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			The earth, together with all of its countries, peoples, and natural features.
	{{Other uses}}
	{{Pp-move-indef}}
	]" photograph of Earth, taken from '']]]
	]
	] combines a modern ] (]) with the ], in origin a symbol of the ]<ref>Jean Chevalier and Alain Gheerbrandt. The Penguin Dictionary of Symbols. Editions Robert Lafont S. A. et Editions Jupiter: Paris, 1982. Penguin Books: London, 1996. pp.142-145</ref>]]

	'''World''' is a common name for the whole of ] ], specifically human ], ], or the ] in general, ''worldwide'', i.e. anywhere on ].<ref></ref>

	In a philosophical context it may refer to:<br>
	# the whole of the physical ], or
	# an ] world (''see ]'').<br>
	In a theological context, ''world'' usually refers to the material or the profane sphere, as opposed to the celestial, spiritual, transcendent or sacred. The "]" refers to scenarios of the final end of human history, often in religious contexts.

	] is commonly understood as spanning the major geopolitical developments of about five millennia, from the ] to the present.

	] is the sum of all human populations at any time; similarly, ] is the sum of the economies of all societies (all countries), especially in the context of ]. Terms like ], ], ] etc. also imply the sum or combination of all current-day ]s.

	In terms such as ], ], and ], ''world'' suggests international or intercontinental scope without necessarily implying participation of the entire world.

	In terms such as ] and ], ''world'' is used in the sense detached from human culture or civilization, referring to the planet ] physically.

	==Etymology and usage==
	The ] word '']'' comes from the ] ''weorold (-uld), weorld, worold (-uld, -eld)'', a compound of '']'' "man" and ''eld'' "age," which thus means roughly "Age of Man."<ref></ref>
	The Old English is a reflex of the ] ''*wira-alđiz'', also reflected in ] ''werold'', ] ''weralt'', ] ''warld'' and ] ''verǫld'' (whence the ] '']'').<ref>Orel, Vladimir (2003). ''A Handbook of Germanic Leiden: Brill. pg. 462. ISBN 90-04-.</ref>

	The corresponding word in ] is ''mundus'', literally "clean, elegant", itself a loan translation of Greek '']'' "orderly arrangement." While the Germanic word thus reflects a mythological notion of a "domain of Man" (compare ]), presumably as opposed to the divine sphere on the one hand and the ] sphere of the underworld on the other, the Greco-Latin term expresses a notion of ] as an act of establishing order out of ].

	'World' distinguishes the entire ] or ] from any particular ] or ]: ''world affairs'' pertain not just to one place but to the whole world, and '']'' is a field of ] that examines events from a global (rather than a national or a regional) perspective. ''Earth'', on the other hand, refers to the planet as a physical entity, and distinguishes it from other planets and physical objects.

	<nowiki>'</nowiki>''World''<nowiki>'</nowiki> can also be used attributively, to mean 'global', 'relating to the whole world', forming usages such as ] or world canonical texts.<ref></ref>

	By extension, a <nowiki>'</nowiki>''world''<nowiki>'</nowiki> may refer to any planet or ], especially when it is thought of as inhabited, especially in the context of ] or ].

	<nowiki>'</nowiki>''World''<nowiki>'</nowiki>, in original sense, when qualified, can also refer to a particular domain of ] ].

	* The ''world of work'' describes paid work and the pursuit of ], in all its social aspects, to distinguish it from home life and ] study.
	* The ''fashion world'' describes the environment of the designers, ]s and ]s that make up the ].
	* historically, the '']'' vs. the '']'', referring to the parts of the world colonized in the wake of the ]. Now mostly used in zoology and botany, as ].

	==Philosophy==
	]'' triptych by ] (c. 1503) shows the "garden" of mundane pleasures flanked by ] and ]. The exterior panel shows the world before the appearance of humanity, depicted as a ] enclosed in a ].]]

	In philosophy, the term world has several possible meanings. In some contexts, it refers to everything that makes up ] or the physical ]. In others, it can mean have a specific ] sense (see ]). While clarifying the ] of world has arguably always been among the basic tasks of ], this theme appears to have been raised explicitly only at the start of the twentieth century<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Heidegger \|first=Martin \|title=Basic Problems of Phenomenology \|location=Bloomington \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|year=1982 \|page=165 \|isbn=0-253-17686-7 }}.</ref> and has been the subject of continuous debate. The question of what the world is has by no means been settled.

	;Parmenides
	The traditional interpretation of ]' work is that he argued that the every-day perception of reality of the physical world (as described in doxa) is mistaken, and that the reality of the world is 'One Being' (as described in aletheia): an unchanging, ungenerated, indestructible whole.

	;Plato
	In his ], ] distinguishes between forms and ideas and imagines two distinct worlds : the sensible world and the intelligible world.

