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Faisalabad فیصل آبادLyallpur
Metropolitan City / Divisional Capital
Country	Pakistan
Region	Punjab
District	Faisalabad District
Former Name	Lyallpur
Official Language	Urdu
Native Language	Punjabi
First settled	1892
Founded by	Sir Charles James Lyall
Government
• Type	City District
• Body	Faisalabad District
• DCO	Noor-ul-Amin Mengal
Area
• Metropolitan City / Divisional Capital	1,300 km (490 sq mi)
• Land	840 km (325 sq mi)
• Water	430 km (165 sq mi)
• Metro	5,860 km (2,261 sq mi)
Elevation	184 m (605 ft)
Population	7,480,765
• Rank	3rd, Pakistan
• Density	927/km (2,400/sq mi)
Demonym	Faisalabadi
Time zone	UTC+5 (Pakistan (PST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC+4 (PST)
ZIP code(s)	38000
Area code	041
Vehicle registration	Three letters beginning with F and random four numbers (e.g. FDA 1234)
Website	www.faisalabad.gov.pk

Faisalabad ( /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/; Lyallpur until 1979) is a city in the Punjab province of eastern Pakistan, and was one of the first planned cities within British India. It is the third most populated metropolitan area after Karachi and Lahore. The total area of Faisalabad District covers 58.56 km (22.61 sq mi) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) is 1,280 km (490 sq mi). Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution center because of its central location in the region and connecting roads, rails, and air transportation. It has been referred to as the "Manchester of Pakistan" because it contributes over 20% toward Pakitan's annual GDP. Faisalabad's average annual GDP is $20.55 billion (USD), of which 21% comes from agriculture.

The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the lower Chenab River, produces cotton, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables and fruits. The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards, engineering works, and mills that process sugar, flour, and oil seed. Faisalabad is a major producer of superphosphates, cotton and silk textiles, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, beverages, clothing, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, and ghee (clarified butter). The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and provincial government. The city also has a major dry port and international airport.

Faisalabad is home to the University of Agriculture, Government College University as well as the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Divisional Public School Faisalabad and National Textile University. The city has its own cricket team, Faisalabad Wolves, which is based at the Iqbal Stadium. There are several other sports teams that compete internationally, including hockey and snooker as well as other sporting events.

History

Toponymy

The name Lyallpur traces its origins back to the reign of the British Raj. The British decided to name the city after the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, Sir James Broadwood Lyall. The name was coined by combining the surname of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, Lyall, with "Pur" which is derived from old Sanskrit language meaning "city". In the late 1970s, the Government of Pakistan changed the name of the city from Lyallpur to "Faisalabad" (meaning City of Faisal), in honor of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, who made several financial contributions to Pakistan.

Early settlements

According to the University of Faisalabad, the city known today as Faisalabad traces its origins to the 18th century when the land was inhabited by a number of tribes living in a forestation environment. It is believed these early settlements belonged to the ancient districts of Jhang and Sandalbar, which included the area between Shahdara to Shorekot and Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh.

Colonial rule

By the mid-18th century, the economic and administrative collapse of provinces within the Mughal Empire, from Punjab to Bengal, led to its dissolution. Internal unrest resulted in multiple battles for independence and further deterioration of the region, which then led to formal colonialization as established by the Government of India Act 1858, with direct control under the British Raj from 1858 to 1947. In 1880, Poham Young C.I.E, a British colonial officer, proposed construction of a new strategic town within the area. His proposal was supported by Sir James Broadwood Lyall, then Governor of Punjab, and the city of Lyall was developed. The city was named in honour of the governor for his services in the colonialization of the lower Chenab Valley.

Young designed the city centre to replicate the design in the Union Jack with eight roads extending from a large clock tower at its epicentre; a design geometrically symbolic of the Cross of Saint Andrew counterchanged with the Cross of Saint Patrick, and Saint George's Cross over all. The eight roads developed into eight separate bazaars (markets) leading to different regions of the Punjab. In 1892, the newly constructed town with its growing agricultural surplus was added to the British rail network. Construction of the rail link between Wazirabad and Lyallpur was completed in 1895. In 1896, Gujranwala, Jhang and Sahiwal comprising the Tehsils of Lyallpur were under the administrative control of the Jhang District.

In 1904, the new district of Lyallpur was formed to include the tehsils of Samundri and Toba Tek Singh with a sub-tehsil at Jaranwala, which later became a full tehsil in itself. The University of Agriculture, originally the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute, Lyallpur, was established in 1906. The Town Committee was upgraded to a Municipal Committee in 1909. Lyallpur grew into an established agricultural tool and grain center built by the British. The 1930s brought industrial growth and market expansion to the textile industry as well as to food processing, grain crushing and chemicals.

Independence

In August 1947, following three decades of nationalist struggles, India and Pakistan achieved independence. The British agreed to partition colonial India into two sovereign states - Pakistan with a Muslim majority, and India with a Hindu majority; however, more Muslims remained in India than what governing authorities believed would assimilate into Pakistan. The partitioning led to a mass migration of an estimated 10 million people which made it the largest mass migration in human history. India's Bengal province was divided into East Pakistan and West Bengal (India), and the Punjab Province was divided into Punjab (West Pakistan) and Punjab, India. There were also respective divisions of the British Indian Army, the Indian Civil Service, various administrative services, the central treasury, and the railways. Riots and local fighting followed the expeditious withdrawal of the British, resulting in an estimated one million civilians deaths, particularly in the western region of Punjab. Lyallpur, which was located in the region of the Punjab Province that became West Pakistan, was populated by a number of Hindus and Sikhs who migrated to India, while Muslim refugees from India settled in the district.

In 1977, the name of the city was changed to "Faisalabad", after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. During the eighties, the city realized an increase in foreign investment. More Faisalabadis began working abroad as bilateral ties improved within the new dominion. This led to more monetary funds returning to the city that aided the development of the region. In 1985, the city was upgraded as a division with the districts of Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.

