Thousand Character Classic: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:47, 12 June 2006 editWinhunter (talk \| contribs)14,068 editsm Clean up and/or Unicodifying using AWB ← Previous edit		Revision as of 16:05, 13 June 2006 edit undo82.46.206.230 (talk) the poemNext edit →
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	{\| class="wikitable" align="right"		{\| class="wikitable" align="right"
	! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFCCCC" \| ''Thousand Character Classic''		! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFCCCC" \| ''Thousand Character Classic''
			the poem
			count Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese

			001-016
			017-032
			033-048
			049-064
			065-080
			081-096
			097-112
			113-128
			129-144
			145-160
			161-176
			177-192
			193-208
			209-224
			225-240
			241-256
			257-272
			273-288
			289-304
			305-320
			321-336
			337-352
			353-368
			369-384
			385-400
			401-416
			417-432
			433-448
			449-464
			465-480
			481-496
			497-512
			513-528
			529-544
			545-560
			561-576
			577-592
			593-608
			609-624
			625-640
			641-656
			657-672
			673-688
			689-704
			705-720
			721-736
			737-752
			753-768
			769-784
			785-800
			801-816
			817-832
			833-848
			849-864
			865-880
			881-896
			897-912
			913-928
			929-944
			945-960
			961-976
			977-992
			993-000 《千字文》
			天地玄黃，宇宙洪荒。日月盈昃，辰宿列張。
			寒來暑往，秋收冬藏。閏余成歲，律呂調陽。
			雲騰致雨，露結為霜。金生麗水，玉出崑岡。
			劍號巨闕，珠稱夜光。果珍李柰，菜重芥薑。
			海鹹河淡，鱗潛羽翔。龍師火帝，鳥官人皇。
