List of rulers of Eritrea: Difference between revisions

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			== List of rulers ==

			=== List of Ottoman governors of Egypt (1517–1805) ===

			* ]

			=== List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1914) ===
			{{Main\|List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty}}

			=== List of Grand Viziers of Egypt (1857–1878) ===

			* ] (1857–1858) (1st term)
			* ] (1858–1861)
			* ] (1861–1864) (2nd term)
			* ] (1864–1866) (1st term)
			* ] (1866–1867) (1st term)
			* ] (1867–1868) (2nd term)
			* ] (1868–1872) (2nd term)
			* ] (1872)
			* ] (1872–1878)

			{\|
			\|}

			=== ] (Ottoman Province of Habesh) / Massawa Province ===
			''']''' = ''Governor''
			{\| class="wikitable"
			! width="18%" \|Term
			! width="40%" \|Incumbent
			! width="20%" \|Notes
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\|'''Massawa'''
			\| colspan="2" \|''] Province''
			\|-
			\|<small>1687 — 1663</small>
			\|], <small>Na’ib of ], Wali of ]</small>
			\|<small>Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa</small>
			\|-
			\|1693–1693
			\|Mehmed Pasha
			\|
			\|-
			\|1693–1964
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1694— 1695
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1695–1965
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1793</small>
			\|''']'''
			\| Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa
			\|-
			\|1813 to 1826
			\|]
			\|<small>Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa</small>
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\|'''Egyptian occupation'''
			\| colspan="2" \|''] itself nominally within ]''
			\|-
			\|1690 to 1720
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1770 to 1773
			\|Hasan Amir
			\|
			\|-
			\|1773 to 1787
			\|Muhammad Amir
			\|
			\|-
			\|1787 to 1800
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1800 to 1813
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1813 to 1833</small>
			\|''']'''
			\|<small>Na’ib of Arkiko</small>
			\|-
			\|1833 to 1840
			\|Yahya Ahmad
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1840 to 1844</small>
			\|Muhammad Yahya
			\|Na’ib of Arkiko
			\|-
			\|<small>1844 to 1845</small>
			\|]
			\|Na’ib of Arkiko
			\|-
			\|<small>1845 to 1846</small>
			\|Muhammad Amir
			\|Na’ib of Arkiko
			\|-
			\|<small>1846 to 1848</small>
			\|]
			\|Na’ib of Arkiko
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\| colspan="3" \|'''] Suzerainty'''
			\|-
			\|<small>1848 to 1863</small>
			\|],
			\|Wali of Massawa
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\| colspan="3" \|'''] Province'''
			\|-
			\|<small>1866 to 1867</small>
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1867 to 1867
			\|Omar Agha
			\|
			\|-
			\|1867 to 1869
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1869 to 1869
			\|] (born c. 1834 – died 1883)
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1869 to 1869</small>
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1869 to 1870
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1870 to 1870
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1870 to 1871</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1871 to 1871</small>
			\|Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha (at Sawakin) (born 1825 – died 1874)
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1871 to 1871</small>
			\|Hajj Aman
			\|
			\|-
			\|1871 to 1871
			\|Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq (d. 1883)
			\|(1st time)
			\|-
			\|<small>1871 to 1873</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa, then Governor-General of the Eastern Sudan and the Red Sea Coast until November 1875</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|1873 to 1874
			\|] (born 1832 – died 1875)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1874 to 1874
			\|]
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1874 to November 1875</small>
			\|] (born 1832 – died 1875)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1875 to 1876
			\|Uthman Rifiq Pasha (born 1839 – died 1886)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1876 to 1879
			\| ]
			\|
			\|-
			\|1879 to 1882
			\|Khurshid Bey Pertev
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>December 1882 to 28 June 1882</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1882 to December 1882</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1883 to 1884</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa. (born 1835 – died 1897)</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1884</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|1884 to 1884
			\|] (born 1834 – died 1888)
			\|<small>Acting governor of Massawa (made the British Protectorate over this province reality)</small>
			\|-
			\|<small>1884 to 1885</small>
			\|''']''', <small>Wali of Massawa</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\| colspan="3" \|]
			\|-
			\|1885 to 1885
			\|] (commercial agent) (born 1811 – died 1895)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1885 to 1885
			\|] (born 1842 – died 1928)
			\|
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\| colspan="3" \|'''Italian Suzerainty'''
			\|-
			\|<small>1885 to 1885</small>
			\|], <small>Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>5 February 1885 to ''6 February 1885''</small>
			\|], <small>Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|1885 to 1885
			\|] (born c. 1853 – died ....)
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>''February 1885'' to 14 November 1885</small>
			\|], <small>Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>5 December 1885 to 22 April 1887</small>
			\|], <small>Superior Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>22 April 1887 to 10 November 1887</small>
			\|]
			\|<small>2nd Term</small>
			\|-
			\|<small>November 1887 to 1888</small>
			\|''']'''
			\|
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\| colspan="3" \|'''Assab Protectorate'''
			\|-
			\|1888 to 1888
			\|] (born 1835 – died 1899)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1888 to 1888
			\|]
			\|Giovanni Galeazzo Frigerio (born 1841 – died 1921)
			\|-
			\|<small>1888 to 20 December 1889</small>
			\|''']'''
			\|
			\|-
			\|20 December 1889 <small>to 20 December 1889</small>
			\|] (born 1850 – died 1930)
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>20 December 1889 to ''1 January 1890''</small>
			\|], <small>Commandan</small>
			\|
			\|}