Government and public services

Civic administration

Faisalabad is governed by the City District Government comprising seven departments, including Agriculture, Community Development, Education, Finance and Planning, Health, Municipal Services, and Works and Services. The District Coordination Officer Faisalabad (DCO) is head of the City District Government and responsible for coordinating and supervising the administrative units. Each of the seven departments has its own Executive District Officer who is charged with coordinating and overseeing the activities of their respective departments.

The intention of the City District Government was to empower politics by improving governance which basically involved decentralizing administrative authority with the establishment of different departments and respective department heads, all working under one platform. The stated vision and mission of the City District Government—Faisalabad is to "establish an efficient, effective and accountable City District Government, which is committed to respecting and upholding women, men and children's basic human rights, responsive towards people's needs, committed to poverty reduction and capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st Century. Our actions will be driven by the concerns of local people."

Tehsil Municipal Administration

In 2005, Faisalabad was reorganised as a City-District composed of eight Tehsil Municipal Administrations (TMA). The functions of the TMA include preparation of the spatial and land use plans, management of these development plans and exercise of control over land use, land sub-division, land development and zoning by public and private sectors, enforcement of municipal laws, rules and by-laws, provision and management of water, drainage waste and sanitation along with allied municipal services.

Faisalabad Development Authority

The Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) was validly established in October 1976 under The Punjab Development of Cities Act, 1976 to regulate, supervise and implement development activities in its jurisdiction area. The FDA acts as a policy-making body for the development of the city and is in charge of arranging and supervising major developments within the city. It is responsible for the administration of building regulations, management of parks and gardens and subsoil water management. The FDA works with WASA to control and maintain the water supply, sewerage and drainage. The FDA also works to improve conditions in the slums.

Healthcare

Health care services are provided to the citizens by both public and private sector hospitals. The government run hospitals are Allied Hospital, District HQ Hospital, PINUM Cancer Hospital, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC) and General Hospitals in Ghulam Muhammadabad and Samanabad. There are also a number of private hospitals, clinics and laboratories in the city,notably Al-Rahmat labs , Mujahid Hospital lab, National Hospital lab & Agha Khan lab. The City District Government also has a number of basic health units, rural health centres and dispensaries to provide care for its people in the rural parts of the district. During 2014, Faisalabad Division Commissioner Captain Nasim Nawaz announced Rs 1bn was being spent on building a new children's hospital in Faisalabad, which he claimed would be the second largest children's hospital in the world.

Emergency services

Law enforcement in Faisalabad is carried out by City Police Faisalabad, whose headquarters are located at the CPO Office, District Court Faisalabad. Police Formations consist of District Police, Elite Police, Traffic Police, Punjab Highway Patrolling, Investigation Branch and Special Branch. Fire and rescue services in Faisalabad are provided by Faisalabad Fire Brigade and emergency medical care by Edhi Ambulances and Rescue 1122.

Water supply and sanitation

The Water and Sanitation Agency, commonly known as WASA, which is a subsidiary of Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA), was established on 23 April 1978 under the Development of Cities Act 1976. It is estimated that WASA provides about 72% of the city with sewerage services and about 60% with water services. The existing production capacity of WASA is 65 million gallons per day, almost all of which is drawn from wells located in the old beds of the Chenab river. From the wells, water is pumped to a terminal reservoir located on Sargodha Road. Water is normally supplied for a total of about 8 hours per day to the majority of the city. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has also provided financial and hardware equipment to help improve the water and sanitation conditions in the city.

Geography

Scope

Faisalabad is 184 metres (604 ft) above sea level and is situated in the rolling flat plains of northeast Punjab between longitude 73°74 East, latitude 30°31.5 North. The city proper comprises approximately 1,230 square kilometres (470 sq mi) while the district encompasses more than 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi). The Chenab river flows about 30 km to the northwest, and the Ravi river meanders 40 km to the southeast. The lower Chenab canal provides water to 80% of cultivated lands making it the main source of irrigation. Faisalabad is bound on the north by Chiniot and Sheikhupura, on the east by Sheikhupura and Sahiwal, on the south by Sahiwal and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.

v t e Adjoining cities to Faisalabad
Sargodha Chiniot Sheikhupura Jhang Faisalabad Lahore Gojra Samundri Tandlianwala & Okara

topography

Geology

The district of Faisalabad is part of the alluvial plains between the Himalayan foothills and the central core of the Indian subcontinent. The alluvial deposits are typically over a thousand feet thick. The scalloped interfluves are believed to have been formed during the Late Pleistocene and feature flat-topped river terraces. These were later identified as old and young floodplains of the River Ravi on the Kamalia and Chenab Plains. The old floodplains consist of Holocene deposits from the River Ravi and Chenab.

The soil consists of young stratified silt loams or very fine sand loams which gave the subsoil a very weak structure with common kankers at only five feet. The course of the rivers within Faisalabad are winding and often subject to frequent alternations. In the rainy season, the currents are very strong. This leads to high floods in certain areas which do last for a number of days. The Rakh and Gogera canals have encouraged the water levels in the district however the belt on the river ravi has remained narrow. The river bed does include the river channels which have shifted the sand bars and low sandy levees leading to river erosion.

Climate

Faisalabad has been classified as a hot desert climate (BWh) by the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system. The Pakistan Meteorological Department regularly provides forecasts, public warnings and rainfall information to farmers with the assistance of the National Agromet Centre.

The climate of the district can see extremes, with a summer maximum temperature of 50 °C (122 °F), and a winter temperature of −2 °C (28 °F). The mean maximum and minimum temperature in summer are 39 °C (102 °F) and 27 °C (81 °F) respectively. In winter temperatures tend to peak around 17 °C (63 °F) and 6 °C (43 °F) respectively. The summer season typically ranges from April to October with the hottest temperatures occurring in May, June and July. Winter season usually begins in November and continues until sometime in March with the coldest temperatures occurring in December, January and February.

