| Revision as of 16:29, 14 January 2016 editGala19000 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users640 edits Its a pkk claim. Not 'kurdish' as it doesn't represent all kurds.Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 07:25, 15 January 2016 edit undoBG19bot (talk | contribs)1,005,055 editsm WP:CHECKWIKI error fix for #54. Do general fixes if a problem exists. - using AWB (11792)Next edit → | ||
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| ---- | ---- | ||
| PKK victory<ref name=gg/>(Western and PKK claim)<br/> | PKK victory<ref name=gg/>(Western and PKK claim)<br/> | ||
| *PKK continued cross-border raids |
*PKK continued cross-border raids | ||
| *Insurgency is still active |
*Insurgency is still active | ||
| ---- | ---- | ||
| Turkish victory (Turkish claim)<ref>{{cite news|last1=POPE|first1=HUGH|title=Most Turkish Troops Said to Be Out of Iraq : Mideast: Ankara's army says it killed 555 Kurdish militants and lost 61 soldiers.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-05-05/news/mn-62674_1_northern-iraq|accessdate=14 January 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=5 May 1995|language=en-US}}</ref> | Turkish victory (Turkish claim)<ref>{{cite news|last1=POPE|first1=HUGH|title=Most Turkish Troops Said to Be Out of Iraq : Mideast: Ankara's army says it killed 555 Kurdish militants and lost 61 soldiers.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-05-05/news/mn-62674_1_northern-iraq|accessdate=14 January 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=5 May 1995|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
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| (Turkish Claim) | (Turkish Claim) | ||
| ---- | ---- | ||
| 800 killed<ref name="unhcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html|title=Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|publisher=unhcr.org|accessdate=2015-04-13}} |
800 killed<ref name="Kurds in Turkey"></ref><ref name="unhcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html|title=Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|publisher=unhcr.org|accessdate=2015-04-13}}</ref><br/> | ||
| (PKK Claim) | (PKK Claim) | ||
| |casualties2=555 killed<ref name=hurriyet1/><br/> | |casualties2=555 killed<ref name=hurriyet1/><br/> | ||
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| {{Campaignbox Kurdish–Turkish conflict}} | {{Campaignbox Kurdish–Turkish conflict}} | ||
| '''Operation Steel''' ({{lang-tr|Çelik Harekâtı}}) was a cross-border operation by the ] into northern ] between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the ] (PKK). The purpose of offensive was to put a stop to the PKK cross-border raids and to crush the insurgency.<ref name=gg>{{cite book|last1=Fremont-Barnes|first1=Gregory|title=A History of Counterinsurgency |publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440804250|page=328|url=https://books.google.fi/books?id=EOZjCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=operation+steel+PKK&source=bl&ots=mkMnfmE6ZP&sig=iF8wKbVIYr4EjrZTaYh7D13On2M&hl=fi&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp_q2nyKnKAhWBXiwKHQuvCiYQ6AEIUTAI#v=onepage&q=operation%20steel%20PKK&f=false|accessdate=14 January 2016 |
'''Operation Steel''' ({{lang-tr|Çelik Harekâtı}}) was a cross-border operation by the ] into northern ] between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the ] (PKK). The purpose of offensive was to put a stop to the PKK cross-border raids and to crush the insurgency.<ref name=gg>{{cite book|last1=Fremont-Barnes|first1=Gregory|title=A History of Counterinsurgency |publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440804250|page=328|url=https://books.google.fi/books?id=EOZjCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=operation+steel+PKK&source=bl&ots=mkMnfmE6ZP&sig=iF8wKbVIYr4EjrZTaYh7D13On2M&hl=fi&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp_q2nyKnKAhWBXiwKHQuvCiYQ6AEIUTAI#v=onepage&q=operation%20steel%20PKK&f=false|accessdate=14 January 2016}}</ref> Operation didn't put an end to the PKK.<ref name=gg/> | ||
| == The battle == | == The battle == | ||
Revision as of 07:25, 15 January 2016
| Operation Steel Çelik Harekâtı | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Turkey |
 Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Hasan Kundakçı |
Nizamettin Taş | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 35,000+ | 2,400-2,800 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
64 killed 800 killed |
555 killed 60 killed | ||||||
|
200 civilians killed 15,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians displaced | |||||||
Operation Steel (Template:Lang-tr) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The purpose of offensive was to put a stop to the PKK cross-border raids and to crush the insurgency. Operation didn't put an end to the PKK.
The battle
On March 20, 1995, some 35,000 Turkish troops launched an invasion into Northern Iraq. The effect of the attack was however relatively limited, despite high PKK casualties, as the majority of the PKK forces left the region before the offensive begun as they had noticed the military buildup on the border and were anticipating the offensive. By April 25, Turkey pulled out 20,000 of its 35,000 troops. After on May 3, the Kurdistan Democratic Party delegation to Turkey said they would stop PKK activities in Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkey withdrew its remaining forces on May 4. The military operation strained relations between Turkey and the United States and Europe as over 15,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians were displaced by Turkish forces.
Casualties
More than 35,000 troops took part in the operation. Turkey announced fatalities at a total of 64 personnel made out of 4 commissioned officers, 5 noncommissioned officers and 55 soldiers. Turkey announced the injured at a total of 185 personnel made out of 13 commissioned officers 8 noncommissioned officers and 164 soldiers. Turkey announced the total number of militants neutralized at a total of 568 with 555 being killed and 13 being captured live or injured. The PKK claimed they killed 261 soldiers and only 18 of their fighters were killed during the operation.
See also
References
- ^ Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. A History of Counterinsurgency [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 328. ISBN 9781440804250. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- POPE, HUGH (5 May 1995). "Most Turkish Troops Said to Be Out of Iraq : Mideast: Ankara's army says it killed 555 Kurdish militants and lost 61 soldiers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ Kurds in Turkey (page 18)
- Gunter, M.M. (1997). The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780312172657. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
- ^ "Çelik harekatı (20 Mart - 2 Mayıs 1994)". Hürriyet. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey". unhcr.org. Retrieved 2015-04-13. Cite error: The named reference "unhcr" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- "KurdishMedia.com: News about Kurds and Kurdistan". kurdmedia.com. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
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