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Revision as of 01:29, 18 February 2014 view sourceRonreisman (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users684 edits →Biography: Added information from a recent obituary for Hasan Salama's widow who passed at the age of 92.← Previous edit Revision as of 01:32, 18 February 2014 view source Ronreisman (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users684 editsm →Biography: de-cluttered refNext edit →
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== Biography == == Biography ==
Salama was born in the village ] in 1913 during the ] over ]. He was one of the leaders of the armed Arab groups who fought against the British and the Jewish community, known at the ], in ]. He participated in the violent 1933 Jaffa demonstrations during the ], and became a leader of the ].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hskalla.wordpress.com/2014/02/05/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B3/ |language =Arabic |title= وفاة زوجة وام الشهدين حسن سلامه وعلي حسن سلامه رحمها الله |trans_title=The death of the wife of Hasan Salama, and mother of Ali Hasan Salama, G-d rest her soul |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = 05 February 2014 | month=February |year=2014 |website=http://hskalla.wordpress.com/2014/02/05/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B3/ |publisher= مشاغبات هشام ساق الله |accessdate=17 February 2014 |quote ="الشهيد حسن سلامه هو أحد قادة الثورة الكبرى ( 1936 – 1939) وحرب 1948، ولد في قرية قولة قضاء اللد 1913، اشترك في مظاهرات يافا الدامية عام 1" ; "Shahid (Martyr) Hasan Salama was one of the major leaders of the Revolution (1936 - 1939) and the 1948 war, was born in the village of Lod in 1913, participated in the bloody demonstrations in Jaffa in 1933 ..." }} </ref> Salama was born in the village ] in 1913 during the ] over ]. He was one of the leaders of the armed Arab groups who fought against the British and the Jewish community, known at the ], in ]. He participated in the violent 1933 Jaffa demonstrations during the ], and became a leader of the ].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hskalla.wordpress.com/2014/02/05/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B3/ |language =Arabic |title= وفاة زوجة وام الشهدين حسن سلامه وعلي حسن سلامه رحمها الله |trans_title=The death of the wife of Hasan Salama, and mother of Ali Hasan Salama, G-d rest her soul |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = 05 February 2014 | month=February |year=2014 |publisher= مشاغبات هشام ساق الله |accessdate=17 February 2014 |quote ="الشهيد حسن سلامه هو أحد قادة الثورة الكبرى ( 1936 – 1939) وحرب 1948، ولد في قرية قولة قضاء اللد 1913، اشترك في مظاهرات يافا الدامية عام 1" ; "Shahid (Martyr) Hasan Salama was one of the major leaders of the Revolution (1936 - 1939) and the 1948 war, was born in the village of Lod in 1913, participated in the bloody demonstrations in Jaffa in 1933 ..." }} </ref>


After the Arab revolt in Palestine Salama fled to ], and then fled along with the Mufti of Jerusalem ] to ].{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} After the Arab revolt in Palestine Salama fled to ], and then fled along with the Mufti of Jerusalem ] to ].{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Revision as of 01:32, 18 February 2014

For the Palestinian militant who was killed in 1979, see Ali Hassan Salameh.

Hasan Salama
حسن سلامة
Hasan Salama, 1939
Born1912 (1912)
Qula, Ottoman Empire
Died2 June 1948 (1948-06-03)
Ras al-Ein
Allegiance
Service / branchArmy of the Holy War
Years of service1936-1948
Battles / wars1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
Anglo-Iraqi War
Operation ATLAS
1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
RelationsAli Hassan Salameh (son)

Hasan Salama or Hassan Salameh (Template:Lang-ar, Ḥasan Salāmah) (1912–1948) was a commander of the Palestinian Holy War Army (Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas, Arabic: جيش الجهاد المقدس) in the 1948 Palestine War along with Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni.

Biography

Salama was born in the village Qula in 1913 during the Ottoman rule over Palestine. He was one of the leaders of the armed Arab groups who fought against the British and the Jewish community, known at the Yishuv, in Mandatory Palestine. He participated in the violent 1933 Jaffa demonstrations during the 1933 Palestine riots, and became a leader of the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine.

After the Arab revolt in Palestine Salama fled to Lebanon, and then fled along with the Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husseini to Iraq.

In Iraq Salama took a tank commander's course. After the pro-Axis Rashid Ali al-Gaylani government was overthrown by the British in 1941 and the subsequent meeting between Adolf Hitler and Grand Mufti al-Husseini, the Mufti arranged for Salama and other Arab fighters to be flown to Germany for military training. The Germans trained Salama to be a paratrooper.

