi Maliciously Implicated in Murder Case"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"The Historic Lahore Murder - March 19, 1940"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"Man At War With His Own Species"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"Behind the 1940-41 Ban on the Khaksar Tehrik"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*Paper at New York Conference on Asian Studies (October 26–27, 2007)"Freedom of British India through the Lens of the Khaskar Movement"<ref name="Allama"></ref> | |||
*"Allama Mashraqi and the Unity of Mankind"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"The Khaksar Martyrs of March 19, 1940"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
*"Allama Mashriqi Desired to Erase Sectarianism"<ref name="Allama"/> | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
==Books== | |||
Nasim Yousaf, has written and ] several books on Mashriqi and his political struggle: | |||
*Nasim Yousaf (2003), ''Allama Mashriqi & Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan: Two Legends of Pakistan'', Xlibris Corporation (October 2003) ISBN 1-4010-9097-4 | |||
*Nasim Yousaf (2004), ''Pakistan's Freedom and Allama Mashriqi: Statements, Letters, Chronology of Khaksar Tehrik (Movement), Period: Mashriqi's Birth to 1947'', AMZ Publications, (April 2004) ISBN 0-9760333-0-5 | |||
*Nasim Yousaf (2005), ''Pakistan's Birth & Allama Mashraqi: Chronology & Statements, Period: 1947-1963'', AMZ Publications, (August 2005) ISBN 0-9760333-4-8 | |||
*Nasim Yousaf (2007), ''Hidden Facts Behind British India’s Freedom: A Scholarly Look into Allama Mashraqi and Quaid-e-Azam’s Political Conflict.'' ISBN 978-0-9760333-8-7:<ref></ref> | |||
*] (2010), ''Government of British India on Allama Mashraqi and Khaksar Tehreek (Movement): A Select Chronology; A descriptive timeline of the correspondence of the Secretary of State, Viceroy of India, Provincial Governors, and high officials, intelligence reports, and other events (Focal Period: 1930s and 40s)'' ISBN 978-0-9826110-0-5:<ref></ref> | |||
==Encyclopedias== | |||
“World History Encyclopedia” (USA) includes scholar and historian ]’s articles on Allama Mashriqi and the Khaksar Movement (]). The 21 volume encyclopedia is published by globally renowned publisher ABC-CLIO (California, USA).<ref>http://www.facebook.com/pages/Allama-Mashriqi-Article-Published-in-World-History-Encyclopedia-USA/203153806381913#!</ref><ref name="allamamashraqi.com">http://www.allamamashraqi.com/grandsonsarticles.html</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*http://www.allamamashriqi.info | *http://www.allamamashriqi.info | ||
*http://allama-mashriqi.8m.com | *http://allama-mashriqi.8m.com | ||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
*http://www.facebook.com/pages/Allama-Mashriqi/51811380968 | |||
*http://www.facebook.com/pages/Allama-Mashriqi-the-Great-A-Hero-of-All-Times/177539648924618 | |||
*http://www.facebook.com/pages/Khaksar-Movement-in-British-India/163150720406479 | |||
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. --> | {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. --> |
Revision as of 05:04, 28 January 2012
Allama Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi علامہ مشرقی | |
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File:Allama Mashriqi.jpg | |
Born | (1888-08-25)25 August 1888 Amritsar, Punjab, British India |
Died | 27 August 1963(1963-08-27) (aged 75) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |
Other names | Allama Mashriqi |
Alma mater | University of the Punjab University of Cambridge |
Organization | Khaksar movement |
Office | Under Secretary, British India |
Movement | Indian independence movement Pakistan Movement |
Allama Mashriqi (Template:Lang-pa), also known as Inayatullah Khan (Punjabi: عنایت اللہ خان (Shahmukhi), इनायतुल्ला ख़ान (Devanagari)) (born in Amritsar, 25 August 1888; died in Lahore, 27 August 1963) was a South Asian mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and the founder of the Khaksar movement.
