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| '''Red złoty''' ({{lang-pl|czerwony złoty}}) refers to circulating ] ] (also known as Polish ] or ]s) minted in ] (later, the ]) |
'''Red złoty''' ({{lang-pl|czerwony złoty}}) refers to circulating ] ] (also known as Polish ] or ]s) minted in the ] (later, the ])<ref name="Frost2004-16">{{cite book|author=Robert I. Frost|title=After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IfIbP8sfC0wC&pg=PR16|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=11 March 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-54402-3|page=16}}</ref><ref name=dukatgloger/> from 1526 to 1831. | ||
| Whereas ''złoty'' means simply gold in Polish, ''czerwony'' (red) was used to refer to the real gold coins.<ref name=dukatgloger>Zygmunt Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, , 1900—1903</ref><ref name="Słownik języka polskiego: A-F">{{cite book|title=Słownik języka polskiego: A-F|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rs0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA365|accessdate=14 March 2013|year=1807|publisher=W. drukarni XX. Piiarów|page=365}}</ref> | Whereas ''złoty'' means simply gold in Polish, ''czerwony'' (red) was used to refer to the real gold coins.<ref name=dukatgloger>Zygmunt Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, , 1900—1903</ref><ref name="Słownik języka polskiego: A-F">{{cite book|title=Słownik języka polskiego: A-F|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rs0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA365|accessdate=14 March 2013|year=1807|publisher=W. drukarni XX. Piiarów|page=365}}</ref> | ||
| ==Background== | |||
| Earliest Polish gold coinage dates to 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of ]; no more gold coins were minted in Poland till the late 15th century and the reign of ].<ref name=dukatgloger/> The red złoty was different from the Polish ] proper, which was the ] adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.<ref name="Frost2004-16"/> To combat the confusion and ] resulting in different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, ] around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which also saw the introduction of the red złoty, with the introduction of the Złoty system.<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref name="Davies2005=103">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PA103|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=24 February 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925339-5|pages=103–104}}</ref> The last Polish red złoties were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted in the ] in 1831, on the eve of the ].<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gazeta-kolekcjonera.myvimu.com/dukat-powstanczy-1831-kilak-slow-o-pieknej-monecie |title=Dukat powstańczy 1831 – kilka słów o pięknej monecie… |
Earliest Polish gold coinage dates to 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of ]; no more gold coins were minted in Poland till the late 15th century and the reign of ].<ref name=dukatgloger/> The red złoty was different from the Polish ] proper, which was the ] adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.<ref name="Frost2004-16"/> To combat the confusion and ] resulting in different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, ] around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which also saw the introduction of the red złoty, with the introduction of the Złoty system.<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref name="Davies2005=103">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PA103|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=24 February 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925339-5|pages=103–104}}</ref> From 1528 the new coinage was used in ], and in 1569 (following the ] and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the ].<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> The last Polish red złoties were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted in the ] in 1831, on the eve of the ].<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gazeta-kolekcjonera.myvimu.com/dukat-powstanczy-1831-kilak-slow-o-pieknej-monecie |title=Dukat powstańczy 1831 – kilka słów o pięknej monecie… |work=] |date= |accessdate=2013-03-14}}</ref> | ||
| ==Mint and value== | |||
| The red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold.<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver.<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> A monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 ] = 10 ] = 30 ]y = 90 ] = 180 ] = 540 ].<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> |
The red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold.<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver.<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> A monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 ] = 10 ] = 30 ]y = 90 ] = 180 ] = 540 ].<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> | ||
| The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys varied, usually increasing with inflation; for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades;<ref name="Bandtkie1835">{{cite book|author=Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie|title=Dzieje narodu polskiego|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Wz4uAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=14 March 2013|year=1835|publisher=U Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna|page=6}}</ref> in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoties (180 groszy),<ref name="Bajer2012">{{cite book|author=Peter Paul Bajer|title=Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16th to 18th Centuries: The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kzJf9HTGK2kC&pg=PR28|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=2 March 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-21247-3|page=28}}</ref> while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złotys (or 540 groszy).