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| The '''Wolf Effect''' (sometimes ''Wolf shift'') is a ] shift in the ].<ref>Emil Wolf, "" (2001) , ISBN 981-02-4204-2. See also: Marco Marnane Capria, '''' (2005) edited by M. Mamone Capria, ISBN 1-58603-462-6. See also: S. Roy, S. Data, in '''' (2002) by Colin Ray Wilks, Richard L Amoroso, Geoffrey Hunter, Menas Kafatos; , ISBN 1-4020-0885-6</ref> | |||
| The biggest side effects of being a wolf when it comes is more aggressive, wanting meat to eat, starting to growl/howl, you howl at the Full Moon, an urge to go outdoors, and a big one for me is probably when the moon starts to come out and you don't have to go to the bathroom your have to go number one and that's happened to me before. Hope this helped a lot if you want more info I'll get more and put more info on! :) | |||
| The phenomenon occurs in several closely related phenomena in ], with analogous effects occurring in the ] of light.<ref name="james">James, Daniel, "" (1998) ''Pure Appl. Opt''. 7: 959-970. (, PDF)</ref> It was first predicted by ] in 1987 <ref name="wolf87nature">Wolf, Emil "" (1987) ''Nature'' 326: 363—365.</ref> <ref>Wolf, Emil, "" (1987) ''Optics Communications'' 62: 12—16.</ref> and subsequently confirmed in the laboratory in acoustic sources by Mark F. Bocko, David H. Douglass, and Robert S. Knox,<ref>Mark F. Bocko, David H. Douglass, and Robert S. Knox, "" (1987) ''Physical Review Letters'' 58: 2649—2651.</ref> and a year later in optic sources by Dean Faklis and George Morris in 1988. <ref>Faklis, Dean, and Morris, George Michael, "" (1988) ''Optics Letters'' 13 (1): 4—6.</ref> | |||
| ==Theoretical description== | |||
| In ], two non-] sources that emit beamed energy can interact in a way that causes a shift in the spectral lines. It is analogous to a pair of tuning forks with similar frequencies (pitches), connected together mechanically with a sounding board; there is a strong coupling that results in the resonant frequencies getting "dragged down" in pitch. The Wolf Effect requires that the waves from the sources are partially ] - the wavefronts being partially in phase. ] light is coherent while candlelight is incoherent, each photon having random phase. It can produce either redshifts or blueshifts, depending on the observer's point of view, but is redshifted when the observer is head-on.<ref name="wolf87nature" /> | |||
| For two sources interacting while separated by a vacuum, the Wolf effect cannot produce shifts greater than the ] of the source ], since it is a position-dependent change in the distribution of the source spectrum, not a method by which new frequencies may be generated. However, when interacting with a medium, in combination with effects such as ] it may produce distorted shifts greater than the linewidth of the source. | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
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Revision as of 22:14, 26 December 2012
The Wolf Effect (sometimes Wolf shift) is a frequency shift in the electromagnetic spectrum. The phenomenon occurs in several closely related phenomena in radiation physics, with analogous effects occurring in the scattering of light. It was first predicted by Emil Wolf in 1987 and subsequently confirmed in the laboratory in acoustic sources by Mark F. Bocko, David H. Douglass, and Robert S. Knox, and a year later in optic sources by Dean Faklis and George Morris in 1988.
Theoretical description
In optics, two non-Lambertian sources that emit beamed energy can interact in a way that causes a shift in the spectral lines. It is analogous to a pair of tuning forks with similar frequencies (pitches), connected together mechanically with a sounding board; there is a strong coupling that results in the resonant frequencies getting "dragged down" in pitch. The Wolf Effect requires that the waves from the sources are partially coherent - the wavefronts being partially in phase. Laser light is coherent while candlelight is incoherent, each photon having random phase. It can produce either redshifts or blueshifts, depending on the observer's point of view, but is redshifted when the observer is head-on.
For two sources interacting while separated by a vacuum, the Wolf effect cannot produce shifts greater than the linewidth of the source spectral line, since it is a position-dependent change in the distribution of the source spectrum, not a method by which new frequencies may be generated. However, when interacting with a medium, in combination with effects such as Brillouin scattering it may produce distorted shifts greater than the linewidth of the source.
Notes
- Emil Wolf, "Selected Works of Emil Wolf: With Commentary" (2001) p.638, ISBN 981-02-4204-2. See also: Marco Marnane Capria, Physics Before and After Einstein (2005) edited by M. Mamone Capria, p.303 ISBN 1-58603-462-6. See also: S. Roy, S. Data, in Gravitation and Cosmology: From the Hubble Radius to the Planck Scale (2002) by Colin Ray Wilks, Richard L Amoroso, Geoffrey Hunter, Menas Kafatos; page 104, ISBN 1-4020-0885-6
- James, Daniel, "The Wolf effect and the redshift of quasars" (1998) Pure Appl. Opt. 7: 959-970. (Full text, PDF)
- ^ Wolf, Emil "Noncosmological redshifts of spectral lines" (1987) Nature 326: 363—365.
- Wolf, Emil, "Redshifts and blueshifts of spectral lines caused by source correlations" (1987) Optics Communications 62: 12—16.
- Mark F. Bocko, David H. Douglass, and Robert S. Knox, "Observation of frequency shifts of spectral lines due to source correlations" (1987) Physical Review Letters 58: 2649—2651.
- Faklis, Dean, and Morris, George Michael, "Spectral shifts produced by source correlations" (1988) Optics Letters 13 (1): 4—6.