Average annual rainfall is approximately 300mm (12 in), and highly seasonal with nearly half of all precipitation occurring in July and August. Record breaking rainfall of 264.2mm was recorded on the 5th September 1961 by the Pakistan Meteorological Department.

Demographics

Faisalabad was established as one of the first planned towns of British India covering an area of 3 sq. kilometres. It was initially designed to accommodate 20,000 people; however, as the land was very fertile it became a thriving centre for trade, bringing people from rural areas into the city. The city's population increased from 69,930 in 1941 to 179,000 in 1951 (152.2% increase). Much of the increase is attributed to the settlement of Muslim refugees from East Punjab and Haryana, India. In 1961, the population rose to 425,248, an increase of 137.4%. Faisalabad set a record in the demographic history of Pakistan by registering an overall population increase of 508.1% between 1941 and 1961. The industrial revolution of the 1960s also contributed to population growth. In 1961, the population was 425,248. A 1972 census ranked Faisalabad as the 3rd largest city of Pakistan with a population of 864,000. In a 1981 census, the population was 1,092,000; however, the Faisalabad Development Authority estimated the number to be 1,232,000. A 2014 demographic profile shows the population count at 3.038 million.

Religion and ethnic groups

The province of Punjab, in which Faisalabad is the second largest city, has prevalent sociocultural distinctions. Population sizes vary by district but some distinguishing factors include a young age structure, high age dependency ratio, a higher percentage of males, a higher proportion of married population, and heterogeneity in castes and languages.

Islam is the common heritage in the region with a 97.22% Muslim majority according to the 1998 Pakistan census report and 2001 population data sheet. Islamic influences are evident in the fundamental values of various inhabitants including cultural traditions, marriage, education, diet, ceremonies and policies. Most marriages follow social customs and are arranged by the parents, customarily with weddings that are colorful celebrations. Families may also celebrate the birth of a male child whereas female births are not celebrated.

The prevalent minorities, particularly Hindu and Christian, feel a sense of vulnerability because of their religious beliefs. Labourers and farmhands comprise the countless Christian villages throughout Punjab; many are descendants of people who converted from Hinduism to Christianity under the British Raj, and considered low caste by virtue of their birth. A small population of wealthy, well-educated Christians have settled in Karachi; however, as a result of increasing Islamization, religious intolerance in Pakistani society, blashphemy laws and Islamist militancy, most have left Pakistan to settle in other countries where there is more religious tolerance, such as Canada and Australia.

• Muslims - 97.22%
• Christian - 2.31%
• Ahmadi - .25%
• Hindu - .12%
• Scheduled castes - .03%
• Others - .06%

Languages

Punjabi is the dominant language spoken by over three-fourths of the population. In the south-southwest regions, Saraiki is the common language. The national language is Urdu, which is customarily used between various ethnic groups.

• Punjabi - 75.23%
• Saraiki - 17.36%
• Urdu - 4.54%
• Pushto - 1.16%
• Balochi - .66%
• Sindhi - .13%
• Others - .95%

Economy

Faisalabad contributes over 20% toward Pakitan's annual GDP; therefore, it is often referred to as the "Manchester of Pakistan". Faisalabad's average annual GDP is $20.55 billion (USD), of which 21% comes from agriculture.

Faisalabad is the centre of the textile industry in Pakistan, contributing over 70% to the textile export market of Pakistan which comprises a share of 68% of Pakistan's total exports and represents more than a 45% share in Pakistans total exports.

The Faisalabad clock tower and its eight bazaars (markets) are still a major trading zone in the city today. Each of the eight bazaars has a special name and is known for selling certain goods;

• Katchery Bazaar, named for the court (Katchery) is known for its mobile phone and accessory market.
• Rail Bazar is a gold and cloth market.
• Bhawana Bazaar supplies electrical and electronic goods.
• Jhang Bazaar supplies fish, meat, vegetables and fruits.
• Aminpur Bazaar supplies stationery and interior décor.
• Kharkhana Bazaar is known for herbal medicines.
• Gol Bazaar contains dry fruit, as well as wholesale soap, oil, and ghee shops.
• Chiniot Bazaar is famous for allopathic and homeopathic medicinal stores, cloth, blankets, sofa cloth, and curtains. It also has poultry feed wholesale shops.
• Montgomery Bazaar (also known as Sutar Mandi) is known for yarn and raw cloth trading.

Faisalabad also has large industries in the manufacturing of sugar, fertilizer, chemical, steel, rubber, leather tanning, vegetable ghee, and paints. A detailed breakdown by The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industries revealed that there are 25 ginning units, 73 spinning units, 35 weaving units, 254 processing units, 27 textile made ups, 6 sugar units, 110 foundry units, 53 rice mills, 59 soap industries, 38 flour mills and 25 confectioneries. Faisalabad is also another exporter of traditional arts and crafts. The city is known for its hand-woven clothes and wood carving. Other traditional products produced in Faisalabad include handbags, carpets, rugs, and lace.

The Faisalabad Industrial Estate developed by the Punjab Small Industries Corporation covers an area of over 244 acres. A total of 1019 plots were built of which 80% are currently occupied today. Two further industrial estates, VAC and FIC are currently under construction and due to be opened soon.

Faisalabad Dry Port started operations on an experimental basis in 1994, which export and import 33,000 export containers and 5,500 import containers per annum. Cargo is expeditiously cleared by customs at the dry port prior to unloading. An on-line tracking facility has also been provided to customers by installing trackers in the Dry Port’s registered vehicles. The Pakistan Revenue Automation Limited (PRAL) has established its office at The Dry Port to evaluate the customs duty and automation of import and export data of customs. The port was constructed on Jumhra Road. Export items include cotton yarn, grey fabrics, shoes/leather products, textile made ups, garments and bed sheets whilst import items include mineral fuel oil, RBD palm oil, textile machinery parts, chemicals, auto spare parts, and vehicles.