Mashriqi was a noted mathematical intellectual who became a college Principal at the age of 25, and then became an Under Secretary, at the age of 29, in the Education Department of the Government of India. He wrote an exegesis of the Qur'an which was nominated for the 1925 Nobel Prize. He was offered an Ambassadorship to Afghanistan at age 32 and Knighthood at the age of 33 years, but he declined all honours.
He subsequently resigned government service and in 1930 founded the Khaksar Movement, aiming to advance the condition of the masses irrespective of any faith, sect, or religion. As its leader, he was imprisoned several times. Through his philosophical writings, he asserted that the Science of Religions was essentially the science of collective evolution of mankind.
Family background
Mashriqi was born into an eminent Muslim Rajput family in Amritsar on 25 August 1888. His father, Khan Ata Mohammad Khan, had inherited a large property from his father. His ancestors had held prominent positions during the Mughal Empire. Khan Ata was also well-connected with the Muslim luminaries of the time such as Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Jamal Ud Din Afgahani, Shibli Nomani, and Mirza Ghalib.
Khan Ata owned a bi-weekly publication, Vakil ("Lawyer"), published from Amritsar. Vakil discussed political issues with a Muslim focus. Shibli Nomani requested that Khan Ata let Abul Kalam Azad work at Vakil. Azad went on to work as an editor of Vakil. Mashriqi was thus raised in an intellectual Muslim environment. Khan Ata Mohammad Khan noticed the genius in his son and he guided him accordingly.
Education
Mashriqi had a passion for mathematics from his childhood. He completed his Master's degree in Mathematics from the University of the Punjab at the age of 19 and broke all previous records. In October 1907 he went to Britain and matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, to read for the mathematics tripos. He was awarded a college foundation scholarship in May 1908. In June 1909 he was awarded first class honours in Mathematics Part I, being placed joint 27th out of 31 on the list of wranglers. For the next two years, he read for the oriental languages tripos in parallel to the natural sciences tripos, gaining first class honours in the former and third class in the latter.
After three years' residence at Cambridge he had qualified for his Bachelor of Arts degree, which he took in 1910. In 1912 he completed a fourth tripos in mechanical sciences, and was placed in the second class. Following the year, Mashriqi was conferred with D.Phil. in mathematics receiving a gold medal in his doctoral graduation ceremony. He left Cambridge and returned to India in December 1912. During his stay in Cambridge his religious and scientific conviction was inspired by the works and concepts of the professor Sir James Jeans.
Career
On his return to India, Mashriqi was offered the premiership of Alwar, a princely state, by the Raja. He declined owing to his interest in education. At the age of 25 he was appointed Vice Principal of Islamia College, Peshawar, by Chief Commissioner Sir George Roos-Keppel. He was made Principal of the same college in 1917. In Oct 1917 he was appointed Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Education Department in succession to Sir George Anderson (1876–1943). He became headmaster of the High School, Peshawar on 21 October 1919.
Aged 32, he was offered an ambassadorship to Afghanistan, which he declined. The following year, he was offered a British knighthood, which he also turned down. Mashriqi was among the youngest Indians to have been offered such positions.
In 1930 he was passed over for a promotion in the government service, following which he went on medical leave. In 1932 he resigned, taking his pension, and settled down in Ichhra, Lahore.
Nobel nomination
In 1924, at the age of 36, Mashriqi completed the first volume of his book, Tazkirah. It is a commentary on the Qur'an in the light of science. It was nominated by the Nobel Prize Committee in 1925, subject to the condition it was translated into one of the European languages. Mashriqi, however, declined the suggestion of translation.
Fellowships
Mashriqi's fellowships included::
- Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, 1923
- Fellow of the Geographical Society (F.G.S), Paris
- Fellow of Society of Arts (F.S.A), Paris
- Member of the Board at Delhi University
- President of the Mathematical Society, Islamia College, Peshawar
- Member of the International Congress of Orientalists (Leiden), 1930
- President of the All World's Faiths Conference, 1937
Mashriqi's philosophy
Mashriqi was interested in the conflict within various religions. Instead of getting disgusted with the conflict and discarding religion, he tried to fathom the fallacy. To him, messengers from the same Creator could not have brought different and conflicting messages to the same creation. He could not conceive of a contradictory and conflicting state of affairs in the Universe, nor could he accept the conflict within various religions as real. Either Religion was a fraud and the prophets were impostors who misguided and disrupted mankind, or they were misprojected by their followers and misunderstood by the mankind.