			始制文字，乃服衣裳。推位讓國，有虞陶唐。
			弔民伐罪，周發商湯。坐朝問道，垂拱平章。
			愛育黎首，臣伏戎羌。遐邇壹體，率賓歸王。
			鳴鳳在竹，白駒食場。化被草木，賴及萬方。
			蓋此身髮，四大五常。恭惟鞠養，豈敢毀傷。
			女慕貞潔，男效才良。知過必改，得能莫忘。
			罔談彼短，靡恃己長。信使可覆，器欲難量。
			墨悲絲染，詩讚羔羊。景行維賢，克念作聖。
			德建名立，形端表正。空谷傳聲，虛堂習聽。
			禍因惡積，福緣善慶。尺璧非寶，寸陰是競。
			資父事君，曰嚴與敬。孝當竭力，忠則盡命。
			臨深履薄，夙興溫清。似蘭斯馨，如松之盛。
			川流不息，淵澄取映。容止若思，言辭安定。
			篤初誠美，慎終宜令。榮業所基，籍甚無竟。
			學優登仕，攝職從政。存以甘棠，去而益詠。
			樂殊貴賤，禮別尊卑。上和下睦，夫唱婦隨。
			外受傅訓，入奉母儀。諸姑伯叔，猶子比兒。
			孔懷兄弟，同氣連枝。交友投分，切磨箴規。
			仁慈隱惻，造次弗離。節義廉退，顛沛匪虧。
			性靜情逸，心動神疲。守真志滿，逐物意移。
			堅持雅操，好爵自縻。都邑華夏，東西二京。
			背邙面洛，浮渭據涇。宮殿盤鬱，樓觀飛驚。
			圖寫禽獸，畫綵仙靈。丙舍傍啟，甲帳對楹。
			肆筵設席，鼓瑟吹笙。陞階納陛，弁轉疑星。
			右通廣內，左達承明。既集墳典，亦聚群英。
			杜稿鐘隸，漆書壁經。府羅將相，路俠槐卿。
			戶封八縣，家給千兵。高冠陪輦，驅轂振纓。
			世祿侈富，車駕肥輕。策功茂實，勒碑刻銘。
			磻溪伊尹，佐時阿衡。奄宅曲阜，微旦孰營。
			桓公匡合，濟弱扶傾。綺迥漢惠，說感武丁。
			俊乂密勿，多士寔寧。晉楚更霸，趙魏困橫。
			假途滅虢，踐土會盟。何遵約法，韓弊煩刑。
			起翦頗牧，用軍最精。宣威沙漠，馳譽丹青。
			九州禹跡，百郡秦并。嶽宗泰岱，禪主云亭。
			雁門紫塞，雞田赤城。昆池碣石，鉅野洞庭。
			曠遠綿邈，巖岫杳冥。治本於農，務茲稼穡。
			俶載南畝，我蓺黍稷。稅熟貢新，勸賞黜陟。
			孟軻敦素，史魚秉直。庶幾中庸，勞謙謹敕。
			聆音察理，鑑貌辨色。貽厥嘉猷，勉其祇植。
			省躬譏誡，寵增抗極。殆辱近恥，林皋幸即。
			兩疏見機，解組誰逼。索居閒處，沉默寂寥。
			求古尋論，散慮逍遙。欣奏累遣，慼謝歡招。
			渠荷的歷，園莽抽條。枇杷晚翠，梧桐早凋。
			陳根委翳，落葉飄颻。游鯤獨運，凌摩絳霄。
			耽讀翫市，寓目囊箱。易輶攸畏，屬耳垣牆。
			具膳餐飯，適口充腸。飽飫烹宰，饑厭糟糠。
			親戚故舊，老少異糧。妾御織紡，侍巾帷房。
			紈扇圓絜，銀燭煒煌。晝眠夕寐，藍筍象床。
			絃歌酒讌，接杯舉觴。矯手頓足，悅豫且康。
			嫡後嗣續，祭祀蒸嘗。稽顙再拜，悚懼恐惶。
			牋牒簡要，顧答審詳。骸垢想浴，執熱願涼。
			驢騾犢特，駭躍超驤。誅斬賊盜，捕獲叛亡。
			布射遼丸，嵇琴阮嘯。恬筆倫紙，鈞巧任釣。
			釋紛利俗，並皆佳妙。毛施淑姿，工顰妍笑。
			年矢每催，曦暉朗曜。璇璣懸斡，晦魄環照。
			指薪修祜，永綏吉劭。矩步引領，俯仰廊廟。
			束帶矜莊，徘徊瞻眺。孤陋寡聞，愚蒙等誚。
			謂語助者，焉哉乎也。《千字文》
			天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。日月盈昃，辰宿列张。
			寒来暑往，秋收冬藏。闰余成岁，律吕调阳。
			云腾致雨，露结为霜。金生丽水，玉出崑冈。
			剑号巨阙，珠称夜光。果珍李柰，菜重芥姜。