			=== Eritrea ===
			Before the official creation of Italian Eritrea (''Colonia Eritrea'') in 1890, the territory had seven interim governors: ] (1882 to 1885), ] (1885), ] (1885), Matteo Albertone (1886 to 1887), ] (1887), ] (1888) and ] (1889).

			Complete list of Italian Governors of Eritrea:
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!Tenure<ref>Dates in ''italics'' indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office</ref>
			! width="60px" \|Portrait
			!Incumbent
			!Notes
			\|-
			! colspan="4" \|]
			\|-
			\|1885 to 1885
			\|
			\|Pietro Caimi (born 1830 – died 1886)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1885 to 1886
			\|
			\|] (1st time) (born 1843 – died 1909)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1886 to 1886
			\|
			\|] (superior commandant) (born 1836 – died 1890)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1886 to 1887
			\|
			\|] (born 1838 – died 1917)
			\|
			\|-
			\|1887 to 1890
			\|
			\|] (born 1830 – died 1906)
			\|
			\|-
			! colspan="4" \|'''Italian Eritrea Colony'''
			\|-
			\|<small>1 January 1890 to 30 June 1890</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>30 June 1890 to 28 February 1892</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>28 February 1892 to 22 February 1896</small>
			\|]
			\|''']''', <small>Commandant</small>
			\|<small>Commander of the ] in the ]</small>
			\|-
			\|<small>22 February 1896 to 16 December 1897</small>
			\|]
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>16 December 1897 to 25 March 1907</small>
			\|]
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>25 March 1907 to 17 August 1915</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>17 August 1915 to 16 September 1916</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>acting Governor</small>
			\|<small>1st term</small>
			\|-
			\|<small>16 September 1916 to 20 July 1919</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>20 July 1919 to 20 November 1920</small>
			\|
			\|], <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>20 November 1920 to 14 April 1921</small>
			\|
			\|], <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>14 April 1921 to 1 June 1923</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|<small>2nd term</small>
			\|-
			\|<small>1 June 1923 to 1 June 1928</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1 June 1928 to 11 July 1930</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>11 July 1930 to 15 January 1935</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>15 January 1935 to 18 January 1935</small>
			\|
			\|], <small>acting Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>18 January 1935 to 22 November 1935</small>
			\|]
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>22 November 1935 to 22 May 1936</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\| colspan="4" \|'''Eritrea Governorate'''
			\|- style="vertical-align:top"
			\| colspan="4" \|''Part of ]''
			\|-
			\|<small>1 June 1936 to 1 April 1937</small>
			\|]
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>1 April 1937 to 15 December 1937</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governo</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>15 December 1937 to 2 June 1940</small>
			\|
			\|''']''', <small>Governor</small>
			\|
			\|-
			\|<small>2 June 1940 to 19 May 1941</small>
			\|
			\|''']''',
			\|
			\|}
			From 1936, the colony of Eritrea was increased in size and called ], as part of ] (AOI). The Italian governors were under direct orders of the ] (representing the now-] and ] ])