He delved into the religious scriptures and arrived at the conclusion that all the prophets had brought the same message to man. He analysed the fundamentals of the Message and established that the teachings of all the prophets were closely linked with the evolution of mankind as a single and united species in contrast to other ignorant and stagnant species of animals.
It was on this basis that he declared that the science of religions was essentially the science of collective evolution of mankind; all prophets came to unite mankind, not to disrupt it; the basic law of all faiths is the law of unification and consolidation of the entire humanity. According to Markus Daeschel, the philosophical ruminations of Mashriqi offer an opportunity to re-evaluate the meaning of colonial modernity and notion of post-colonial nation-building in modern times.
Mashriqi's inspiration
How Mashriqi became aware of the Quranic concept of a Knower has been narrated by him in a footnote on page 185 of his book, the Hedith-ul·Quran, He says (translated from Urdu): "In this connection a strange incident is worth mentioning here which occurred in 1909 when I was at University of Cambridge. I entered Cambridge in 1907 and a year later topped in the entire University in a preliminary test in mathematics. I was only 19 then and, with this distinction, amongst the most aggressive students. It is customary at Cambridge that students seldom enter into conversation with Professors, who remain busy in their research and live in an entirely different world. One day I saw one of the most notable Professors of mine (Sir James Jeans) walking in the bazar with a copy of the Bible under one arm and umbrella under the other though it was raining heavily. I instantly stepped forward and greeted him. When he smiled back, I got encouraged and said almost sarcastically, 'Sir, you are the most reputed scientist of the world. How is it that you believe in the Bible?·. 'Come to my place on Thursday", he said and wended his way. I reached his house on the appointed day--I was accompanied by a fellow student, an English boy, to test whether I was bluffing or the Professor had really invited me. We arrived there at 4 p.m.; exactly at that time the door opened, a lady asked my name and took me inside. The Professor received me very kindly, offered tea and said that he had called me to answer my questi'on. I was already scared and apologised that the question was impertinent. But he kept me there and for full one hour explained what this Book of Nature is, how deeply they were absorbed in it, what immensities they found in it. At the end he uttered precisely these words,? "I say it on my honour that the hair on my body stand on end out of Fear of God since the day I started the study of Nature". I was astonished, because in our India science-educated "half-baked" professors were mostly atheist. In short, when I read these words two years later in the Quran while preparing for Tripos in Arabic and pondered over the words meaning. "Those truly fear God from amongst His servants who are the Knowers" and "The hair on their skins stand on end', I understood that the Ulema(Knowers) are not these Maulvies but they are the Scientists who have created such a stir in the world. From then on the sublimity of the Quran began to be manifest to me. This incident was the first window of light about the Quran which accidentally opened on me, otherwise I would have been deprived of the Quran after having studied science.
Political life
Mashriqi is often portrayed as a controversial figure, a religious activist, a revolutionary, and an anarchist; while at the same time he is described as a visionary, a reformer, a leader, and a scientist-philosopher who was born ahead of his time.
After Mashriqi resigned from government service, he laid the foundation of the Khaksar Tehrik (also known as Khaksar Movement) in 1930. He played a role in directing the Muslims towards the independence of British India. Mashriqi was repeatedly imprisoned, along with his family, and a large number of Khaksars. Mashriqi was opposed to the partition of India which he believed played into the hands of the British.
Founder of Al-Islah
Al-Islah was established in 1934 by Mashriqi as the weekly newspaper of the Khaksar Tehrik. Based in Lahore, it gained a large following both inside and outside the country. It played a key role in spreading his ideology and helped him to raise a private army of five million. In addition, Al-Islah inspired other Muslim as well as non-Muslim organizations to follow the Khaksar Tehrik and form similar organizations.