			海咸河淡，鳞潜羽翔。龙师火帝，鸟官人皇。
			始制文字，乃服衣裳。推位让国，有虞陶唐。
			弔民伐罪，周发商汤。坐朝问道，垂拱平章。
			爱育黎首，臣伏戎羌。遐迩壹体，率宾归王。
			鸣凤在竹，白驹食场。化被草木，赖及万方。
			盖此身发，四大五常。恭惟鞠养，岂敢毁伤。
			女慕贞洁，男效才良。知过必改，得能莫忘。
			罔谈彼短，靡恃己长。信使可覆，器欲难量。
			墨悲丝染，诗讚羔羊。景行维贤，克念作圣。
			德建名立，形端表正。空谷传声，虚堂习听。
			祸因恶积，福缘善庆。尺璧非宝，寸阴是竞。
			资父事君，曰严与敬。孝当竭力，忠则尽命。
			临深履薄，夙兴温清。似兰斯馨，如松之盛。
			川流不息，渊澄取映。容止若思，言辞安定。
			笃初诚美，慎终宜令。荣业所基，籍甚无竟。
			学优登仕，摄职从政。存以甘棠，去而益咏。
			乐殊贵贱，礼别尊卑。上和下睦，夫唱妇随。
			外受傅训，入奉母仪。诸姑伯叔，犹子比儿。
			孔怀兄弟，同气连枝。交友投分，切磨箴规。
			仁慈隐恻，造次弗离。节义廉退，颠沛匪亏。
			性静情逸，心动神疲。守真志满，逐物意移。
			坚持雅操，好爵自縻。都邑华夏，东西二京。
			背邙面洛，浮渭据泾。宫殿盘郁，楼观飞惊。
			图写禽兽，画彩仙灵。丙舍傍启，甲帐对楹。
			肆筵设席，鼓瑟吹笙。升阶纳陛，弁转疑星。
			右通广内，左达承明。既集坟典，亦聚群英。
			杜稿钟隶，漆书壁经。府罗将相，路侠槐卿。
			户封八县，家给千兵。高冠陪辇，驱毂振缨。
			世禄侈富，车驾肥轻。策功茂实，勒碑刻铭。
			磻溪伊尹，佐时阿衡。奄宅曲阜，微旦孰营。
			桓公匡合，济弱扶倾。绮迥汉惠，说感武丁。
			俊乂密勿，多士寔宁。晋楚更霸，赵魏困横。
			假途灭虢，践土会盟。何遵约法，韩弊烦刑。
			起翦颇牧，用军最精。宣威沙漠，驰誉丹青。
			九州禹迹，百郡秦并。嶽宗泰岱，禅主云亭。
			雁门紫塞，鸡田赤城。昆池碣石，钜野洞庭。
			旷远绵邈，巖岫杳冥。治本于农，务兹稼穑。
			俶载南亩，我蓺黍稷。税熟贡新，劝赏黜陟。
			孟轲敦素，史鱼秉直。庶几中庸，劳谦谨敕。
			聆音察理，鉴貌辨色。贻厥嘉猷，勉其祇植。
			省躬讥诫，宠增抗极。殆辱近耻，林皋幸即。
			两疏见机，解组谁逼。索居閒处，沉默寂寥。
			求古寻论，散虑逍遥。欣奏累遣，戚谢欢招。
			渠荷的历，园莽抽条。枇杷晚翠，梧桐早凋。
			陈根委翳，落叶飘飖。游鲲独运，凌摩绛霄。
			耽读翫市，寓目囊箱。易輶攸畏，属耳垣墙。
			具膳餐饭，适口充肠。饱饫烹宰，饥厌糟糠。
			亲戚故旧，老少异粮。妾御织纺，侍巾帷房。
			纨扇圆絜，银烛炜煌。昼眠夕寐，蓝笋象床。
			弦歌酒䜩，接杯举觞。矫手顿足，悦豫且康。
			嫡后嗣续，祭祀蒸尝。稽颡再拜，悚惧恐惶。
			笺牒简要，顾答审详。骸垢想浴，执热愿凉。
			驴骡犊特，骇跃超骧。诛斩贼盗，捕获叛亡。
			布射辽丸，嵇琴阮啸。恬笔伦纸，钧巧任钓。
			释纷利俗，并皆佳妙。毛施淑姿，工颦妍笑。
			年矢每催，曦晖朗曜。璇玑悬斡，晦魄环照。
			指薪修祜，永绥吉劭。矩步引领，俯仰廊庙。
			束带矜庄，徘徊瞻眺。孤陋寡闻，愚蒙等诮。
			谓语助者，焉哉乎也。
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| Chinese Name		! colspan="2" \| Chinese Name

