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The Armenian architects of Baku have influenced the city's architecture throughout its development during the 19th and 20th centuries.

History

Due to the oil boom in the 19th century, Baku became a rapidly developing city and grew rapidly. The large-scale construction of the city was directly tied to the increase of the city's population. Eventually, this brought numerous Russian and Armenian architects to the city, who ultimately influenced the city's architectural profile. Much of these architects were educated in Russia and, in particular, in St. Petersburg, Russia's capital city of the time. These included a number of high-profile designers, such as Hovhannes Katchaznouni, Nikolai Bayev, and Freidun Aghalyan.

Architects

Architect	Biography	Works
File:Hovhannes Katchaznouni.jpg	Born 1868 Akhaltsikhe, Georgia - died Soviet Union 1938. He graduated with honors from St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering in 1893. He eventually became the first Prime Minister of Armenia in 1918.	Built a hospital, apartment houses, a hotel in Balakhany, and assisted in the construction of the Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Cathedral.
File:Aghalian.jpg	Born Shushi, Karabakh November 20, 1876 - died Yerevan, Armenia SSR February 1, 1944. In 1903 Aghalyan finished the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering.	In 1903-1921 he constructed railroad bridges, gymnasium, the Treasury palace and Workers House.
	Born Astrakhan, Russia October 6, 1875 - died August 5, 1952, Yerevan, Armenia SSR. Educated at the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering. From 1911-1918 he worked as Major Engineer of Baku.	Constructed more than 100 buildings in Baku, including the Great Theatre of the Mayilyan Brothers (modern days Azerbaijan State Opera Theatre, 1911), Baku Northern Savings Bank, Sabunchi Railway Station (now the worlds largest KFC), a neighborhood in the former Ermenikend area of Baku, series of schools, gymnasiums, Semashko Hospital (1914-18), residences of Salimanov, Sheremetiev, and others.
File:GTer-Mikayelian.jpg	Born Stavropol, Russia April 16, 1874 - died Tbilisi, Georgia SSR January 14, 1949. In 1893 and studied at the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering. He graduated the institute in 1899. He moved to Baku where he lived and worked till 1912. He died January 14, 1949 and is buried in the Armenian Vera Cemetery in Tbilisi.	Designed the front facade of the Baku City Hall, Baku Public Club Building (today Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall), the maternity hospital (1899), the building of the Baku branch of the Tiflis Trade Bank (1902-1903; today “Children's World” department store), the Adamoff Brothers residence, the Sadikhov Residence (1910-1912; Nikolaev street house number 1; SSR number 21), Physiotherapy Institute, Four-storey Apartment ordered by Taghiyev (Nizam 30, crossroads with Mariinskaya Street), and the Commercial College (1905-1913; Merkurevskaya Street 39). He was also one of the main architects of the Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Cathedral.
Alexander Rotinyan	Worked throughout the Caucasus. In early 20th century, Alexander Rotinoff moved to Great Britain with his family and son - Mikhail Aleksander Rotinoff. Mikhail's son Gabriel Rotinoff founded Rotinoff Motors Ltd. at Colnbrook near Slough in 1952.	Together with Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan he assisted in the construction of the Armenian church of Thadeus and Bartholomew in 1901.
	Born Shushi, Karabakh March 8, 1875 - died Baku, Azerbaijan SSR March 29, 1955. Having graduated Realschule in Tbilisi, Sargsyan moved to St. Petersburg and entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering. In 1907 he moved to Baku and immediately received request for a series of projects. His architectural style was modern. Later on in his career, he switched to neoclassicism. Vardan Sargsyan died in Baku on March 29, 1955 and is buried in the Christian-Jewish Nariman Cemetery. In September of 2007, the local Azerbaijani government ordered to destroy the Nariman Cemetery.	Constructed the Oil Producers Sanatorium building in Mardakan (1930), a male gymnasium, Residence on Krasnovodskaya street (1908; today Torgovaya (Nizami) Street and Samad Vurghun Avenue intersection; this building is also where Lev Landau was born), reconstructed the Ismailiyya building which was burned during the March Days in 1918, residence of the Mirzabekov brothers in Nikolayevskaya street (1908), and the Residence of Tigran Melikov (Khagani Street, 27).
Martin Levon Tovmasyan	Born Martin Yerevan, Armenia SSR, March 5, 1925 - died Yerevan, Armenia 2008. In 1949 he graduated from Azerbaijan Industrial Institute. He was a student of Vardan Sargsyan. He was awarded as Honored Architect of Armenia on May 28, 2007.	Constructed the general layout of the Dyubendi village, 26 Commissars Metro Station (today Sahil station), Reception House and Hotel of Azerbaijan Council of Ministers, Green Theatre, and assisted in the construction of the Lenin Palace (Today Heydar Aliyev Palace).