Within the banking sector, there are 45 commercial banks (including Islamic banks) licensed by State Bank of Pakistan to operate within the city of Faisalabad. There are also an additional 30 specialised banks, including Punjab Provincial Co-operative Bank and micro-finance banks. As agricultural exports are a major exporter the bank systems within the city offer a package known as "farm credit" to help businesses generate capital. In addition to banking, the insurance market has also grown exponentially in the city. This has led to a number of branches and firms setting up in the city, including State Life Insurance, Eastern federal Union Insurance, Jubilee Insurance and AIG Insurance.

As the economy has shown signs of improving within Pakistan due to various micro and macro economic policies, the wealth of the city has also known signs of growth. Development of international brands are also on the rise. In the late nineties, Faisalabad saw the rise of branded outlets and malls springing up. Fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, KFC, Burger King and Subway all have been very successful in the city. With more foreign investment being made in the city, there has been a rise of shopping malls and housing schemes to tailor the growing needs of the population.

Faisalabad has also received heavy investment from the Government of Punjab and the City District Government. The District Government is working with the National Highway Authority to connect Multan and Faisalabad. The construction of the M4 is planned to be completed in the next three years. Section One was inaugurated on 16 March 2015 which has linked the city to Gojra.

To deal with the energy crisis, the FCCI has been working with private companies to develop renewable energy resources such as solar energy and the construction of dams within the district. CAE, a German based renewable energy company, has disclosed plans to establish the first solar panel manufacturing facility in Faisalabad, second of its kind in Asia, with intentions of investing upwards of €100 million (Rs12.9 billion) for its development.

Transportation

There are many ways to get in and around Faisalabad. Public transportation in Faisalabad includes auto-rickshaws, buses and railways. An international airport on the outskirts of the city operates flights to the Middle East.

Road

The majority of roads are under the control of the National Highway Authority (Pakistan), linking Faisalabad with other cities of the country. The roads meet international standards and have improved logistical networks for freight companies.

National Highways and Motorways Passing Through Faisalabad

Faisalabad is connected by Road to various parts of the country through several National Highways and Motorways:

• The Grand Trunk Road, otherwise known as GT Road, is the original highway that links Faisalabad to most parts of Pakistan as well as neighbouring countries. GT Road was the main highway that ran through the district before the completion of the motorways.
• The M3 motorway (Pakistan) or M3 is an access-controlled motorway connecting Faisalabad with the M2 motorway (Pakistan) or M2 via the Pindi Bhattian Interchange. The M2 was the first motorway connecting Rawalpindi and Islamabad to Lahore.
• The M4 motorway (Pakistan) or M4 is an access-controlled motorway connecting Faisalabad to Multan. The M4 once complete will join the M5 which will run to the southern city of Karachi.

Important Roads in Faisalabad

• The Faisalabad Bypass is the ring road of the city.
• The Canal Expressway connects the Sahianwala motorway interchange (located on the M3) to Samundri via Canal Road (Gatwala Chowk).
• Jhang Road leads to Jhang, Pir Mahal, Toba Tek Singh and towards Multan.
• The Sheikhupura-Lahore Road connects the city centre to both cities and Gujranwala.
• Sargodha Road connects the city to the Chiniot, Chenab Nagar and eventually Sargodha.
• Samundri Road is the main route to Samundri and Okara.
• Satyana Road connects the city with the lower Punjab towards Sahiwal, Burewala and Multan.
• Jaranwala road connects the city to Jaranwala and Nankana Sahib
• The Sargodha-Faisalabad Expressway connects Sargodha with the city.

Buses

The Faisalabad Urban Transport System Service (FUTS) is the main bus operator within the city. It was launched in 1994, and operates a number of large CNG buses and smaller Toyota hiace vans connecting the majority of the city. There is another public-private run bus operator, Brothers Metro, which is a consortium between the government of Punjab and a private firm who operates a fleet of air-conditioned CNG buses.

Coaches

Being at a road and rail junction, the city is well connected by several coach companies that offer inter-city travel to most parts of Pakistan. Several bus operators offer quick services to the provincial capital, Lahore, as well as Islamabad, Jhang, Multan, Peshawar, Karachi and several smaller localities. The city bus terminal is located on Station Road which is home to a number of privately-run coach services. Some of the most popular ones are Bilal Daewoo Express, Khan Brothers Flying Coach, Niazi Express and Kohistan Bus Services. Etihad Airways also launched a dedicated coach service for its passengers travelling from the city to Lahore Airport.

Rails

The Faisalabad railway station is the central railway station in the city. The railway line forms part of the Khanewal-Wazirabad railway branch line. Rail services are operated by Pakistan Railways, owned and operated by the Ministry of Railways (Pakistan). The city's administrative office is located at the station that is headed by an Assistant Operation Officer (AOO).

Active Train Services that pass through Faisalabad

As of January 2016, the following train services operate to and from the city.

• The Akbar Express originates in Quetta and continues to Lahore via Faisalabad.
• The Badar Express is a direct train from Lahore to Faisalabad.
• The Ghouri Express is a direct train from Lahore to Faisalabad.
• The Karakoram Express originates at Karachi Cant and continues to Lahore.
• The Millat Express originates in Karachi and terminates at Malakwal.
• The Night Coach Express is a overnight train that orignates in Karachi which terminates at Lahore.
• The Pakistan Express originates in Karachi which continues to Rawalpindi.
• The Shalimar Express originates in Karachi Cantt and terminates at Lahore.