Operation ATLAS

Salama was as a member of a special commando unit of the Waffen SS in Operation ATLAS, which was jointly operated by German Intelligence and Grand Mufti al-Husseini. During the night of October 6, 1944 Salama and four other commandos (three German Templars and Abdul Latif, who had edited the Mufti's Berlin radio addresses) parachuted from a German Heinkel HeS 3 airplane into Mandatory Palestine over the Jericho region in Wadi Qelt. Their equipment reportedly included explosives, submachine guns, and dynamite, radio equipment, 5,000 Pound sterling. According to Destremau, they had some capsules of poison that might have been intended to liquidate locals believed to be collaborating with the Mandatory Authorities British Security Service records released in 2001 report that the commandos were apprehended with 2,000 gold coins and a quantity of poison. Israeli journalists Michael Bar-Zohar and Eitan Haber report that this poison was intended for the Tel Aviv water supply.One of the Germans and Salama evaded capture, and he took refuge in Qula, where a physician treated his injured foot. The mission was intended to supply local Palestinian Arab resistance groups with resources and arms, and to direct sabotage activity primarily at Jewish (rather than British) targets.

1947-1948 Arab Israeli War

Salama with rifle in hand and on horseback during the revolt in Mandatory Palestine, 1939

In 1947 Salameh re-emerged as the second-in-command of the Army of the Holy War, a force of Palestinian Arab irregulars in the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine that was associated with Grand Mufti al-Husseini. The force has been described as Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni's "personal" army. At the meeting held in Damascus on 5 February 1948, to organize the Palestinian Field Commands, Salama was allocated the Lydda district. Salama commanded the forces in Jaffa, the coastal plain, Ramle and Lod.

Salama was a member of the Palestine Arab Party.

Salama was killed by the IDF in the battle of Ras al-Ein on 2 June 1948. He was the father of Ali Hassan Salameh, chief of Black September and the man chiefly responsible of the Munich massacre at the 1972 Olympics.

References

  1. "وفاة زوجة وام الشهدين حسن سلامه وعلي حسن سلامه رحمها الله" (in Arabic). مشاغبات هشام ساق الله. 05 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014. الشهيد حسن سلامه هو أحد قادة الثورة الكبرى ( 1936 – 1939) وحرب 1948، ولد في قرية قولة قضاء اللد 1913، اشترك في مظاهرات يافا الدامية عام 1" ; "Shahid (Martyr) Hasan Salama was one of the major leaders of the Revolution (1936 - 1939) and the 1948 war, was born in the village of Lod in 1913, participated in the bloody demonstrations in Jaffa in 1933 ... {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. "Israel/Palestine and the Politics of a Two-State Solution" by Thomas G. Mitchell, (London: McFarland & Co., Inc.; 2013) p. 136
  3. "Mitchell, Israel/Palestine", p. 136
  4. Christian Destremau, Le Moyen-Orient pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Perrin, 2011.
  5. "New Document Releases MI5 Files," (London: National Archives; 2001), http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/july2001.pdf, p. 19, "KV 2/400 - papers include personal information of each individual from the 5 man team; summaries of interrogations and list of possessions, including 2000 gold coins and a quantity of poison."
  6. Bar-Zohar, Michael; Haber, Eitan (2002) . The Quest for the Red Prince. The Lyons Press. pp. 45–66. ISBN 978-1-58574-739-9.
  7. Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine by Klaus-Michael Mallmann and Martin Cuppers, tran. by Krista Smith, (Enigma Books, published in association with the United States Holocaust Museum, NY; 2010), pp. 200, 201
  8. The National Archives | The Catalogue | Full Details | KV 2/401 "...The object of the 'Commando', jointly operated by German Intelligence and their protege, the Berlin-based Mufti of Jerusalem, was, through contact with local Palestinians and the supply of cash and arms, to organise local resistance activity, including sabotage. This was to be directed against Jewish rather than British targets...."
  9. Albert Habib Hourani, Philip S. Khoury and Mary C. Wilson (2004-03-04). The Modern Middle East: A Reader. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 537. ISBN 978-1-86064-963-9.
  10. Ilan Pappé (1994-08-15). The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-51. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-85043-819-9.
  11. Haim Levenberg (1993-09-01). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948. London: Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 0-7146-3439-5.
  12. "Alphabetical & Chronological listing of Palestinian Personalities". Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.

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