House of Knýtlinga: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:02, 1 September 2012 editRichard75 (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers34,565 editsm Some minor edits, in preparation for merging with the article House of Denmark ← Previous edit		Revision as of 21:19, 1 September 2012 edit undoRichard75 (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers34,565 edits Merging article with Danish Kings of England Next edit →
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			{{Royal house
	{{Infobox royalty
			\|surname = House of Knýtlinga
	\|image=Cnut_the_Great_Obverse.jpg
	\|~~caption~~=Coin of Cnut the Great from the ]		\|coat of arms = ]]]
			\|country = ], ], ], ]
			\|parent house =
			\|titles = <nowiki></nowiki>
			* ]
		⚫	* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			\|founder = ]
			\|final ruler = ]
			\|current head =
			\|founding year = 1013
			\|dissolution = 1042
			\|nationality = ]-]
			\|cadet branches =]
	}}		}}
	]'s domains, in red.]]		]'s domains, in red.]]

	The '''House of Knýtlinga''' (]: "House of Cnut's Descendants") were a ruling ] in ] ] and ]. Its most famous king was ], who gave its name to this dynasty. Other notable members were Cnut's father ], and Cnut's sons ], ], and ]. It has also been called the House of Canute, the House of Gorm, or the Jelling Dynasty.		The '''House of Knýtlinga''' (]: "House of Cnut's Descendants") were a ruling ] in ] ] and ]. Its most famous king was ], who gave its name to this dynasty. Other notable members were Cnut's father ], and Cnut's sons ], ], and ]. It has also been called the House of Canute, the House of Gorm, or the Jelling Dynasty.

	In 1018 AD the House of Knýtlinga brought the crowns of England and Denmark together under a ]. At the height of its power, in the years 1028–1030, the House reigned over ], ], ], and parts of ]. After the death of Cnut the Great's heirs within a decade of his own death and the ] in 1066, the legacy of the Knýtlinga was largely lost to history.		In 1018 AD the House of Knýtlinga brought the crowns of England and Denmark together under a ]. At the height of its power, in the years 1028–1030, the House reigned over ], ], ], and parts of ]. After the death of Cnut the Great's heirs within a decade of his own death and the ] in 1066, the legacy of the Knýtlinga was largely lost to history.

			==Rulers of England==
			The House of Knýtlinga ruled ] from 1013 to 1014 and from 1016 to 1042.

			In 1013 ], already the ] and of ], overthrew King ] of the ]. Sweyn had first invaded England in 1003 to avenge the death of his sister ] and many other Danes in the ], which had been ordered by Æthelred in 1002.

			Sweyn died in 1014 and Æthelred was restored. However in 1015 Sweyn's son, ], invaded England. After Æthelred died in April 1016, his son ] briefly became king, but was forced to surrender half of England to Cnut. After Edmund died in November that same year, Cnut became king of all England.

			Although Cnut was already married to ], he married Æthelred's widow, ]. He ruled until his death in 1035. After his death another of Æthelred's sons, ], tried to retake the English throne, but he was betrayed and captured by ], who supported Cnut's son, ]. Alfred was blinded, and died soon after.

			Harold ruled until 1040, although his mother Ælfgifu may have ruled during part of his reign.<ref>Frank Stenton, ''Anglo-Saxon England'', Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1971, p. 421.</ref> Harold initially shared England with his half brother ], the son of Cnut and Emma. Harold ruled in ] and ], and Harthacnut ruled in ]. However Harthacnut was also king of Denmark (as Cnut III), and spent most of his time there, so that Harold was effectively sole ruler of England.

			Harthacnut succeeded Harold as king of England (he is sometimes also known as Cnut II). He died two years later, and his half-brother ] became king. Edward was the son of Æthelred and Emma, and so with his succession to the throne the House of Wessex was restored.

			===England after the House of Denmark===
			Edward the Confessor ruled until 1066. His brother in law, ] — the son of Alfred's betrayer — became king, provoking the ] in the same year. Harold II was the last ] king to rule over England.

			In 1085–86 King ] planned one last Danish invasion of England, but he was assassinated by Danish rebels before he could carry it out. This was the last time the Vikings attempted to attack Western Europe, and Cnut's death is regarded as the end of the ].

			===List of Danish kings of England===
			* ], 1013–14 (also king of Denmark 986/7–1014 and Norway 999–1014)
			* ], 1016–1035 (also king of Denmark 1018–35 and Norway 1028–35)
			* ], 1035–40
			* ], 1040–42 (also king of Denmark 1035–1042)

			===Queens consort of England during Danish rule===
			* ] (1002–1016 and 1017–1035)
			* ] (1016–1035)

	==See also==		==See also==
⚫	* ]
	* '']''		* '']''
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			==References==
			* on the official website of the British Monarchy
			* on the official website of the British Monarchy
			* on the official website of the British Monarchy
			* on the official website of the British Monarchy

