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The term '''passive smoking''' refers to the inhalation, usually involuntary, of ] from tobacco products by non-smokers or persons other than the intended 'active' smoker<ref>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/passive-smoking</ref><ref>http://lungcancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/passivesmoking.htm</ref><ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/passive%20smoking</ref><ref>http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/passive+smoking</ref>. It occurs when tobacco smoke permeates any environment, causing its inhalation by people within that environment. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke through passive smoking ] disease, disability, and death.<ref name="framework-treaty">{{cite web |url = http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/WHO_FCTC_english.pdf |title = WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control |publisher = ] |quote = Parties recognize that scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco causes death, disease and disability |date = 2005-02-27 |accessdate = 2009-01-12 |format = PDF}}</ref><ref name="sg-report">{{cite web |url = http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke |title = The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General |publisher = ] |date = 2006-06-27 |accessdate = 2009-01-12 |quote = Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke}}</ref><ref name="calepa2005">{{cite web |url = http://repositories.cdlib.org/context/tc/article/1194/type/pdf/viewcontent/ |title = Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant |date = 2005-06-24 |accessdate = 2009-01-12 |publisher = ]}}</ref><ref name=IARC2004>{{harvnb|IARC|2004}} </ref> The health hazards of passive smoking, which are a matter of ].<ref name=Samet008>{{cite journal |author=Samet JM |title=Secondhand smoke: facts and lies |journal=Salud Publica Mex |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=428–34 |year=2008 |pmid=18852940 |doi= 10.1590/S0036-36342008000500016|url=http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-36342008000500016&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en}}</ref><ref name=Circ07 />, have been a major motivation for ] in workplaces and indoor public places. | ||
===Alternative terms=== | ===Alternative terms=== |
Revision as of 17:05, 30 March 2012
The term passive smoking refers to the inhalation, usually involuntary, of second-hand smoke from tobacco products by non-smokers or persons other than the intended 'active' smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke permeates any environment, causing its inhalation by people within that environment. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke through passive smoking causes disease, disability, and death. The health hazards of passive smoking, which are a matter of scientific consensus., have been a major motivation for smoke-free laws in workplaces and indoor public places.
Alternative terms
Passive smoking is used widely in news media and in older scientific research papers and may therefore be regarded as a common name for exposure to second-hand smoke. More recent scientific literature and regulatory material tends to refer directly to second-hand smoke, and the two terms are effectively employed as synonyms, although etymologically passive smoking is the act or behaviour of exposure to a contaminant, and second-hand smoke the hazardous substance. A minority of scientific papers, and some material generated by representatives of the tobacco industry, refer to environmental tobacco smoke or 'ETS' rather than either passive smoking or second-hand smoke.
Consequences
Main article: Second-hand smokeThe evidence of health hazards arising from passive smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke have played a central role in the debate over the regulation of tobacco products and smoking. Since the early 1970s, the tobacco industry has viewed the passive smoking issue as a major threat to its business interests. Harm to bystanders was perceived as a motivator for stricter regulation of tobacco products. Despite the industry's awareness of the harms of second-hand smoke as early as the 1980s, the tobacco industry coordinated a scientific controversy with the aim of forestalling regulation of their products. Nevertheless, as evidence of the hazards of second-hand smoke exposure through passive smoking has accumulated, so has the use of smoke-free laws (or 'smoking bans') proliferated.
See also
References
- http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/passive-smoking
- http://lungcancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/passivesmoking.htm
- http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/passive%20smoking
- http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/passive+smoking
- "WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2005-02-27. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Parties recognize that scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco causes death, disease and disability
- "The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General". Surgeon General of the United States. 2006-06-27. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke
- "Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant". California Environmental Protection Agency. 2005-06-24. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- IARC 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFIARC2004 (help) "There is sufficient evidence that involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco smoke) causes lung cancer in humans"
- Samet JM (2008). "Secondhand smoke: facts and lies". Salud Publica Mex. 50 (5): 428–34. doi:10.1590/S0036-36342008000500016. PMID 18852940.
- ^ Tong, EK (2007 Oct 16). "Tobacco industry efforts undermining evidence linking secondhand smoke with cardiovascular disease". Circulation. 116 (16): 1845–54. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.715888. PMID 17938301.
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suggested) (help) - Diethelm P, McKee M (February 2006). "Lifting the smokescreen: Tobacco industry strategy to defeat smoke free policies and legislation" (PDF). European Respiratory Society and Institut National du Cancer. Retrieved 2009-01-17.
The industry quickly realised that, if it wanted to continue to prosper, it became vital that research did not demonstrate that tobacco smoke was a dangerous community air pollutant. This requirement has been the central pillar of its passive smoking policy from the early 1970s to the present day