| Revision as of 20:40, 24 May 2012 editKwamikagami (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Template editors476,403 edits rv. nonsense again← Previous edit | Revision as of 20:43, 24 May 2012 edit undoKwamikagami (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Template editors476,403 editsNo edit summaryNext edit → | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| These are the only finals in Jinhui: ], and historical nasal stops reduced to nasalization. | These are the only finals in Jinhui: ], and historical nasal stops reduced to nasalization. | ||
| There is also |
There is also an obscure vowel {{IPA|/ɨ/}} and a rhotic vowel {{IPA|/ɚ/}} which occur in restricted environments, as well as syllabic nasals {{IPA|/ŋ̍ m̩/}}. | ||
| Jinhui also has a large number of consonants, including glottalized stops and a palatalized series:<ref name=Jinhui/> | Jinhui also has a large number of consonants, including glottalized stops and a palatalized series:<ref name=Jinhui/> | ||
Revision as of 20:43, 24 May 2012
| Jinhui dialect | |
|---|---|
| Dônđäc | |
| 偒傣 | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Fengxian District, Shanghai |
| Ethnicity | Han Chinese |
| Native speakers | 100,000 (2012) |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Jinhui dialect (Chinese: 金汇方言), also known as Dônđäc (Dônđäc Fengxian Wu; Chinese: 偒傣; pinyin: Dàngdǎi), is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the town of Jinhui in Shanghai's suburban Fengxian District. It has about 100,000 native speakers.
Jinhui has ten normal vowels, which may occur nasalized and have different qualities in checked syllables:
| i | y | e | ø | ɛ | ɑ | ɯ | ɔ | o | u |
| ɪʔ | ʏʔ | ʌʔ | œʔ | æʔ | aʔ | əʔ | ɒʔ | ɵʔ | — |
| ɪ̃ | ʏ̃ | — | — | ɛ̃ | ã | ə̃ | ɒ̃ | ɵ̃ | — |
These are the only finals in Jinhui: glottal stop, and historical nasal stops reduced to nasalization.
There is also an obscure vowel /ɨ/ and a rhotic vowel /ɚ/ which occur in restricted environments, as well as syllabic nasals /ŋ̍ m̩/.
Jinhui also has a large number of consonants, including glottalized stops and a palatalized series:
| m mʲ |
n nʲ |
ŋ | |||
| pʰ b ˀb pʰʲ bʲ ˀbʲ |
tʰ d ˀd tʰʲ dʲ ˀdʲ |
tsʰ ts dz tɕʰ tɕ dʑ ˀɟ |
kʰ ɡ | kfʰ ɡv | ʔ |
| f v vʲ |
s z ɕ ʑ |
h ɦ | |||
| l lʲ |
j | w |
The glottalized consonants are unique to Jinhui dialect and neighboring areas. Most distinctive is /ˀɟ/, found for example in 金 /ˀɟɪ̃˥˧/. There are other glottalized consonants, such as , etc., but these are predictable by the tone and so are not distinctive.
are phonetically unusual for a Chinese language; these, and the palatalized series, correspond to the Mandarin medial vowels -u- and -i-.
It is not clear how many phonemic tones Jinhui has. Of the eight traditional tones, one pair is found in checked syllables, and so not phonemically distinctive. All four pairs may depend on the voicing of the initial, as in other varieties of Wu, but the existence of suggests either that they are distinctive after sonorants, or that the consonant inventory is larger.
| ꜀平 Level | ꜂上 Rising | 去꜄ Departing | 入꜆ Entering | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yin | ˥˧ 53 | ˧˧˥ 335 | ˦ 4 | ˧˥ˀ 35 |
| yang | ˨˧˩ 231 | ˩˩˧ 113 | ˨˧ 23 | ˨˧ˀ 23 |
There is also a 'light' (unstressed) tone, 2.
References
- ^ "奉贤金汇方言"语音最复杂" 元音巅峰值达20个左右" (in Chinese). Eastday. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- "寻找人类语言巴别塔" (in Chinese). people.com.cn. 31 March 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ "金汇方言". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012.05.18. Retrieved 2012.05.18.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|archivedate=(help)