Revision as of 11:37, 7 December 2024

Redirect to:

Politics of Eritrea

List of rulers

List of Ottoman governors of Egypt (1517–1805)

List of Ottoman governors of Egypt

List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1914)

Main article: List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty

List of Grand Viziers of Egypt (1857–1878)

Zulfiqar Pasha (1857–1858) (1st term)
Mustafa Naili (1858–1861)
Zulfiqar Pasha (1861–1864) (2nd term)
Raghib Pasha (1864–1866) (1st term)
Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1866–1867) (1st term)
Raghib Pasha (1867–1868) (2nd term)
Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1868–1872) (2nd term)
Nubar Pasha (1872)
Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha (1872–1878)

Habesh Eyaleti (Ottoman Province of Habesh) / Massawa Province

Wali = Governor

Term	Incumbent	Notes
Massawa	Ottoman Province
1687 — 1663	Keki Abdi Pasha, Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa	Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa
1693–1693	Mehmed Pasha
1693–1964	Abaza Mustafa Pasha
1694— 1695	Misirli Mehmed Pasha
1695–1965	Gümrükçü Süleyman Pasha
1793	Ahmad Hasan	Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa
1813 to 1826	Idris bin Utman	Na’ib of Arkiko, Wali of Massawa
Egyptian occupation	Egypt itself nominally within Ottoman Empire
1690 to 1720	Amir bin Ali
1770 to 1773	Hasan Amir
1773 to 1787	Muhammad Amir
1787 to 1800	Uthman Amir
1800 to 1813	Idris bin Uthman
1813 to 1833	Turkci Bilmaz	Na’ib of Arkiko
1833 to 1840	Yahya Ahmad
1840 to 1844	Muhammad Yahya	Na’ib of Arkiko
1844 to 1845	Hasan Idris	Na’ib of Arkiko
1845 to 1846	Muhammad Amir	Na’ib of Arkiko
1846 to 1848	Idris Hasan	Na’ib of Arkiko
Ottoman Suzerainty
1848 to 1863	Rustam Agha,	Wali of Massawa
Egyptian Province
1866 to 1867	Ismail Haqqi
1867 to 1867	Omar Agha
1867 to 1869	Ibrahim Pasha
1869 to 1869	Muhammad Rasikh Bey (born c. 1834 – died 1883)
1869 to 1869	Abdallah Halil Efendi
1869 to 1870	Hasan Bey Rifat
1870 to 1870	Abdalkadir
1870 to 1871	Aladdin Pasha Siddiq, Wali of Massawa
1871 to 1871	Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha (at Sawakin) (born 1825 – died 1874)
1871 to 1871	Hajj Aman
1871 to 1871	Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq (d. 1883)	(1st time)
1871 to 1873	Werner Munzinger, Wali of Massawa, then Governor-General of the Eastern Sudan and the Red Sea Coast until November 1875
1873 to 1874	Johann Albert Werner (born 1832 – died 1875)
1874 to 1874	Munzinger Pasha
1874 to November 1875	Arakel Bey Abroyan (born 1832 – died 1875)
1875 to 1876	Uthman Rifiq Pasha (born 1839 – died 1886)
1876 to 1879	Mohammed Ratib Pasha
1879 to 1882	Khurshid Bey Pertev
December 1882 to 28 June 1882	Giulio Pestalozza, Commandant
1882 to December 1882	Hursid Bey Pertev, Wali of Massawa
1883 to 1884	Muhammad Muhtar Pasha, Wali of Massawa. (born 1835 – died 1897)
1884	Mason Bey, Wali of Massawa
1884 to 1884	William Nathan Wrighte Hewett (born 1834 – died 1888)	Acting governor of Massawa (made the British Protectorate over this province reality)
1884 to 1885	Izzet Bey, Wali of Massawa
Italian Civil Commissioners of Assab
1885 to 1885	Giuseppe Sapeto (commercial agent) (born 1811 – died 1895)
1885 to 1885	Giovanni Branchi (born 1842 – died 1928)
Italian Suzerainty
1885 to 1885	Marcopoli Bey, Commandant
5 February 1885 to 6 February 1885	Franz Hassen Bey, Commandant
1885 to 1885	Charles Rigolet (born c. 1853 – died ....)
February 1885 to 14 November 1885	Tancredi Saletta, Commandant
5 December 1885 to 22 April 1887	Vittorio Dabormida, Superior Commandant
22 April 1887 to 10 November 1887	Tancredi Saletta	2nd Term
November 1887 to 1888	Alessandro Asinari di San Marzano
Assab Protectorate
1888 to 1888	Carlo De Amezaga (born 1835 – died 1899)
1888 to 1888	Giovanni Galeazzo Frigerio	Giovanni Galeazzo Frigerio (born 1841 – died 1921)
1888 to 20 December 1889	Antonio Baldissera
20 December 1889 to 20 December 1889	Giulio Pestalozza (born 1850 – died 1930)
20 December 1889 to 1 January 1890	Baldassarre Orero, Commandan