Cargo Services

The Cargo Express service is operated by Pakistan Railways which runs from Karachi to Faisalabad via Multan. Twenty-seven bogies comprise the goods train, and are handled respectively by private contractors at the station. The station has a special cargo facility operated by the Ministry of Railways (Pakistan) for handling various goods from the city to other regions of the country. Cargo includes salt from Khewra Salt Mines and final textile goods to Karachi.

Air traffic

Faisalabad International Airport is approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city centre and is a major airport for domestic and international travel. The airport also includes a cargo facility. As of January 2016, passenger flights are run by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines, and a number of middle eastern carriers. There are seasonal Hajj operations to Jeddah and Medina operated by Shaheen Air. FlyDubai became the first international carrier to launch operations from the city followed by Qatar Airways, Air Arabia and Gulf Air.

In 2015, significant upgrades and renovations to the airport were initiated by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority, including updates to aviation technology, construction of additional areas and services for travelers, and the expansion of air traffic capabilities to accommodate wide-body aircraft such as the Boeing 777.

Culture

Faisalabad is the second largest city in the province of Punjab. It is an epicenter for trade and has gained much popularity for its colonial heritage sites. The city established its arts council in 1982, now housed at the Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Arts Auditorium, and its museum in 2011.

Festivals

There are a number of cultural and religious festivals that take place in the city. The city celebrates its independence day by raising the Pakistan flag at the clock tower in the old city and the Commissioner Office. The markets are decorated with colourful buntings and all government and private buildings are illuminated with white and green lights. The government services including the police, fire and ambulance services usually hold a motorcade through the city on the same day.

The arrival of spring brings the annual "Rang-e-Bahar" festival where the Parks & Horticulture Authority of the city district government organise a flower show and exhibition at Jinnah Gardens. The University of Agriculture also organises a similar event at their main campus which is known as the "Kissan Mela". The festival of Basant which involves kite flying is an annual tradition in the city despite the ban. The provincial government also introduced the "Canal Mela" which involves five days of festivities including the main canal in the city being decorated with national floats and lights ending with a musical concert to conclude the festival.

Being a Muslim majority the city religious observances include Ramadan and Muharram. The festivals of Chaand Raat, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are celebrated and are national holidays. The celebration of the Prophet Muhammad birthday is also observed in the city which is often referred to as "Eid Milād-un-Nabī". There are a number of darbar and shrines which attract a number of devotees during the annual Urs. There are a number of Christian churches in the city where Easter and Christmas services take place each year.

Fashion

In the more rural regions of the district, the traditional dhoti and kurta is worn which is accompanied by a pagri (turban). Usually on Friday, Faisalabadi men typically wear a white shalwar kameez when attending the mosque for Jummah prayer. Faisalabadi women also wear the shalwar kameez accompanied with a dupatta (scarf). Traditional lacha, bangles and paranda are also used. Saris and lehngas which have substantial detail and embroidery work are traditionally worn for Marriage in Pakistan.

Faisalabad Fashion Week takes place every year in the city where designers display their latest work. Faisalabad Institute of Textile and Fashion Design at the Government College University teaches Fashion Design as part of their Fine Arts program. Furthermore, the National Textile University hosts a graduate fashion show every year in the city.

Cuisine

Faisalabad cuisine is very much Punjabi cuisine, most of which originated during the realms of the Mughal and Colonial empires. Key ingredients include rice or roti (flatbread) served with a vegetable or non-vegetable curry, a salad consisting of spiced tomatoes and onions, and yogurt. This is usually accompanied by a variety of South Asian sweets such as Jaggery, Gajar Ka Halwa, Gulab jamun, and Jalebi. Tandoori BBQ specialties consist of a variety of naan bread served with tandoori chicken, chicken tikka or lamb shish kebabs served with a mint chutney.

Street foods are a key element to Faislabadi cuisine. Samosas (deep fried pastry filled with vegetables or meat) topped with an onion salad and two types of chutney. There is even a square dedicated to them in the old city. Other street foods include, dahi bhale (deep fried vadas in creamy yoghurt), Gol Gappay (fried round puri filled with vegetables and topped with tamarind chutney) and vegetable or chicken pakoras. Biryani and Murgh Pilao rice are also a specialty in Faisalabad.

A typical breakfast in Faislabadi is Halwa poori comprising a deep fried flatbread served with a spicy chickpea curry and sweet orange coloured halwa. It is customarily accompanied by a sweet or salty yoghurt based drink called Lassi. During winter, a common breakfast is roghni naan bread served with Paya curry.

Specialty drinks vary depending on climate. During winter, a variety of hot drinks are available, such as Rabri Doodh, a creamy dessert drink commonly made with full-fat milk, almonds, pistachios and basil seeds, Dhood Patti (milky tea), and Kashmiri Chai, a pink coloured milky tea containing almonds and pistachios. During summer, drinks such as sugar cane rusk, limo pani (iced lemon water), skanjvi (iced orange and black pepper) and Lassi are common.

There are also Chinese and American franchises that cater to the local community by offering specialty burgers and pizzas, such as the McDonald's McArabia, a grilled chicken, pita bread sandwich with tomatoes, lettuce and garlic sauce. Pizza Hut offers the BBQ Seekh Kebab flatbread, and the Chicken Jalfrezi pizza.

Literature

Being a relatively small town pre-independence, there were a number of writers and poets who migrated to India during the war of independence. Post independence, with more focus on economic and industrial polices, the literacy rate suffered during the 1980s with only 40% of the population being literate. It was not until the early 1990s that the city's efforts focused more on education which resulted in increased enrollment in higher education. By 2008, the literacy rate had risen to 70%. In 2014, the city held its first literary festival which brought a number of writers to the city to encourage the community to follow the arts. Two literary groups were also established, The Faisalabad Union of Column Writers and The Faisalabad Union of Journalists, to bring together printed media personalities to provide training to budding writers from the city.

