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{{chembox {{Chembox
| verifiedrevid = 464398176 | verifiedrevid = 464398176
⚫ | ImageFile = 2-methylbutane-2D-skeletal.svg
| Name = Isopentane
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
⚫ | ImageFile = 2-methylbutane-2D-skeletal.svg
| ImageSize = 140px | ImageSize = 100
| ImageName = Isopentane | ImageName = Numbered, skeletal formula of isopentane
| ImageFile1 = Isopentane-3D-balls.png | ImageFile1 = Isopentane-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize1 = 140px | ImageSize1 = 100
| ImageName1 = Isopentane
| ImageName1 = Ball and stick model of isopentane
| IUPACName = 2-Methylbutane
| IUPACName = 2-Methylbutane<ref>{{Cite web|title=isopentane - Compound Summary|url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6556&loc=ec_rcs#x291|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate=5 March 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref>
| OtherNames = Methylbutane | OtherNames = Methylbutane{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 78-78-4
⚫ | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
⚫ | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
⚫ | ChEBI = 30362
| SMILES = CC(C)CC | PubChem = 6556
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|Pubchem}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6308 | ChemSpiderID = 6308
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = ZH67814I0O | UNII = ZH67814I0O
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫ | InChI = 1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3
| EINECS = 201-142-8
⚫ | InChIKey = QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYAE
| UNNumber = 1265
⚫ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| MeSHName = isopentane
| StdInChI = 1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3
⚫ | ChEBI = 30362
⚫ | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| StdInChIKey = QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 78-78-4 | RTECS = EK4430000
| Beilstein = 1730723
⚫ | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| RTECS = EK4430000 | Gmelin = 49318
| SMILES = CCC(C)C
⚫ }}
⚫ | StdInChI = 1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3
⚫ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | StdInChIKey = QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
⚫ | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
⚫ | C = 5
| Formula = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
| MolarMass = 72.15 g/mol | H = 12
| ExactMass = 72.093900384 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Appearance = colorless liquid
| Density = 0.616 g/ml, liquid<ref name="Wei"/> | Appearance = Colorless, transparent liquid
| Solubility = Immiscible | Odor = Odorless
⚫ | Density = 616 mg mL<sup>−1</sup><ref name="Wei"> James Wei (1999), ''Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points''. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi|10.1021/ie990588m}}</ref>
| MeltingPt = &minus;159.9 °C (113.3 K)<ref name="Wei"/>
| BoilingPtKL = 300.9
⚫ | BoilingPt = 27.7 °C (300.9 K)<ref name="Wei"> James Wei (1999), ''Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points''. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi|10.1021/ie990588m}} </ref>
| BoilingPtKH = 301.3
⚫ }}
| MeltingPtKL = 112
| MeltingPtKH = 114
| Solubility = Miscible
| VaporPressure = 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C)
| HenryConstant = 7.2 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
| LambdaMax = 192 nm
| RefractIndex = 10.354
⚫ }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = &minus;179 kJ/mol | DeltaHf = −179.1–−177.3 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc = &minus;3504 kJ/mol | DeltaHc = −3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 260.7 J·K<sup>&minus;1</sup>·mol<sup>&minus;1</sup> | Entropy = 260.41 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 164.85 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}} }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | Section5 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}}{{GHS exclamation mark}}{{GHS health hazard}}{{GHS environment}}
| EUClass = Highly flammable ('''F+''')<br />Harmful ('''Xn''')<br />Dangerous for<br />the environment ('''N''')
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
⚫ | NFPA-H = 1
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|224|304|336|411}}
⚫ | NFPA-F = 4
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|261|273|301+310|331}}
⚫ | NFPA-R =
| EUIndex = 601-006-00-1
⚫ | RPhrases = {{R12}}, {{R51/53}}, {{R65}},<br />{{R66}}, {{R67}}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S9}}, {{S16}}, {{S29}},<br />{{S33}}, {{S61}}, {{S62}} | EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} {{Hazchem Xn}} {{Hazchem N}}
⚫ | NFPA-H = 1
| FlashPt = &lt;&minus;51 °C
| Autoignition = 420 °C | NFPA-F = 4
⚫ | NFPA-R = 0
⚫ | ExploLimits = 1.4&ndash;7.6%
⚫ | RPhrases = {{R12}}, {{R51/53}}, {{R65}}, {{R66}}, {{R67}}
⚫ }}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S16}}, {{S29}}, {{S33}}
⚫ | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Function = ] | FlashPt = −51 °C
| Autoignition = 420 °C
⚫ | OtherFunctn = ]<br />]<br />]
⚫ | ExploLimits = 1.4–8.3%
| OtherCpds = ]<br />]
}} }}
⚫ | Section6 = {{Chembox Related
| Function = alkanes
⚫ | OtherFunctn = {{Unbulleted list|]|]}}
⚫ }}
}} }}

'''Isopentane''', ]], also called '''methylbutane''' or '''2-methylbutane''', is a branched-chain ] with five ] atoms. Isopentane is an extremely ] and extremely ] liquid at room ] and ]. The ] is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with ] to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.<ref>Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2}}</ref> '''Isopentane''', ]], also called '''methylbutane''' or '''2-methylbutane''', is a branched-chain ] with five ] atoms. Isopentane is an extremely ] and extremely ] liquid at room ] and ]. The ] is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with ] to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.<ref>Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2}}</ref>


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==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* *
* (online version of the "''Blue Book''") * (online version of the "''Blue Book''")
{{Alkanes}}

{{alkanes}}


] ]

Revision as of 06:52, 5 March 2012

Isopentane
Numbered, skeletal formula of isopentane
Ball and stick model of isopentane
Names
IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane
Other names Methylbutane
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference 1730723
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.039 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 201-142-8
Gmelin Reference 49318
MeSH isopentane
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • EK4430000
UNII
UN number 1265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
  • CCC(C)C
Properties
Chemical formula C5H12
Molar mass 72.151 g·mol
Appearance Colorless, transparent liquid
Odor Odorless
Density 616 mg mL
Solubility in water Miscible
Vapor pressure 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's law
constant (kH) 		7.2 nmol Pa kg
UV-vis (λmax) 192 nm
Refractive index (nD) 10.354
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C) 164.85 J K mol
Std molar
entropy (S298) 		260.41 J K mol
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH298) 		−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH298) 		−3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS02: FlammableGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Signal word Danger
Hazard statements H224, H304, H336, H411
Precautionary statements P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1 4 0
Flash point −51 °C
Explosive limits 1.4–8.3%
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).

Uses

Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh® and Sensodyne®.

References

  1. "isopentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  2. James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
  3. Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
  4. Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. Aquafresh Website

External links

Alkanes
Category: