Džafer Kulenović: Difference between revisions

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	'''Dr. Džafer Kulenović''' ~~(17 February 1891 – 3 October 1956)~~, often referred to as '''Džafer-] Kulenović''', was a ] politician who ~~led~~ the ~~] in~~ the ], and was briefly Minister of Forestry and Mining in the ~~pre-war~~ ~~Yugoslav governments~~ of ~~] and ~~]. During ], he served as the Vice President~~ of the ] ] the ].~~		'''Dr. Džafer Kulenović''', often referred to as '''Džafer-] Kulenović''' (17 February 1891 – 3 October 1956) was a ] politician who served as the Vice President of the ] and leader of the ] in the ].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	~~Džafer~~ Kulenović was born ~~to a ] family~~ in ~~the village~~ ] near ], ], ]. He ~~was the son of Muhamed-''beg'' Kulenović and his wife Meleća.{{cn\|date=March 2015}} Džafer had an older brother ] (1889–1947),~~ a ~~politician and lawyer. Kulenović attended~~ ] in ] and ], and he was expelled from school ~~in 1905{{cn\|date=March 2015}}~~ just two months before graduation due to a clash with Serbian nationalist students; because of that he transferred to school in ] and graduated there in 1909. In the same year, he entered the ], but because of health issues he went to ] from which he graduated. Even in Vienna, Kulenović was active amongst the Viennese ]' youth organization called "''Svijest''" (The Awareness) and was elected its president.{{sfn\|Dizdar\|Grčić\|Ravlić\|Stuparić\|1997\|p=216}}		Dr. Kulenović was born in ] near ]. He attended a ] in ] and ], and he was expelled from school just two months before graduation due to a clash with Serbian nationalist students; because of that he transferred to school in ] and graduated there in 1909. In the same year, he entered the ], but because of health issues he went to ] from which he graduated. Even in Vienna, Kulenović was active amongst the Viennese ]' youth organization called the "''Svijest''" (The Awareness) and was elected its president.{{sfn\|Dizdar\|Grčić\|Ravlić\|Stuparić\|1997\|p=216}}

	==Kingdom of Yugoslavia==		==Kingdom of Yugoslavia==
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	==Independent State of Croatia==		==Independent State of Croatia==
	He became the vice-president of the ] (NDH) on November 7, 1941 and held the position until the war's end. He had succeeded his older brother ] in this position. At the end of the war he fled to Austria. He was apprehended by British forces and sent to their detention centre ] on May 17. He arrived one day after a group of NDH government officials had been ], which likely spared him from being extradited himself.		He became the vice-president of the ] (NDH) on November 7, 1941 and held the position until the war's end. He had actually succeeded his older brother ] in this position. At the end of the war he fled to Austria. He was apprehended by British forces and sent to their detention centre ] on May 17. He arrived one day after a group of NDH government officials had been ], which likely spared him from being extradited himself.

	==Emigration==		==Emigration==
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	\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Yugoslav politician		\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Yugoslav politician
	\| DATE OF BIRTH = 17 February 1891		\| DATE OF BIRTH = 17 February 1891
	\| PLACE OF BIRTH = Rajinovci, Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary		\| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ], ]
	\| DATE OF DEATH = 3 October 1956		\| DATE OF DEATH = 3 October 1956
	\| PLACE OF DEATH = Damascus, Syria		\| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
	}}		}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulenovic, Dzafer}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulenovic, Dzafer}}
	]		]
	]		]
	]
	]
	]		]
	]		]

Revision as of 18:59, 5 April 2015

BegDr. Džafer Kulenović


2nd Vice President of the Government of the Independent State of Croatia
In office 7 November 1941 – 8 May 1945
Prime Minister	Nikola Mandić (since 1943)
Leader	Ante Pavelić
Preceded by	Osman Kulenović
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Minister of Forestry and Mining
In office 26 August 1939 – 6 April 1941
Prime Minister	Dragiša Cvetković (until 1941)Dušan Simović
Preceded by	Ljubomir Pantić
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Minister Without Portfolio
In office 5 February 1939 – 26 August 1939
Prime Minister	Dragiša Cvetković
3rd President of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization
In office 29 June 1939 – 10 April 1941
Preceded by	Mehmed Spaho
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Member of Senate
In office 6 January 1929 – 5 February 1939
Prime Minister	See list Petar Živković (1929–32) Vojislav Marinović (1932) Milan Srškić (1932–34) Nikola Uzunović (1934) Bogoljub Jevtić (1934–35) Milan Stojadinović
Member of the National Assembly
In office December 1920 – 6 January 1929
Prime Minister	See list Milenko Vesnić (1920–21) Nikola Pašić (1921–24) Ljubomir Davidović (1924) Nikola Pašić (1924–26) Nikola Uzunović (1926–27) Velimir Vukićević (1927–28) Anton Korošec

Personal details
Born	17 February 1891 Rajinovci, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary
Died	3 October 1956(1956-10-03) (aged 65) Damascus, Syria
Nationality	Croat
Political party	Croatian Liberation Movement
Relations	Osman Kulenović (brother)Nahid Kulenović (son)
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Profession	Lawyer

Dr. Džafer Kulenović, often referred to as Džafer-beg Kulenović (17 February 1891 – 3 October 1956) was a Croatian politician who served as the Vice President of the Government of the Independent State of Croatia and leader of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Early life

Dr. Kulenović was born in Rajinovci near Kulen Vakuf. He attended a gymnasium in Sarajevo and Tuzla, and he was expelled from school just two months before graduation due to a clash with Serbian nationalist students; because of that he transferred to school in Mostar and graduated there in 1909. In the same year, he entered the University of Vienna, but because of health issues he went to Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb from which he graduated. Even in Vienna, Kulenović was active amongst the Viennese Party of Rights' youth organization called the "Svijest" (The Awareness) and was elected its president.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

In 1919, after the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was established, Kulenović joined the Yugoslav Muslim Organization, a political party of Bosnian Muslims. For every election held in Yugoslavia, he was elected to the National Assembly as a representative of the Brčko municipality. When the Vidovdan Constitution was voted on, his party ordered its members in the National Assembly to support the new constitution; however, Kulenović boycoted the voting as he was against the Constitution and thus didn't violate his party's orders. In 1921, he protested to the Assembly the massacre of 200 Muslims carried out by Chetniks in the Sandžak region. When his party divided into the Centralist (pro-Serb) and the pro-Autonomy list, Kulenović supporetd the pro-Autonomy. In the 1923 election, the Autonomists defeated the pro-Serbian faction of the YMO. Kulenović was also among those who made the Sarajevan Punctations, in which the YMO condemned the Serbian nationalist policy over Bosnia and Herzegovina and demanded Bosnian autonomy. After Mehmed Spaho, the President of the YMO, died, Kulenović was elected as the organization's new president on June 29, 1939. Uzeir Hadžihasanović who was influential amongst the Muslims, helped him win this post. At this time, the YMO was in a coalition called the Yugoslav Radical Union (YRU); the coalition was led by Milan Stojadinović. The YMO's membership in the YRU threatened YMO's existence, and Kulenović tried to save the party. His actions led to the division in the YRU.

During the crisis of the YRU, Kulenović stated to the press: Gentlemen, I am a Croat and a Croatian nationalist... And not only that I am a Croat and a Croatian nationalist, but the Bosnian Muslims are, as a whole, Croats and part of the Croatian nation.
— Džafer Kulenović

During the Prime Ministership of Dragiša Cvetković and Dušan Simović, Kulenović was a minister without portfolio and Minister of Forestry and Mining. In 1939 Kulenović opposed the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina when the Banovina of Croatia was created, and he also opposed the idea of Serbian nationalist ministers and politicians that the parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which were not included in the Croatian Banovina, should be included in the so-called "Serbian lands". During the German Invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Kulenović didn't leave the country as most ministers did; he secretly left Belgrade and went to Užice, from where he went to Sarajevo and later to Brčko, where his family lived.

Independent State of Croatia

He became the vice-president of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) on November 7, 1941 and held the position until the war's end. He had actually succeeded his older brother Osman Kulenović in this position. At the end of the war he fled to Austria. He was apprehended by British forces and sent to their detention centre at Spittal an der Drau on May 17. He arrived one day after a group of NDH government officials had been sent back to Yugoslavia, which likely spared him from being extradited himself.

Emigration

Kulenović later immigrated to Syria. He lived there until his death on October 3, 1956 in Damascus. While in Syria, the Croats in Argentina published a collection of his journalistic writings. In 1950, the Croat Muslim Community in Chicago published a speech he wrote for the Muslim Congress following World War II in Lahore, Pakistan. This twenty-two page pamphlet entitled "A Message of Croat Muslims to Their Religious Brethren in the World" detailed Serb aggression against Croats of Islamic faith and promoted the idea of Croat unity.

Only a few months before his death, the Croatian Liberation Movement was formed, with Dr. Kulenović being one of the founders and signatories.

Legacy

His son Nahid Kulenović continued working with this Movement, but was assassinated by the Yugoslavia secret police, UDBA, in Munich.

Works

A Message from Croat Moslems to their Religious Brethren in the World, 1951., (reprint, Createspace, 2011.)
Džafer Kulenović, Sabrana djela, 1945.-1956., Buenos Aires, 1978. (editors: Jere Jareb, Stjepan Barbarić, Miron Krešimir Begić, Ragib Zukić)
Izbor iz djela: članci i rasprave, Uzdanica, Zagreb, 1992.

References

Citations

^ Dizdar et al. 1997, p. 216.
^ Dizdar et al. 1997, p. 217.
Redžić & Donia 2005, p. 166.
“Exiles Speak of Yugoslav Death List.” The Times of London. July 2, 1969.
Open Library: Izbor iz djela. By Džafer Kulenović.

Bibliography

Dizdar, Zdravko; Grčić, Marko; Ravlić, Slaven; Stuparić, Darko (1997). Tko je tko u NDH (in Croatian). Minerva. ISBN 953-6377-03-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Redžić, Enver; Donia, Robert (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2nd World War. Routledge. ISBN 9780714656250. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

v t e Cabinet of Dragiša Cvetković II
26 August 1939 – 27 March 1941
Prime Minister	Dragiša Cvetković
Cabinet members	Andres Bešlić Budisavljević Cincar-Marković Čubrilović Ikonić Konstantinović Krek Kulenović Kulovec Maček Marković Mihaldžić Nedić Nikitović Pešić Protić Šutej Torbar

v t e Government of the Independent State of Croatia
Heads of Government	Ante Pavelić Nikola Mandić
Vice-Presidents	Osman Kulenović Džafer-beg Kulenović
Foreign Ministers	Ante Pavelić Mladen Lorković Stijepo Perić Mile Budak Mehmed Alajbegović
Ministers of Interior	Andrija Artuković Ante Nikšić Mladen Lorković Mate Frković
Ministers of the Armed Forces	Slavko Kvaternik Ante Pavelić Miroslav Navratil Ante Vokić Nikola Steinfl
Ministers of Justice and Religion	Marko Puk Andrija Artuković Pavao Canski
Ministers of State Treasury	Vladimir Košak Anton Filipančić Dragutin Toth
Ministers of Traffic	Slavko Kvaternik Hilmija Bešlagić Ante Vokić Jozo Dumandžić
Ministers of Trade	Marijan Šimić Dragutin Toth Josip Cabas Vjekoslav Vrančić
Ministers of Rural Economy and Food	Stjepan Hefer
Ministers of Association	Jozo Dumandžić Lovro Sučić Janko Tortić
Ministers of Forestry and Mining	Ivica Frković Josip Balen
Ministers of Health	Janko Tortić Ivo Petrić
Ministers of Welfare for Perished Lands	Mehmed Alajbegović Meho Mehičić
Ministers for Liberated Lands	Edo Bulat
Ministers without Portfolio	Andrija Artuković Savo Besarović Edo Bulat Živan Kuveždić Mladen Lorković Mirko Puk Lovro Sučić Ljudevit Šolc Janko Tortić Vjekoslav Vrančić Milovan Žanić

Post-war flight of Axis fugitives

Fugitives

German / Austrian	Franz Abromeit Ludolf von Alvensleben Klaus Barbie Hermine Braunsteiner Alois Brunner Adolf Eichmann Hans Eisele Aribert Heim Walter Kutschmann Johann von Leers Josef Mengele Hermann Michel Erich Priebke Walter Rauff Eduard Roschmann Walter Schreiber Horst Schumann Josef Schwammberger Franz Stangl Gustav Wagner
Croatian	Milivoj Ašner Andrija Artuković Anton Geiser Vjekoslav Luburić Ante Pavelić Ivo Rojnica Dinko Šakić Vjekoslav Vrančić
Belgian	Pierre Daye Léon Degrelle René Lagrou
Ukrainian	John Demjanjuk Feodor Fedorenko Mykola Lebed
Danish	Søren Kam Carl Værnet
Estonian	Aleksander Laak Karl Linnas
Latvian	Viktors Arājs Herberts Cukurs
Other nationalities	Tscherim Soobzokov (Circassian) Aarne Kauhanen (Finnish)

Assistance

Organizations	Ratlines
State involvement	Colonia Dignidad (Chile) Franco (Spain) Nasser (Egypt) Perón (Argentina) Videla (Argentina) Operation Paperclip (USA) list of scientists Operation Osoaviakhim (USSR) list of scientists Robert Leiber (Holy See) Banzer (Bolivia) Stroessner (Paraguay)
Other persons	Rodolfo Freude Alois Hudal Charles Lescat Hans-Ulrich Rudel Otto Skorzeny

Hunters

Disputed / dubious