Recreation

Parks and open spaces

Faisalabad is home to a number of parks and majority of them are maintained by the Parks and Horticulture Authority. Jinnah Garden is known as the oldest and central park in the city, commonly known as “Company Bagh”. The monument of Sir Charles James Lyall is situated here. The Chenab Club is located in the surroundings of Jinnah Garden, which was built during colonial rule. The park contains a Pakistan Air Force F-86 Sabre, several fountains and colonial pavilions.

Canal Park, on the west bank of the Rakh Branch Canal, is a newly opened park for families. The Gatwala Wildlife Park is a botanical natural reserve located at Gatwala that was renovated by the city district government. The Pahari Grounds near D Ground is also another park that has undergone renovation and a Pakistan Air Force F-86 Sabre is also on display here.

Sports

Cricket is a popular sport in Faisalabad. Regional and international cricket matches are held in Iqbal Stadium, named after Pakistani poet Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal, and home to Faisalabad's local team, the Faisalabad Wolves. Iqbal Stadium hosted the 2011 inaugural Faysal Bank Super Eight Twenty20 Cricket Cup, the 1987 Cricket World Cup, and the 1996 Cricket World Cup.

The Faisalabad Hockey Stadium located on Susan Road hosts field hockey matches for both national and international competition, such as the Pakistan-China Hockey Series. The stadium's maximum capacity can accommodate 36,000 spectators.

In October 2002, the Government College University established a Directorate of Sports to promote university and national level sports for male and female players. Infrastructure and facilities are available for university players in track, hockey, tennis, basketball, table tennis, badminton and cricket pitch.

Education

The population of Faisalabad has a literacy rate of approximately 60%, with a split of 69% for males and 46% for females (all figures are higher than the national average within the country).

Faisalabad has several research and educational institutions, both public and private, such as the University of Agriculture, Government College University, National Textile University, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, University of Faisalabad, and the University of Engineering & Technology of Lahore. In 2014, the University of Agriculture ranked 1st in agriculture and 4th overall for universities in Pakistan according to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC), and was ranked 142nd in the 2013 Top 200 World Universities for agriculture and forestry by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS).

Public libraries and museums

There are two libraries that are open to the public: Allama Iqbal Library and Municipal Corporation Public Library. They are funded and regulated by the Government of Punjab, Pakistan under the service sector.

• Allama Iqbal Library is located on University Road, opposite the District Courts. The library is housed in the 1911-built colonial building originally named "Coronation Library" during the rule of the British Empire. In 2012, the building came under control of the Lyallpur Heritage Foundation and the Punjab Archives and Libraries Department. Membership is open to all - with 500 rupees joining fee and one proof of identification.
• Lyallpur Museum is located adjacent to the Allama Iqbal Library on University Road. It is a heritage museum and art gallery open to the public. The museum is primarily focused on regional history with a collection of artwork, artefacts and photographs.
• Municipal Corporation Public Library is located on Narwala Road opposite the historical grounds of Dhobi Ghat. The library has a large collection of books, a photo gallery and a conference centre. In 2011, the library underwent a renovation costing 40 million rupees.
• The Forest Library at the Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI) is one of two specialist libraries, the other being in Lahore. Opened in 1986, the research library is based at the Wildlife Research Center in Gatwala.

Media

Entertainment and film

In the last few years, the cinema industry has picked up again in the city, with two brand new cinemas being inaugurated. Cinepax by Hotel One has proved to be a successful project. Cine Nagina has also been seeing locals return to the big screen. Faisalabad is also expected to have its first bowling alley inaugated in 2015.

Radio

The government of Pakistan installed the first radio transmitters in the city on the 15th September 1982. Today known as "Radio Pakistan", the radio station broadcasts two FM stations. Both "Radio Pakistan FM101" and "Radio Pakistan FM93" are the official government regulated broadcasting services in the city. FM101 became operation in 2002 whilst FM93 went live in 2010 (both Standard Power KW 2.5). Over the years a number of private organisation have emerged as a result of private investment to provide a range of entertainment and news services.

Sister cities

The following list of cities have ties with the city of Faisalabad:

City	Region	Country	Year
Manchester	England	United Kingdom	1997
Kobe	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	2000