			{{reflist}}

			{{s-start}}
			{{s-hou \| House of Knýtlinga \| name=''']'''}}
			{{s-bef \| before=] }}
			{{s-ttl \| title=] \| years=''ca'' 900–1042 }}
			{{s-aft \| after=] }}
			{{s-bef \| before=] }}
			{{s-ttl \| title=] \| years=985–95 }}
			{{s-aft \| rows=2 \| after=]{{smallsup\|1}} }}
			{{s-bef \| before=] }}
			{{s-ttl \| title=Ruling house of Norway \| years=1028–35 }}
			{{s-bef \| rows=2 \| before=] }}
			{{s-ttl \| title=] \| years=1013–14 }}
			{{s-aft \| rows=2 \| after=] }}
			{{s-ttl \| title=Ruling house of England \| years=1016–42 }}
			{{s-ref \| It is disputed whether the Vestfold dynasty is a cadet branch of the Fairhair dynasty; see ] for more details. }}

			{{Royal houses of Europe}}
			{{Kingdom of England}}

			]
	{{Denmark-hist-stub}}

	]		]
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	]		]
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Revision as of 21:19, 1 September 2012

House of Knýtlinga

Country	Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden
Founded	1013
Founder	Sweyn Forkbeard
Final ruler	Harthacnut
Titles	King of England King of Denmark King of Norway King of Sweden
Dissolution	1042
Cadet branches	House of Estridsen

The House of Knýtlinga (English: "House of Cnut's Descendants") were a ruling royal house in Middle Age Scandinavia and England. Its most famous king was Cnut the Great, who gave its name to this dynasty. Other notable members were Cnut's father Sweyn Forkbeard, and Cnut's sons Harthacnut, Harold Harefoot, and Svein Knutsson. It has also been called the House of Canute, the House of Gorm, or the Jelling Dynasty.

In 1018 AD the House of Knýtlinga brought the crowns of England and Denmark together under a personal union. At the height of its power, in the years 1028–1030, the House reigned over Denmark, England, Norway, and parts of Sweden. After the death of Cnut the Great's heirs within a decade of his own death and the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the legacy of the Knýtlinga was largely lost to history.

Rulers of England

The House of Knýtlinga ruled England from 1013 to 1014 and from 1016 to 1042.

In 1013 Sweyn Forkbeard, already the king of Denmark and of Norway, overthrew King Æthelred the Unready of the House of Wessex. Sweyn had first invaded England in 1003 to avenge the death of his sister Gunhilde and many other Danes in the St. Brice's Day massacre, which had been ordered by Æthelred in 1002.

Sweyn died in 1014 and Æthelred was restored. However in 1015 Sweyn's son, Cnut the Great, invaded England. After Æthelred died in April 1016, his son Edmund Ironside briefly became king, but was forced to surrender half of England to Cnut. After Edmund died in November that same year, Cnut became king of all England.

Although Cnut was already married to Ælfgifu of Northampton, he married Æthelred's widow, Emma of Normandy. He ruled until his death in 1035. After his death another of Æthelred's sons, Alfred Aetheling, tried to retake the English throne, but he was betrayed and captured by Godwin, Earl of Wessex, who supported Cnut's son, Harold Harefoot. Alfred was blinded, and died soon after.

Harold ruled until 1040, although his mother Ælfgifu may have ruled during part of his reign. Harold initially shared England with his half brother Harthacnut, the son of Cnut and Emma. Harold ruled in Mercia and Northumbria, and Harthacnut ruled in Wessex. However Harthacnut was also king of Denmark (as Cnut III), and spent most of his time there, so that Harold was effectively sole ruler of England.

Harthacnut succeeded Harold as king of England (he is sometimes also known as Cnut II). He died two years later, and his half-brother Edward the Confessor became king. Edward was the son of Æthelred and Emma, and so with his succession to the throne the House of Wessex was restored.

England after the House of Denmark

Edward the Confessor ruled until 1066. His brother in law, Harold Godwinson — the son of Alfred's betrayer — became king, provoking the Norman conquest of England in the same year. Harold II was the last Anglo-Saxon king to rule over England.

In 1085–86 King Cnut IV of Denmark planned one last Danish invasion of England, but he was assassinated by Danish rebels before he could carry it out. This was the last time the Vikings attempted to attack Western Europe, and Cnut's death is regarded as the end of the Viking Age.

List of Danish kings of England

Sweyn Forkbeard, 1013–14 (also king of Denmark 986/7–1014 and Norway 999–1014)
Cnut, 1016–1035 (also king of Denmark 1018–35 and Norway 1028–35)
Harold Harefoot, 1035–40
Harthacnut, 1040–42 (also king of Denmark 1035–1042)

Queens consort of England during Danish rule

Emma of Normandy (1002–1016 and 1017–1035)
Ælfgifu of Northampton (1016–1035)

References

Sweyn on the official website of the British Monarchy
Cnut on the official website of the British Monarchy
Harold on the official website of the British Monarchy
Harthacnut on the official website of the British Monarchy

Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1971, p. 421.

Royal house House of Knýtlinga
Preceded byHouse of Olaf	Ruling house of Denmark ca 900–1042	Succeeded byHouse of Bjelbo
Preceded byFairhair dynasty	Ruling house of Norway 985–95	Succeeded byVestfold dynasty
Preceded byHouse of Hlaðir	Ruling house of Norway 1028–35
Preceded byHouse of Wessex	Ruling house of England 1013–14	Succeeded byHouse of Wessex
	Ruling house of England 1016–42
Notes and references
1. It is disputed whether the Vestfold dynasty is a cadet branch of the Fairhair dynasty; see Fairhair dynasty for more details.

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