Gallery

• Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall constructed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
• Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall constructed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
• Sadikhov Residence in Baku (1910-1912) designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
• Physio Therapy Institute of Baku designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan (1929) Physio Therapy Institute of Baku designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan (1929)
• Commercial College of Baku designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan (1913) Commercial College of Baku designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan (1913)
• The dwelling house of Adamyan brothers (1908) in Baratinskaya street designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan. The dwelling house of Adamyan brothers (1908) in Baratinskaya street designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
• Baku Commercial Bank (1901) designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan. Baku Commercial Bank (1901) designed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
• Interior of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall Interior of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall
• Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Church constructed by Alexander Rotinyan, Gabriel Ter-Mikayelian, and Hovhannes Katchaznouni. Destroyed in the 1930s.
• Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Church during construction.
• Azerbaijan State Opera Theatre (formerly known as The Great Theater of the Mayilyan Brothers) constructed by Nikolai Bayev (1910-11).
• The house of Mirzabekov (Mirzabekyan) brothers on Nikolayevskaya street (today Istiglaliyyat Street), designed by Vardan Sargsyan
• The house of Mirzabekov (Mirzabekyan) brothers at night.
• Sabunchi Railroad Station built by Nikolai Bayev (1927; today worlds largest KFC). Sabunchi Railroad Station built by Nikolai Bayev (1927; today worlds largest KFC).
• Ismailiyya building: Rebuilt by Vardan Sargsyan after a fire
• Heydar Aliyev Palace (formerly Lenin Palace) built with the assistance of Armenian architects R. Torosyan, Martin Tovmasyan, and engineer A. Avanesov.
• Baku Municipality Hall built by Armenian architect Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan and Polish architect Józef Gosławski.
• Baku Municipality Hall
• Residence on Krasnovodskaya street built by Vardan Sargsyan (1908). Lev Landau lived in this house till 1924.

See also

• Armenian Oil Business of Baku
• Armenian Press of Baku
• Armenians in Baku
• Armenians in Azerbaijan