See also

References

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12. http://www.fcci.com.pk/the-faisalabad-chamber-of-commerce-industry.html History of the FCCI
13. http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/ground/58927.html Iqbal Stadium stats
14. http://www.thenewstribe.com/2015/04/30/pakistani-cueist-hamza-akbar-wins-asian-snooker-championship/ Pakistani cueist Hamza Akbar wins Asian Snooker Championship
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29. http://www.uaf.edu.pk/ The University of Agriculture
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39. District Towns in Faisalabad
40. http://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad TMA Faisalabad Division
41. http://www.urbanunit.gov.pk/PublicationDocs/28.pdf Assessment of Land Development and Management Practices in Five Large Cities of Punjab
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48. http://faisalabadpolice.gov.pk/page.php?id=111 Contact us Faisalabad City Police
49. http://faisalabadpolice.gov.pk/page.php?id=110 City Police Formations
50. http://punjab.gov.pk/node/806 Government of Punjab Portal: Faisalabad Emergency Services
51. http://wasafaisalabad.gop.pk/Home/WaterService Water Services: WASA
52. http://wasafaisalabad.gop.pk/Home/WASAProfile WASA Profile: The City Faisalabad
53. ^ http://www.asb.org.pk/WASA%20faisalabad.pdf Project for the improvement of water supply in Faisalabad
54. http://www.jica.go.jp/pakistan/english/office/topics/press141017.html Japan gifts WASA Faisalabad with Equipment to improve Sewerage and Drainage system
55. http://faisalabad.gov.pk/CityGeography.aspx City District Faisalabad: Geography section
56. ^ http://prr.hec.gov.pk/chapters/2356-2.pdf Geology Study of Pakistan: Study Area and Sampling
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59. http://namc.pmd.gov.pk/advisories.php Weather Advisory for Farmers - Pakistan Meteorological Department PMD
60. http://namc.pmd.gov.pk/ramc-faisalabad.php Faisalabad - National Agromet Centre
61. Pakistan Meteorological Department http://www.pmd.gov.pk/ Retrieved 18 January 2016
62. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-24201241 Who are Pakistan's Christians?
63. http://www.lhf.gop.pk/before-renovation-of-pakistan-model-school-faisalabad/ Renovation of Pakistan Model School
64. India Unbound: from Independence to the Global Information age by Gurcharan Das
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68. ^ "Who are Pakistan's Christians?". BBC. September 23, 2013.
69. "Pakistani Christian refugees face ordeal in Thailand". FOX News Network, LLC. August 3, 2015.
70. "Cluster Profile Light Engineering, Faisalabad". Small & Medium Enterprise Development Authority Ministry of Industries. September 6, 2012. p. Introduction–3.
71. http://pakistaniat.com/2008/04/15/faisalabad-ghanta-ghar/
72. http://www.thelovelyplanet.net/clock-tower-of-faisalabad-pakistan/
73. The FCCI Faisalabad Profile
74. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Regional_Profile,Faisalabad.pdf Regional Profile: Faisalabad Dry Port
75. http://tribune.com.pk/story/865137/benefiting-farmers-rs965m-allocated-for-roads-in-faisalabad-rural-areas/ Benefiting farmers: ‘Rs965m allocated for roads in Faisalabad rural areas’
76. http://www.nespak.com.pk/projects/major.asp?Ar=1&sector=3 Major projects related to Communication Sector > Motorways
77. dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/267820-Acting-Governor-Punjab-inaugurates-FaisalabadGojr Acting Governor Punjab inaugurates Faisalabad-Gojra Motorway
78. http://www.brecorder.com/business-a-economy/189/1189242/ FCCI chief calls for construction of dams
79. http://tribune.com.pk/story/491194/renewable-energy-german-firm-to-set-up-first-solar-panel-plant-in-pakistan/ Renewable energy: German firm to set up first solar panel plant in Pakistan
80. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-39977-UK-to-provide-$92m-for-motorways-construction UK to provide $92m for motorways construction
81. http://www.atlasofbritempire.com/Legacy.html Left-side Driving
82. http://tribune.com.pk/story/867374/upgrades-faisalabad-airport-to-go-international-soon/ Upgrades: Faisalabad Airport to go international soon
83. Public Transport in Pakistan: A Critical Overview by Muhammad Imran
84. http://www.cm.punjab.gov.pk/node/1619 CNG Air Conditioned Urban Transport Service Introduced in Faisalabad
85. http://111bus444.com/ Bilal Daewoo Express
86. Etihad Bus Service from Lahore to Sialkot & Faisalabad
87. http://www.railpk.com/faisalabad.html Train Timings at Faisalabad Railway Station
88. http://www.dawn.com/news/1149270 Karachi-Faisalabad route: Railways to resume cargo express
89. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Regional_Profile,Faisalabad.pdf Regional Profile: Faisalabad Railway Services
90. http://www.caapakistan.com.pk/upload/Aviation%20Statistics/MTF%20by%20Airports%202008_09.pdf Faisalabad sits at number eight in CAA Official Stats
91. http://tribune.com.pk/story/941243/pilgrimage-first-hajj-flight-leaves-from-faisalabad-today/ Pilgrimage: First Hajj flight leaves from Faisalabad today
92. http://www.anna.aero/2015/07/17/qatar-airways-becomes-faisalabads-second-international-service/ Qatar Airways becomes Faisalabad’s second international service
93. https://www.gulfair.com/media-centre/press-releases/gulf-air-adds-faisalabad-and-multan-to-pakistan-network Gulf Air Adds Faisalabad and Multan to Pakistan Network
94. http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/83727-Ascertaining-truth-in-Shujaat-Azeem-controversy Ascertaining truth in Shujaat Azeem controversy
95. http://faisalabadartscouncil.gov.pk/fac/faisalabad-literary-festival-2015/ Faisalabad Literacy Festival 2015
96. https://web.archive.org/web/20040206113917/http://chenabclub.com/viewred/history.htm
97. http://www.fcci.com.pk/a-histroty-of-faisalabad-city.html History of Faisalabad
98. http://www.pakistanitourism.com/faisalabad_city
99. http://www.faisalabadartscouncil.gov.pk/ Faisalabad Art Council
100. http://lyallpurmuseum.gov.pk/lm/press-release/ Lyallpur Museum Press Releases
101. http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/pakistan/faisalabad/festivals Festivals in Faisalabad
102. http://tribune.com.pk/story/938311/patriotism-gigantic-flag-unveiled-in-faisalabad/ Patriotism: Gigantic flag unveiled in Faisalabad