Revision as of 16:05, 13 June 2006

Thousand Character Classic the poem count Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese 001-016 017-032 033-048 049-064 065-080 081-096 097-112 113-128 129-144 145-160 161-176 177-192 193-208 209-224 225-240 241-256 257-272 273-288 289-304 305-320 321-336 337-352 353-368 369-384 385-400 401-416 417-432 433-448 449-464 465-480 481-496 497-512 513-528 529-544 545-560 561-576 577-592 593-608 609-624 625-640 641-656 657-672 673-688 689-704 705-720 721-736 737-752 753-768 769-784 785-800 801-816 817-832 833-848 849-864 865-880 881-896 897-912 913-928 929-944 945-960 961-976 977-992 993-000 《千字文》天地玄黃，宇宙洪荒。日月盈昃，辰宿列張。寒來暑往，秋收冬藏。閏余成歲，律呂調陽。雲騰致雨，露結為霜。金生麗水，玉出崑岡。劍號巨闕，珠稱夜光。果珍李柰，菜重芥薑。海鹹河淡，鱗潛羽翔。龍師火帝，鳥官人皇。始制文字，乃服衣裳。推位讓國，有虞陶唐。弔民伐罪，周發商湯。坐朝問道，垂拱平章。愛育黎首，臣伏戎羌。遐邇壹體，率賓歸王。鳴鳳在竹，白駒食場。化被草木，賴及萬方。蓋此身髮，四大五常。恭惟鞠養，豈敢毀傷。女慕貞潔，男效才良。知過必改，得能莫忘。罔談彼短，靡恃己長。信使可覆，器欲難量。墨悲絲染，詩讚羔羊。景行維賢，克念作聖。德建名立，形端表正。空谷傳聲，虛堂習聽。禍因惡積，福緣善慶。尺璧非寶，寸陰是競。資父事君，曰嚴與敬。孝當竭力，忠則盡命。臨深履薄，夙興溫清。似蘭斯馨，如松之盛。川流不息，淵澄取映。容止若思，言辭安定。篤初誠美，慎終宜令。榮業所基，籍甚無竟。學優登仕，攝職從政。存以甘棠，去而益詠。樂殊貴賤，禮別尊卑。上和下睦，夫唱婦隨。外受傅訓，入奉母儀。諸姑伯叔，猶子比兒。孔懷兄弟，同氣連枝。交友投分，切磨箴規。仁慈隱惻，造次弗離。節義廉退，顛沛匪虧。性靜情逸，心動神疲。守真志滿，逐物意移。堅持雅操，好爵自縻。都邑華夏，東西二京。背邙面洛，浮渭據涇。宮殿盤鬱，樓觀飛驚。圖寫禽獸，畫綵仙靈。丙舍傍啟，甲帳對楹。肆筵設席，鼓瑟吹笙。陞階納陛，弁轉疑星。右通廣內，左達承明。既集墳典，亦聚群英。杜稿鐘隸，漆書壁經。府羅將相，路俠槐卿。戶封八縣，家給千兵。高冠陪輦，驅轂振纓。世祿侈富，車駕肥輕。策功茂實，勒碑刻銘。磻溪伊尹，佐時阿衡。奄宅曲阜，微旦孰營。桓公匡合，濟弱扶傾。綺迥漢惠，說感武丁。俊乂密勿，多士寔寧。晉楚更霸，趙魏困橫。假途滅虢，踐土會盟。何遵約法，韓弊煩刑。起翦頗牧，用軍最精。宣威沙漠，馳譽丹青。九州禹跡，百郡秦并。嶽宗泰岱，禪主云亭。雁門紫塞，雞田赤城。昆池碣石，鉅野洞庭。曠遠綿邈，巖岫杳冥。治本於農，務茲稼穡。俶載南畝，我蓺黍稷。稅熟貢新，勸賞黜陟。孟軻敦素，史魚秉直。庶幾中庸，勞謙謹敕。聆音察理，鑑貌辨色。貽厥嘉猷，勉其祇植。省躬譏誡，寵增抗極。殆辱近恥，林皋幸即。兩疏見機，解組誰逼。索居閒處，沉默寂寥。求古尋論，散慮逍遙。欣奏累遣，慼謝歡招。渠荷的歷，園莽抽條。枇杷晚翠，梧桐早凋。陳根委翳，落葉飄颻。游鯤獨運，凌摩絳霄。耽讀翫市，寓目囊箱。易輶攸畏，屬耳垣牆。具膳餐飯，適口充腸。飽飫烹宰，饑厭糟糠。親戚故舊，老少異糧。妾御織紡，侍巾帷房。紈扇圓絜，銀燭煒煌。晝眠夕寐，藍筍象床。絃歌酒讌，接杯舉觴。矯手頓足，悅豫且康。嫡後嗣續，祭祀蒸嘗。