Eritrea

Before the official creation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea) in 1890, the territory had seven interim governors: Giovanni Branchi (1882 to 1885), Alessandro Caimi (1885), Tancredi Saletta (1885), Matteo Albertone (1886 to 1887), Tancredi Saletta (1887), Alessandro Di San Marzano (1888) and Antonio Baldissera (1889).

Complete list of Italian Governors of Eritrea:

Tenure	Incumbent	Notes
Commandants of Massawa
1885 to 1885	Pietro Caimi (born 1830 – died 1886)
1885 to 1886	Tancredi Saletta (1st time) (born 1843 – died 1909)
1886 to 1886	Carlo Gené (superior commandant) (born 1836 – died 1890)
1886 to 1887	Antonio Baldissera (born 1838 – died 1917)
1887 to 1890	Alessandro Asinari di San Marzano (born 1830 – died 1906)
Italian Eritrea Colony
1 January 1890 to 30 June 1890	Baldassarre Orero, Commandant
30 June 1890 to 28 February 1892	Antonio Gandolfi, Commandant
28 February 1892 to 22 February 1896	Oreste Baratieri, Commandant	Commander of the Royal Italian Army in the Battle of Adwa
22 February 1896 to 16 December 1897	Antonio Baldissera, Governor
16 December 1897 to 25 March 1907	Ferdinando Martini, Governor
25 March 1907 to 17 August 1915	Giuseppe Salvago Raggi, Governor
17 August 1915 to 16 September 1916	Giovanni Cerrina Feroni, acting Governor	1st term
16 September 1916 to 20 July 1919	Giacomo De Martino, Governor
20 July 1919 to 20 November 1920	Camillo de Camillis, Governor
20 November 1920 to 14 April 1921	Ludovico Pollera, Governor
14 April 1921 to 1 June 1923	Giovanni Cerrina Feroni, Governor	2nd term
1 June 1923 to 1 June 1928	Jacopo Gasparini, Governor
1 June 1928 to 11 July 1930	Corrado Zoli, Governor
11 July 1930 to 15 January 1935	Riccardo Astuto dei Duchi di Lucchesi, Governor
15 January 1935 to 18 January 1935	Ottone Gabelli, acting Governor
18 January 1935 to 22 November 1935	Emilio De Bono, Governor
22 November 1935 to 22 May 1936	Pietro Badoglio, Governor
Eritrea Governorate
Part of Italian East Africa
1 June 1936 to 1 April 1937	Alfredo Guzzoni, Governor
1 April 1937 to 15 December 1937	Vincenzo De Feo, Governo
15 December 1937 to 2 June 1940	Giuseppe Daodice, Governor
2 June 1940 to 19 May 1941	Luigi Frusci,

From 1936, the colony of Eritrea was increased in size and called Eritrea Governorate, as part of Africa Orientale Italiana (AOI). The Italian governors were under direct orders of the Viceroy (representing the now-King and Emperor Vittorio Emanuele)

Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office