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{{Taxobox {{Taxobox
| name = Gadfly Petrels | name = Gadfly petrels
| image = Pterodroma hasitataPCCA20070623-3608B.jpg | image = Pterodroma hasitataPCCA20070623-3608B.jpg
| image_width = | image_width =
| image_caption = ] | image_caption = ]
| regnum = ]ia | regnum = ]ia
| phylum = ] | phylum = ]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = | subdivision =
About 35, see text. About 35, see text
}} }}


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Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition. Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition.


These ]s nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies. These ]s nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a ] or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.


==Species in taxonomic order== ==Species in taxonomic order==
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* ''Genus Pterodroma'' * ''Genus Pterodroma''
** ''Pterodroma baraui'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma baraui'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'', ''']'''
*** ''Pterodroma (arminjoniana) heraldica'', ''']''' – recognized by the ].<ref>. worldbirdnames.org</ref> However, the ] has not recognized the split yet.<br /> Split from ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' *** ''Pterodroma (arminjoniana) heraldica'', ''']''' – recognized by the ].<ref>. worldbirdnames.org</ref> However, the ] has not recognized the split yet.<br /> Split from ''Pterodroma arminjoniana''
** ''Pterodroma externa'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma externa'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma neglecta'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma neglecta'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma atrata'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma atrata'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma alba'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma alba'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma feae'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma feae'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma desertae'', ''']''' (disputed) ** ''Pterodroma desertae'', ''']''' (disputed)
** ''Pterodroma madeira'', ''']''' or '''Madeira Petrel''' ** ''Pterodroma madeira'', ''']''' or '''Madeira petrel'''
** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ''']''', (]) &ndash; possibly extirpated population of extant species<!-- Ardeola 49:39 --> ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ''']''', (]) &ndash; possibly extirpated population of extant species<!-- Ardeola 49:39 -->
** ''Pterodroma mollis'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma mollis'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma cahow'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma cahow'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma hasitata'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma hasitata'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma caribbaea'', ''']''', (possibly ]) ** ''Pterodroma caribbaea'', ''']''', (possibly ])
** ''Pterodroma incerta'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma incerta'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma lessonii'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma lessonii'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma magentae'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma magentae'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma macroptera'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma macroptera'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma solandri'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma solandri'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma ultima'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma ultima'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'', '''Mangareva Petrel''', (possibly extinct) ** ''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'', '''Mangareva petrel''', (possibly extinct)
** ''Pterodroma cervicalis'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma cervicalis'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma occulta'', ''']''' or '''Falla's Petrel''' ** ''Pterodroma occulta'', ''']''' or '''Falla's petrel'''
*** Split from ''Pterodroma cervicalis'' *** Split from ''Pterodroma cervicalis''
** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ''']''', (])<!-- Notornis 41(S):165 --> ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ''']''', (])<!-- Notornis 41(S):165 -->
** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ''']''', (])<!-- AtollRes.Bull.325 --> ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ''']''', (])<!-- AtollRes.Bull.325 -->
** ''Pterodroma jugabilis'', ''']''', (]) ** ''Pterodroma jugabilis'', ''']''', (])
** ''Pterodroma rupinarum'', ''']''', (extinct) ** ''Pterodroma rupinarum'', ''']''', (extinct)
*''Subgenus ''Cookilaria''<ref name=Onley/> *''Subgenus ''Cookilaria''<ref name=Onley/>
** ''Pterodroma cookii'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma cookii'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma pycrofti'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma pycrofti'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma defilippiana'', ''']''' or '''Mas a Tierra Petrel''' ** ''Pterodroma defilippiana'', ''']''' or '''Masatierra petrel'''
** ''Pterodroma longirostris'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma longirostris'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma nigripennis'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma nigripennis'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma axillaris'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma axillaris'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma hypoleuca'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma hypoleuca'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma inexpectata'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma inexpectata'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma leucoptera'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma leucoptera'', ''']'''
** ''Pterodroma brevipes'', ''']''' ** ''Pterodroma brevipes'', ''']'''
***''Pterodroma brevipes magnificens'', may be a full species ''']''' ''Pterodroma magnificens''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bretagnolle, Vincent and Shirihai, Hadoram |title=A new taxon of Collared Petrel ''Pterodroma brevipes'' from the Banks Islands, Vanuatu|journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume=130|issue=4|page=286|url=http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/2010/2010_BBBOC130.pdf}}</ref> ***''Pterodroma brevipes magnificens'', may be a full species ''']''' ''Pterodroma magnificens''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bretagnolle, Vincent and Shirihai, Hadoram |title=A new taxon of Collared Petrel ''Pterodroma brevipes'' from the Banks Islands, Vanuatu|journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume=130|issue=4|page=286|url=http://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/publipdf/2010/2010_BBBOC130.pdf}}</ref>


A ] ] from ] in the ] was described as ''Pterodroma kurodai''. ], it could belong into any genus. A ] ] from ] in the ] was described as ''Pterodroma kurodai''. ], it could belong to any genus.


==References== ==References==

Revision as of 00:21, 14 July 2014

Gadfly petrels
Black-capped petrel
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Subclass: Neornithes
Infraclass: Neoaves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Pterodroma
Bonaparte, 1856
Species

About 35, see text

Diversity
1 genus and 33 species

The gadfly petrels are seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. These medium to large petrels feed on food items picked from the ocean surface.

The short, sturdy bills of the Pterodroma species in this group, about 35 altogether, are adapted for soft prey taken at the surface; they have twisted intestines for digesting marine animals which have unusual biochemistries.

Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition.

These birds nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.

Species in taxonomic order

The taxonomy of the gadfly petrels is being reformed at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the procellarine and Puffinus shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle et al. (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2004).

A Pleistocene fossil from Aldabra in the Indian Ocean was described as Pterodroma kurodai. Biogeographically, it could belong to any genus.

References

  1. Austin, Jeremy J. (1996). "Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 6 (1): 77–88. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060. PMID 8812308.
  2. Bretagnolle, Vincent; Pasquet, Eric; Bretagnolle, V.; Attié, C.; Pasquet, E. (1998). "Cytochrome-B evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudobulweria and Bulweria (Procellariidae)" (PDF). Auk. 115 (1): 188–195. doi:10.2307/4089123.
  3. Brooke, M. (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
  4. Proposed Splits (PS) and Newly Described Species (NEW) that are candidates for addition to the IOC World List. worldbirdnames.org
  5. Onley, Derek and Paul Scofield (2007) Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World Helm Field Guides ISBN 978-0-7136-4332-9
  6. Bretagnolle, Vincent and Shirihai, Hadoram. "A new taxon of Collared Petrel Pterodroma brevipes from the Banks Islands, Vanuatu" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 130 (4): 286.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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