稽顙再拜，悚懼恐惶。牋牒簡要，顧答審詳。骸垢想浴，執熱願涼。驢騾犢特，駭躍超驤。誅斬賊盜，捕獲叛亡。布射遼丸，嵇琴阮嘯。恬筆倫紙，鈞巧任釣。釋紛利俗，並皆佳妙。毛施淑姿，工顰妍笑。年矢每催，曦暉朗曜。璇璣懸斡，晦魄環照。指薪修祜，永綏吉劭。矩步引領，俯仰廊廟。束帶矜莊，徘徊瞻眺。孤陋寡聞，愚蒙等誚。謂語助者，焉哉乎也。《千字文》天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。日月盈昃，辰宿列张。寒来暑往，秋收冬藏。闰余成岁，律吕调阳。云腾致雨，露结为霜。金生丽水，玉出崑冈。剑号巨阙，珠称夜光。果珍李柰，菜重芥姜。海咸河淡，鳞潜羽翔。龙师火帝，鸟官人皇。始制文字，乃服衣裳。推位让国，有虞陶唐。弔民伐罪，周发商汤。坐朝问道，垂拱平章。爱育黎首，臣伏戎羌。遐迩壹体，率宾归王。鸣凤在竹，白驹食场。化被草木，赖及万方。盖此身发，四大五常。恭惟鞠养，岂敢毁伤。女慕贞洁，男效才良。知过必改，得能莫忘。罔谈彼短，靡恃己长。信使可覆，器欲难量。墨悲丝染，诗讚羔羊。景行维贤，克念作圣。德建名立，形端表正。空谷传声，虚堂习听。祸因恶积，福缘善庆。尺璧非宝，寸阴是竞。资父事君，曰严与敬。孝当竭力，忠则尽命。临深履薄，夙兴温清。似兰斯馨，如松之盛。川流不息，渊澄取映。容止若思，言辞安定。笃初诚美，慎终宜令。荣业所基，籍甚无竟。学优登仕，摄职从政。存以甘棠，去而益咏。乐殊贵贱，礼别尊卑。上和下睦，夫唱妇随。外受傅训，入奉母仪。诸姑伯叔，犹子比儿。孔怀兄弟，同气连枝。交友投分，切磨箴规。仁慈隐恻，造次弗离。节义廉退，颠沛匪亏。性静情逸，心动神疲。守真志满，逐物意移。坚持雅操，好爵自縻。都邑华夏，东西二京。背邙面洛，浮渭据泾。宫殿盘郁，楼观飞惊。图写禽兽，画彩仙灵。丙舍傍启，甲帐对楹。肆筵设席，鼓瑟吹笙。升阶纳陛，弁转疑星。右通广内，左达承明。既集坟典，亦聚群英。杜稿钟隶，漆书壁经。府罗将相，路侠槐卿。户封八县，家给千兵。高冠陪辇，驱毂振缨。世禄侈富，车驾肥轻。策功茂实，勒碑刻铭。磻溪伊尹，佐时阿衡。奄宅曲阜，微旦孰营。桓公匡合，济弱扶倾。绮迥汉惠，说感武丁。俊乂密勿，多士寔宁。晋楚更霸，赵魏困横。假途灭虢，践土会盟。何遵约法，韩弊烦刑。起翦颇牧，用军最精。宣威沙漠，驰誉丹青。九州禹迹，百郡秦并。嶽宗泰岱，禅主云亭。雁门紫塞，鸡田赤城。昆池碣石，钜野洞庭。旷远绵邈，巖岫杳冥。治本于农，务兹稼穑。俶载南亩，我蓺黍稷。税熟贡新，劝赏黜陟。孟轲敦素，史鱼秉直。庶几中庸，劳谦谨敕。聆音察理，鉴貌辨色。贻厥嘉猷，勉其祇植。省躬讥诫，宠增抗极。殆辱近耻，林皋幸即。两疏见机，解组谁逼。索居閒处，沉默寂寥。求古寻论，散虑逍遥。欣奏累遣，戚谢欢招。渠荷的历，园莽抽条。枇杷晚翠，梧桐早凋。陈根委翳，落叶飘飖。游鲲独运，凌摩绛霄。耽读翫市，寓目囊箱。易輶攸畏，属耳垣墙。具膳餐饭，适口充肠。饱饫烹宰，饥厌糟糠。亲戚故旧，老少异粮。妾御织纺，侍巾帷房。纨扇圆絜，银烛炜煌。昼眠夕寐，蓝笋象床。弦歌酒䜩，接杯举觞。矫手顿足，悦豫且康。嫡后嗣续，祭祀蒸尝。稽颡再拜，悚惧恐惶。笺牒简要，顾答审详。骸垢想浴，执热愿凉。驴骡犊特，骇跃超骧。诛斩贼盗，捕获叛亡。布射辽丸，嵇琴阮啸。恬笔伦纸，钧巧任钓。释纷利俗，并皆佳妙。毛施淑姿，工颦妍笑。年矢每催，曦晖朗曜。璇玑悬斡，晦魄环照。指薪修祜，永绥吉劭。矩步引领，俯仰廊庙。束带矜庄，徘徊瞻眺。孤陋寡闻，愚蒙等诮。谓语助者，焉哉乎也。
Chinese Name
Chinese characters	千字文
Pinyin	Qiānzìwén
Wade-Giles	Ch'ien-tzu-wen
Korean Name
Revised Romanization	Cheonjamun
McCune-Reischauer	Ch'ŏnjamun
Hangul	천자문
Hanja	千字文
Japanese Name
Kanji	千字文
Hepburn	Senjimon
Vietnamese Name
Quốc ngữ	Thiên tự văn
Hán Tự	千字文