External links

• Armenian buildings of Baku
• Orientica.net: Armenian architecture of Baku

References

1. Goltz, Thomas (1999). Azerbaijan diary : a rogue reporter's adventures in an oil-rich, war-torn, post-Soviet republic. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 16. ISBN 9780765602442. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
2. ^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1999). Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow. p. 19. ISBN 9780810835504. Retrieved 2 December 2012. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
3. ^ LLC, Books. Armenian Architects. General Books LLC. p. 102. ISBN 9781155545172.
4. ^ Tigranyan, Edmond (2003). Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus (in Armenian). Yerevan: Voskan Yerevantsi. p. 263. ISBN 9789993000525. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
5. ^ "Hovhannes Katchaznouni". Our Baku (in Russian). Retrieved 2 December 2012.
6. Shaw, Stanford J. (2008). The Ottoman Empire in World War I. Ankara: Turkish Historical Society. p. 862. ISBN 9789751618832. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
7. Khudaverdyan, Konstantine (1990). Concise Armenian Encyclopedia (in Armenian). Yerevan. p. 121. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
8. Khudaverdyan, Konstantine (1990). Concise Armenian Encyclopedia (in Armenian). Yerevan. p. 446-447. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
9. Lahusen, edited by Thomas (1997). Socialist realism without shores. Durham : Duke University Press. p. 97. ISBN 9780822319412. Retrieved 2 December 2012. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
10. Фауллаев Ш. С. - Градостроительство и Архитектура Азербайджана в XIX - нач. XX века, Л., 1986, стр. 182
11. "Nikolai Baev". Our Baku (in Russian). Retrieved 2 December 2012.
12. Opera in Azerbaijan by Azer Rezayev. Azerbaijan International. #5.4. Winter 1997
13. ^ "The Largest KFC In The World Is In Baku". Global Food Mate. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
14. "Hospital Semashko" (in Russian). Ourbaku. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Translated from Russian: The hospital was built by the architect N.G.Baeva in 1914-1918.
15. "Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall: Official Website". Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall. Retrieved 2 December 2012. The Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall was constructed throughout 1910–1912 at the request of the city elite and designed by the architect Gavril Ter-Mikelov in the Italian Renaissance (exterior) and German Rococo (interior) styles.
16. "House Brothers Sadikhov (Baku)" (in Russian). Ourbaku. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Translated from Russian: The architecture of this building, designed by the civil engineer G.M. Termikelova
17. Thomson, Jason (2005). In the shadow of Aliyev : travels in Azerbaijan. London: Bennett & Bloom. p. 70. ISBN 9781898948728. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
18. "The buildings of the historic center of Baku (W - W - E)" (in Russian). Ourbaku. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Translated from Russian. Merkurevskaya Street 39: Commercial School building. Built in 1913. Architect G.M.Ter-Mikelov
19. Ш.Фатуллаев-Фигаров. «Архитектурная энциклопедия Баку». Международная академия архитекутры стран Востока, Баку-Анкара. — И. «Козан Офсет», 1998 — стр. 242, 266—275, 305—374.
20. Waal, Thomas de (2004). Black garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war (. ed.). New York: New York University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780814719459. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
21. ^ Tigranyan, Edmond (2003). Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus (in Armenian). Yerevan: Voskan Yerevantsi. p. 264. ISBN 9789993000525. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
22. "Rotinoff". Retrieved 21 October 2012.
23. Mesrop Vardapet, «Ararat», St. Echmiadzin, 1903
24. "В Баку варварски уничтожается христианско-еврейское кладбище (Christian-Jewish Cemetary Destroyed in Baku)" (in Russian). 9/14/2007. Retrieved 2 December 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
25. "House of Tigran Melikov (Melikyan)". Ourbaku (in Russian). Ourbaku. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Translated from Russian: The three-story building at the Molokan № 27 (Khagani) was built in the early twentieth century (arh. V.S.Sarkisov Prof. Sarkisov, architect) and owned by a local millionaire Tigran Melikov. He also made the designs of the houses on the streets Krasnovodskaya and Nikolaev.
26. "Architects of Azerbaijan 19th and early 20th century" (in Russian). Ourbaku. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Translated from Russian: Residential - 1915 - st. Molokan, 23. This five-storey house - 1917 - Ul.Nikolaevskaya, 11. A three-storey house - 1913 - st. Krasnovodsk, 13
27. "28 MAY DAY FIRST REPUBLIC" (in Russian). May 30, 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
28. АРХИТЕКТОР, краткий биографический справочник союза архитекторов Армении, Автор-составитель - Лия Сафарян, Ер., "Зангак-97"
29. "Armenian Buildings in Baku" (in Russian). Retrieved 4 December 2012. Translated from Russian: The Lenin palace (now Heydar Aliyev Palace), architects - E. Melikhsedekov, R. Torosyan, M. Tovmasyan, A. Avanesov, engineer – K. Kalantar
30. "Armenian buildings in Baku" (in Russian). Retrieved 4 December 2012. Translated from Russian: City Administration, 1904., Architects I. Goslavski, G. Ter-Mikelyan
31. "Vardan Sargsyan". Orientica.net. Retrieved 4 December 2012.

• Armenian diaspora
• Armenians in Azerbaijan
• Armenian architecture