Imprisonments and allegations
Mashriqi was first imprisoned in 1939, by the Congress Government of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (now Uttar Pradesh) during his efforts in resolving the sectarian conflicts between Sunnis and Shias. In 1940, he was arrested during a clash between the police and the Khaksars. The newspapers reported it as the "battle of spades and guns". He was only freed from solitary confinement in 1942 after he fasted for 80 days.
On 20 July 1943, an assassination attempt was made on Muhammad Ali Jinnah by Rafiq Sabir who was assumed to be a Khaksar worker. The attack was deplored by Mashriqi, who denied any involvement. Later, Justice Blagden of Bombay High Court, in his ruling on 4 November 1943 dismissed any association of Khaksars.
In Pakistan, Mashriqi was imprisoned at least five times: in 1950 prior to election; in 1958 for alleged complicity in the murder of republican leader Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan; and, in 1962 for suspicion on attempt to overthrow President Ayub's government. However, none of the charges were proved, and he was acquitted in each case.
In 1957 Mashriqi allegedly led 300,000 of his followers to the borders of Kashmir, intending, it is said, to launch a fight for its liberation. However, the Pakistan government persuaded the group to withdraw and the organisation was later disbanded.
Death
Mashriqi became ill with cancer and died on August 27, 1963 in Lahore (Pakistan). 100,000 people attended his funeral. Condolences were received from, among others, Ayub Khan and Khwaja Nazimuddin. Ayub Khan wrote that Mashriqi was “a great scholar and organiser who had given up a brilliant academic future to serve the people, as he thought right.” He is buried in near main market of Ichhra Lahore.
Nazimuddin wrote that Mashriqi had been “a very interesting figure who took prominent part in the politics of the South Asia”.
Mashriqi's works
Mashriqi's prominent works include:
- Armughan-i-Hakeem, a poetical work
- Dahulbab, a poetical work
- Isha’arat, the "Bible" of the Khaksar movement
- Khitab-e-Misr (The Egypt Address), based on his 1925 speech in Cairo as a delegate to the Motmar-e-Khilafat
- Maulvi Ka Ghalat Mazhab
- Tazkirah Volume I, 1924, discussions on conflicts between religions, between religion and science, and the need to resolve these conflicts
- Tazkirah Volume II. Posthumously published in 1964
- Tazkirah Volume III.
Edited works
- God, man, and universe: as conceived by a mathematician (works of Inayatullah Khan el-Mashriqi), Akhuwat Publications, Rawalpindi, 1980 (edited by Syed Shabbir Hussain).
The Constitution of Free India, 1946 A.C.
In 1945, Allama Inayatullah Khan Al-Mashriqi, founder of the Khaksar Tehreek, published "The Constitution of Free India, 1946 A.C." Also known as the Mashriqi Constitution or Khaksar Constitution, the document was created in order to prevent the partition of India.
The Constitution was formulated, under Mashriqi's guidance, by eminent personalities and intellectuals from various disciplines, such as politics, finance, and administration and law. The result was a monumental work that accommodated the rights of all — including Muslims, Hindus, Scheduled Castes, Sikhs, Jains, Parsees, Budhists, Jews and Christians. According to Mashriqi:
“We addressed almost every important element of India’s national life requesting it to send its declaration of interests so that in case the interests did not clash with those of other parties in the country they might be incorporated in the body of the Constitution ‘as far as possible, feasible and consistent with the interests of other parties.’ We addressed more or less 75 parties and over three hundred million people in the country accepted our invitation through their accredited leaders.”*
By December of 1945, 50,000 copies of the Constitution had been printed. Ultimately, however, the Constitution was not adopted for political reasons, and British India was subsequently partitioned in 1947. Nevertheless, The Constitution of Free India, 1946 A.C. serves as a lasting example of the Khaksars' efforts to bring the nation together — and how close they came to achieving the vision of a united, independent India.