<ref name="Senelick1991">{{cite book|author=Laurence Senelick|title=National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746-1900|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A9JkIiD-z0IC&pg=PA191|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=25 January 1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24446-6|page=191}}</ref><ref name="(ed.)">{{cite book|author=Edward Dąbrowa (ed.)|title=Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, vol. 9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BghzzbRIdP4C&pg=PA57|accessdate=14 March 2013|publisher=Wydawnictwo UJ|isbn=978-83-233-3272-5|page=57}}</ref> | The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys varied, usually increasing with inflation; for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades;<ref name="Bandtkie1835">{{cite book|author=Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie|title=Dzieje narodu polskiego|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Wz4uAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=14 March 2013|year=1835|publisher=U Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna|page=6}}</ref> in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoties (180 groszy),<ref name="Bajer2012">{{cite book|author=Peter Paul Bajer|title=Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16th to 18th Centuries: The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kzJf9HTGK2kC&pg=PR28|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=2 March 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-21247-3|page=28}}</ref> while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złotys (or 540 groszy).<ref name="Senelick1991">{{cite book|author=Laurence Senelick|title=National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746-1900|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A9JkIiD-z0IC&pg=PA191|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=25 January 1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24446-6|page=191}}</ref><ref name="(ed.)">{{cite book|author=Edward Dąbrowa (ed.)|title=Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, vol. 9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BghzzbRIdP4C&pg=PA57|accessdate=14 March 2013|publisher=Wydawnictwo UJ|isbn=978-83-233-3272-5|page=57}}</ref> | ||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| *Grzegorz Wójtowicz, , |
*Grzegorz Wójtowicz, , Bank i Kredyt, listopad-grudzien 2006 | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 18:59, 14 March 2013
Red złoty (Template:Lang-pl) refers to circulating gold coins (also known as Polish ducats or florins) minted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) from 1526 to 1831.
Whereas złoty means simply gold in Polish, czerwony (red) was used to refer to the real gold coins.
Background
Earliest Polish gold coinage dates to 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of Władysław I the Elbow-high; no more gold coins were minted in Poland till the late 15th century and the reign of Alexander Jagiellon. The red złoty was different from the Polish złoty proper, which was the money of account adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496. To combat the confusion and inflation resulting in different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, Sigismund I the Old around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which also saw the introduction of the red złoty, with the introduction of the Złoty system. From 1528 the new coinage was used in Prussia, and in 1569 (following the Union of Lublin and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The last Polish red złoties were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted in the Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the November Uprising.
Mint and value
The red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold. There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver. A monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 szostaki = 10 trojaki = 30 groszy = 90 szlągi = 180 ternarii = 540 denarii.
The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys varied, usually increasing with inflation; for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades; in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoties (180 groszy), while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złotys (or 540 groszy).
See also
References
- ^ Robert I. Frost (11 March 2004). After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-54402-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Zygmunt Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, Dukat, 1900—1903
- Słownik języka polskiego: A-F. W. drukarni XX. Piiarów. 1807. p. 365. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Norman Davies (24 February 2005). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-19-925339-5. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- "Dukat powstańczy 1831 – kilka słów o pięknej monecie…". Gazeta Kolekcjonera. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
- Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie (1835). Dzieje narodu polskiego. U Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna. p. 6. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- Peter Paul Bajer (2 March 2012). Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16th to 18th Centuries: The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group. BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 978-90-04-21247-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- Laurence Senelick (25 January 1991). National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746-1900. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-521-24446-6. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- Edward Dąbrowa (ed.). Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, vol. 9. Wydawnictwo UJ. p. 57. ISBN 978-83-233-3272-5. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)
External links
- Grzegorz Wójtowicz, The Origin and History of the Polish Money. Part I, Bank i Kredyt, listopad-grudzien 2006