	;Hegel
	In ]'s ], the expression ''Weltgeschichte ist Weltgericht'' (World History is a tribunal that judges the World) is used to assert the view that History is what judges men, their actions and their opinions. Science is born from the desire to transform the World in relation to Man; its final end is technical application.

	;Schopenhauer
	'']'' is the central work of ].
	Schopenhauer saw the human will as our one window to the world behind the representation; the Kantian thing-in-itself. He believed, therefore, that we could gain knowledge about the thing-in-itself, something Kant said was impossible, since the rest of the relationship between representation and thing-in-itself could be understood by analogy to the relationship between human will and human body.

	;Wittgenstein
	Two definitions that were both put forward in the 1920s, however, suggest the range of available opinion. "The world is everything that is the case," wrote ] in his influential '']'', first published in 1922. This definition would serve as the basis of ], with its assumption that there is exactly one world, consisting of the totality of facts, regardless of the interpretations that individual people may make of them.

	;Heidegger
	], meanwhile, argued that "the surrounding world is different for each of us, and notwithstanding that we move about in a common world".<ref>Heidegger (1982), p. 164.</ref> The world, for Heidegger, was that into which we are always already "thrown" and with which we, as beings-in-the-world, must come to terms. His conception of "]" was most notably elaborated in his 1927 work '']''.

	;Freud
	In response, ] proposed that we do not move about in a common world, but a common thought process. He believed that all the actions of a person are motivated by one thing: lust. This led to numerous theories about reactionary consciousness.

	;Other
	Some philosophers, often inspired by ], argue that metaphysical concepts such as possibility, probability and necessity are best analyzed by comparing ''the'' world to a range of ]s; a view commonly known as ].

	==Religion and mythology==
	{{redirect-distinguish\|Carnal\|Carneal\|Karnal}}
	], a modern attempt to reconstruct the Norse ] which connects the ]s, the world, and the ].]]
	] often depict the world as centered around an ] and delimited by a boundary such as a ], a ] or similar. In some religions, worldliness (also called carnality) is that which relates to this world as opposed to other worlds or realms.

	===Buddhism===
	In ], the world means society, as distinct from the ]. It refers to the material world, and to worldly gain such as wealth, reputation, jobs, and war. The spiritual world would be the path to ], and changes would be sought in what we could call the psychological realm.

	===Christianity===
	In ], the term often connotes the concept of the ] and corrupt world order of human society, in contrast to the ]. The world is frequently cited alongside ''the ]'' and ''the ]'' as a source of ] that Christians should flee. ]s speak of striving to be "''in'' this world, but not ''of'' this world"--as ] said, and the term "worldhood" has been distinguished from "monkhood", the former being the status of merchants, princes, and others who deal with "worldly" things.

	This view is clearly expressed by king ] of England (d. 899) in his famous Preface to the '']'':
	{{quote\|"Therefore I command you to do as I believe you are willing to do, that you free yourself from worldly affairs ''(]: woruldðinga)'' as often as you can, so that wherever you can establish that wisdom that God gave you, you establish it. Consider what punishments befell us in this world when we neither loved wisdom at all ourselves, nor transmitted it to other men; we had the name alone that we were Christians, and very few had the practices."}}

	Although Hebrew and Greek words meaning "world" are used in Scripture with the normal variety of senses, many examples of its use in this particular sense can be found in the teachings of ] according to the ], e.g. 7:7, 8:23, 12:25, 14:17, 15:18-19, 17:6-25, 18:36. For contrast, a relatively newer concept is ].

	'']'' is the name given to the recognition that the world, in all its vanity, is nothing more than a futile attempt to hide from God by stifling our desire for the good and the holy.<ref></ref> This view has been criticized as a "pastoral of fear" by modern historian ].<ref></ref>

	During the ], there was a novel attempt to develop a positive theological view of the World, which is illustrated by the pastoral optimism of the constitutions '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''.

	====Eastern Christianity====
	In Eastern Christian monasticism or ] the world of mankind is driven by passions. Therefore the passions of the World are simply called "the world". Each of these passions are a link to the world of mankind or order of human society. Each of these passions must be overcome in order for a person to receive salvation (]). The process of theosis is a personal relationship with God. This understanding is taught within the works of ascetics like ], and the most seminal ascetic works read most widely by Eastern Christians, the ] and the ] (the works of Evagrius and ] are also contained within the Philokalia). At the highest level of world ] is ] which culminates into the ].

	====Orbis Catholicus====
	''Orbis Catholicus'' is a Latin phrase meaning ''Catholic world'', per the expression ], and refers to that area of ] under ]. It is somewhat similar to the phrases secular world, Jewish world and ].

	===Judaism===
	{{Main\|Olam HaZeh}}

	==See also==
	{{portal\|Environment}}
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]

	==References==
	{{Reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

	==External links==
	{{wikiquote}}
	{{commons category\|World}}
	*{{CIA World Factbook link\|xx\|World}}

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Revision as of 02:20, 5 January 2013

The earth, together with all of its countries, peoples, and natural features.