- Source: Mashriqi's address at the University Institute Hall, Calcutta on October 21, 1945, entitled "Where Leaders Fail: A Dispassionate Dissection of Indian Politics from a Non-Party Point of View"
Articles
- "Einstein and other scientists' meetings with Allama Mashriqi"
- "Allama Mashriqi’s Warnings — The Time Has Come To Wake-up"
- "Allama Mashriqi’s Historic Car: A Symbol of a National Heritage in Ruin"
- "Allama Mashriqi & Mahatma Gandhi"
- "India’s Partition in the Face of Opposition: An Unveiled Perspective"(research paper presents Mashriqi's point of view)
- "Allama Mashriqi the Great - A Hero of All Times"
- "Allama Mashriqi Maliciously Implicated in Murder Case"
- "The Historic Lahore Murder - March 19, 1940"
- "Man At War With His Own Species"
- "Behind the 1940-41 Ban on the Khaksar Tehrik"
- Paper at New York Conference on Asian Studies (October 26–27, 2007)"Freedom of British India through the Lens of the Khaskar Movement"
- "Allama Mashraqi and the Unity of Mankind"
- "The Khaksar Martyrs of March 19, 1940"
- "Allama Mashriqi Desired to Erase Sectarianism"
- "Pakistan Resolution and the Massacre of the Khaksars"
- "The Khaksar Tehrik"
- "In Memory of Allama Mashriqi" (On his 41st Death Anniversary)
Books
Nasim Yousaf, has written and self-published several books on Mashriqi and his political struggle:
- Nasim Yousaf (2003), Allama Mashriqi & Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan: Two Legends of Pakistan, Xlibris Corporation (October 2003) ISBN 1-4010-9097-4
- Nasim Yousaf (2004), Pakistan's Freedom and Allama Mashriqi: Statements, Letters, Chronology of Khaksar Tehrik (Movement), Period: Mashriqi's Birth to 1947, AMZ Publications, (April 2004) ISBN 0-9760333-0-5
- Nasim Yousaf (2005), Pakistan's Birth & Allama Mashraqi: Chronology & Statements, Period: 1947-1963, AMZ Publications, (August 2005) ISBN 0-9760333-4-8
- Nasim Yousaf (2007), Hidden Facts Behind British India’s Freedom: A Scholarly Look into Allama Mashraqi and Quaid-e-Azam’s Political Conflict. ISBN 978-0-9760333-8-7:
- Nasim Yousaf (2010), Government of British India on Allama Mashraqi and Khaksar Tehreek (Movement): A Select Chronology; A descriptive timeline of the correspondence of the Secretary of State, Viceroy of India, Provincial Governors, and high officials, intelligence reports, and other events (Focal Period: 1930s and 40s) ISBN 978-0-9826110-0-5:
Encyclopedias
“World History Encyclopedia” (USA) includes scholar and historian Nasim Yousaf’s articles on Allama Mashriqi and the Khaksar Movement (Khaksar Tehrik). The 21 volume encyclopedia is published by globally renowned publisher ABC-CLIO (California, USA).
See also
References
- ^ S. Shabbir Hussain, Al-Mashriqi: The Disowned Genius, Lahore, Jang Publishers, 1991
- Al-Mashriqi Author Rasheed Nisar
- The Times, 23 June 1908, page 12.
- The Times, 16 June 1909, page 9.
- The Times,17 June 1911, page 6.
- M. Aslam Malik,Allama Inayatullah Mashraqi, page 3.
- The Times, 13 June 1912, page 7
- M. Aslam Malik,Allama Inayatullah Mashraqi, page 4.