The Thousand Character Classic (千字文) is a Chinese poem used as a primer for teaching Chinese characters to children. It contains exactly one thousand unique characters. It is said that Emperor Wu (梁武帝) of the Liang Dynasty (r. 502-549) made Zhou Xingsi (周興嗣) compose this poem for his prince to practice calligraphy. The original title of the poem was 《次韻王羲之書千字》.

Composition

The Thousand Character Classic is composed of 250 phrases of 4 characters each from "Tian Di Xuan Huang" (天地玄黃) to "Yan Zai Hu Ye" (焉哉乎也). It was selected among the calligraphies of Wang Xizhi (王羲之), one of the finest writers in China, and composed by Zhou Xingsi, who lived from 470 to 521 in the Liang country in the Southern Dynasty period (南朝). The characters of the poem were sometimes used to represent the numbers from 1 through 1000 (for security against tampering/plagiarism), as described in this link for students: mouse-over Qianziwen.

Importance in Korea

The Thousand Character Classic was used as a primer for learning Chinese characters for many centuries. It is uncertain when the Thousand Character Classic was introduced to Korea, but some think that it may have been introduced long before the cultural flourishing of the kingdom of Baekje.

The book is noted as a principal force—along with the introduction of Buddhism into Korea—behind the introduction of Chinese characters into the Korean language. Hanja was the sole means of writing Korean until King Sejong the Great invented the Hangul script in the 15th century; however, even after the invention of Hangul, most Korean scholars continued to write in Hanja until the early 20th century.

The Thousand Character Classic's use as a writing primer for children began in 1583, when King Seonjo ordered Han Ho (1544-1605) to carve the text into wooden printing blocks.

44 legends from "Cheon" (heaven) to "Su" (water) among "Thousand Character Classic" were inscribed one by one on the reverse of "Sangpyung Tongbo" (a Joseon Dynasty Korean coin).

The Thousand Character Classic has its own form in representing the Chinese characters. For each character, the text shows its meaning (saegim or hun (訓)) and sound (eum (音)). The vocabulary to represent the saegim has remained unchanged in every edition, despite the natural evolution of the Korean language since then. However, in the editions Gwangju Thousand Character Classic and Seokbong Thousand Character Classic, both written in the 16th century, there are some number of different meanings expressed for the same character. The types of changes of saegims in Seokbong Thousand Character Classic into those in Gwangju Thousand Character Classic fall roughly under the following categories:

Definitions turned more generalized or more concrete when semantic scope of each character had been changed;
Former definitions were replaced by synonyms; and
Parts of speech in the definitions were changed.

From these changes, replacements between native Korean and Sino-Korean, etc. can be found. Generally, "rare saegim vocabularies" are presumed to be pre-16th century, for it is thought that they may be a fossilized form of native Korean vocabulary or affected by the influence of a regional dialect in Jeolla Province.

Importance in Japan

Wani Kishi, a legendary Chinese-Baekje scholar, is said to have transmitted the Thousand Character Classic to Japan along with 10 books of Analects of Confucius during the reign of Emperor Ōjin (r. 370?-410?). However, this alleged event precedes the composition of the Thousand Character Classic. This makes many people assume that the event is simply fiction, but some scholars have supposed it to be based in fact, perhaps using a different version of the Thousand Character Classic.

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