- ^ S. Shabbir Hussain (ed.), God, Man, and Universe, Akhuwat Publications, Rawalpindi, 1980
- Nasim Yousaf.Pakistan's Freedom and Allama Mashriqi: Statements, Letters, Chronology of Khaksar Tehrik (Movement), Period: Mashriqi's Birth to 1947 ISBN 0-9760333-4-8 (2004), p. 47
- Hira Lal Seth, The Khaksar Movement Under Search Light And the Life Story of Its Leader Allama Mashriqi (Hero Publications, 1946), p 16
- Shan Muhammed, Khaksar Movement in India, Pub. Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut, 1973
- M.Aslam Malik,Allama Inayatullah Mashraqi
- Allama Mashriqi - a great genius, Pak Tribune, 11 July 2006. (accessed on 30 November 2006)
- Markus Daeschel, Scientism and its discontents: The Indo-Muslim "Fascism" of Inayatullah Khan Al-Mashriqi, Modern Intellectual History, 3: pp. 443-472, Cambridge University Press. 2006
- Khaksar Tehrik Ki Jiddo Juhad Volume 1. Author Khaksar Sher Zaman
- Angrez Sir Sikandar aur Khaksar Tehreek (in Urdu): Author Muhammad Ali Faraq
- Hidden Facts Behind British India's Freedom: A Scholarly Look into Allama Mashraqi and Quaid-e-Azam's Political Conflict.
- "Government of British India on Allama Mashraqi and Khaksar Tehreek (Movement): A Select Chronology; A descriptive timeline of the correspondence of the Secretary of State, Viceroy of India, Provincial Governors, and high officials, intelligence reports, and other events (Focal Period: 1930s and 40s)" by Nasim Yousaf
- http://www.pakistaniaat.org/article/view/8727
- http://www.allamamashraqi.com/grandsonsarticles.html
- Jinnah of Pakistan, Calendar of events, 1943. Accessed on 2 March 2007
- Akbar A. Peerbhoy, Jinnah Faces An Assassin, Bombay: Thacker & Co., 1943
- Obituary, The Times, 29 August 1963
- The Civil and Military Gazette, Lahore Pakistan, 10 August 1963
- Al-Mashraqi, Author: Dr. Muhammad Azmatullah Bhatti
- ^ Pakistan Times, 29 August 1963.
- A full list of titles is available at
- Allama Mashraqi
- ^ Allama Mashraqi
- Nasim Yousaf's books
- Nasim Yousaf's books
- http://www.facebook.com/pages/Allama-Mashriqi-Article-Published-in-World-History-Encyclopedia-USA/203153806381913#!
- http://www.allamamashraqi.com/grandsonsarticles.html
External links
- http://www.allamamashraqi.com
- http://www.allamamashriqi.info
- http://allama-mashriqi.8m.com
- Retired Deputy Chief of General Staff (Pakistan Army) and ex-Ambassador talks about Mashriqi- interview on youtube
- Nation Mourns Death of Legendary Freedom Fighter, Allama Mashriqi
- Slide show on Allama Mashriqi at New York conference
- Interview on Allama Mashriqi and the Khaksar Tehrik by a Veteran Khaksar Part I
- Interview on Allama Mashriqi and the Khaksar Tehrik by a Veteran Khaksar Part II
- http://www.facebook.com/pages/Allama-Mashriqi/51811380968
- http://www.facebook.com/pages/Allama-Mashriqi-the-Great-A-Hero-of-All-Times/177539648924618
- http://www.facebook.com/pages/Khaksar-Movement-in-British-India/163150720406479
- Articles with links needing disambiguation from June 2011
- People from Lahore
- Pakistani scholars
- Islamic studies scholars
- Muslim reformers
- Forman Christian College alumni
- 1888 births
- 1963 deaths
- People from Amritsar
- Pakistani logicians
- Pakistani Sunni Muslims
- Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
- University of the Punjab alumni
- Pakistani mathematicians
- Alumni of the University of Cambridge
- Islamia College University faculty
- Indian revolutionaries
- Indian prisoners and detainees
- 20th-century philosophers
- World War II political leaders
- Anti-poverty advocates
- Urdu literature
- Punjabi people
- Urdu-language writers
- Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom
- Indian humanitarians
- Indian independence activists
- Indian philosophers
- Indian politicians
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- Pakistan Movement