103. http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/56607-faisalabad-city-news Rallies, functions organised on I-Day in Faisalabad
104. http://phafsd.gop.pk/ Annual Chrysanthemum Festival 2015
105. http://www.uaf.edu.pk/festival.html Spring Festival 13–17 March 2012
106. https://www.facebook.com/events/809962542372694/ Spring Festival/Kisan Mela 2015
107. http://tribune.com.pk/story/120590/faisalabad-celebrates-basant-despite-ban/ Faisalabad celebrates Basant despite ban
108. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/25-Apr-2015/canal-mela-to-begin-on-apr-26 anal mela to begin on Apr 26
109. http://tribune.com.pk/story/957301/govt-announces-four-day-eidul-azha-holidays/ Public holidays announced for Eid
110. http://tribune.com.pk/story/1016035/walks-rallies-mark-eid-milad-in-faisalabad/ Walks, rallies mark: Eid Milad in Faisalabad
111. http://punjab.gov.pk/node/259 Faisalabad - Shrines / Tombs
112. http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/314553-Christmas-Carol-services-sermons-ongoing-in-Laho Christmas: Carol services, sermons ongoing in Lahore churches
113. http://tribune.com.pk/story/1011191/christmas-bazaars-open-on-dec-22/ Christmas Bazaars open on Dec 22
114. http://www.traveltopakistan.co.uk/dressings-pakistan/Dressings in Pakistan
115. http://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/Cultural-life#ref989459 Daily life and social customs in Pakistan
116. http://www.traveltopakistan.co.uk/dressings-pakistan/ Wedding Dresses in Pakistan
117. https://www.facebook.com/Faisalabadfashionweek2013 Official Faisalabad Fashion Week Facebook page
118. http://gcuf.edu.pk/faculties/arts/fine-arts/bfa-fashion-design/
119. http://ntu.edu.pk/adm-undergraduate.php
120. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFx-dQjOunU Faisalabad's famous jalebis
121. http://www.tdcp.gop.pk/tdcp/ExplorePakistan/AboutPunjab/MajorCities/Faisalabad/WhattoEatinFaisalabad/tabid/682/Default.aspx Tourism Development Corporation of Pakistan: What to Eat in Faisalabad
122. http://www.dawn.com/news/1170367 Food: My quest for the best nihari in Lahore
123. http://www.subrung.com/travel-pakistan/faisalabad/food-not-to-miss-in-faisalabad.html
124. http://www.qatarairways.com/global/en/destinations/flights-to-faisalabad.page Eating in Faisalabad
125. http://www.subrung.com/travel-pakistan/faisalabad/food-not-to-miss-in-faisalabad.html Food not to miss in Faisalabad
126. http://www.samaa.tv/editor-s-choice/2011/04/lassi-shop-in-faisalabad/ Lassi shop in Faisalabad
127. http://www.journeum.com/dst/Asia/Pakistan/Punjab/Faisalabad/Drink/ Where to drink in Faisalabad
128. http://historypak.com/faisalabad/ History of Pakistan: Faisalabad
129. https://twitter.com/PizzaHutPak/status/524953431631360003
130. http://unesco.org.pk/education/life/nfer_library/Reports/4-39.pdf UNESCO Literacy Rates in Pakistan
131. http://unesco.org.pk/education/life/nfer_library/Reports/4-39.pdf
132. http://faisalabadliteraryfestival.org/ Faisalabad Literary Festival 2014
133. http://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/tag/faisalabad-union-of-journalists/ Journalists’ Day: Working conditions need to improve
134. http://www.panoramio.com/photo/82796453 Bab e Pakistan D-Ground Faisalabad
135. http://www.samaa.tv/editor-s-choice/11-Oct-2013/tent-pegging-competition-in-faisalabad-animals-market Tent Pegging Competition in Faisalabad via Samma Tv
136. http://phafsd.gop.pk/ Official Website to PHA Faisalabad
137. http://thechenabclub.com/ Official website to The Chenab Club Ltd
138. https://www.flickr.com/photos/8473389@N03/6864890992 Company Bagh Pavilion
139. http://www.fcci.com.pk/a-histroty-of-faisalabad-city.html Places of Interest/Tourism, FCCI website
140. http://www.fwf.punjab.gov.pk/gatwala_forest_wildlife_park Gatwala Forest Wildlife Park
141. http://tribune.com.pk/story/830467/350000-trees-to-be-planted-in-faisalabad/ 350,000 trees to be planted in Faisalabad
142. Andrew McGlashan. "Iqbal Stadium". ESPN Sports Media Ltd. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
143. url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/grounds/2005-iqbal-stadium-faisalabad-groundprofile
144. http://www.nihao-salam.com/news-detail.php?id=ODQx Third match of Pakistan China Hockey Series on Saturday in Faisalabad
145. http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/pakistan.shtml World Stadiums, Stadiums in Pakistan
146. "Directorate of Sports". Government College University Faisalabad. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
147. http://nation.com.pk/national/20-Mar-2013/low-female-literacy-rate-in-country-regretted Low female literacy rate in country regretted
148. "Ranking 2014 of Pakistani Higher Education Institutes" (PDF). Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. 2014. pp. 6–10. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
149. Riazul Haqand (June 17, 2013). "2013 rank: Three Pakistani Universities Among World's Top 200 Ranking". The Express Tribune. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
150. http://punjab.gov.pk/node/599 Faisalabad - Public libraries
151. https://www.flickr.com/photos/lyallpur/20007331880 Pre Partition 1947 Coronation Library (1911) Lyallpur (Faisalabad) Punjab
152. http://tribune.com.pk/story/427461/lyllpur-museum-body-formed-to-acquire-conserve-artifacts/ Lyallpur Museum: Body formed to acquire, conserve artifacts
153. http://tribune.com.pk/story/516789/public-libraries-and-archive-department-formed/ Public Libraries and Archive Department formed
154. http://www.demotiximages.com/news/2254905/lyallpur-museum-process-opening/all-media Lyallpur Museum in the process of opening, 13 July 2013 by Abdul Majid
155. http://municipallibraryfsd.com/ Municipal Library Official website
156. http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/03/24/national/municipal-library-building-to-be-reconstructed/ Municipal Library building to be reconstructed
157. http://fwf.punjab.gov.pk/libraries Forest Library at PFRI Gatwala, Faisalabad
158. http://fwf.punjab.gov.pk/WRC_gatwala Wildlife Research Center Gatwala, Faisalabad
159. Cinepax Faisalabad
160. http://cinenagina.com/ Cine Nagina Faisalabad
161. https://www.facebook.com/FaisalabadCityDistrictAdministrationOfficial The first ever bowling alley in Pakistan, imported from Brazil, being fitted in Faisalabad. Posted on 27th April 2015
162. http://www.radio.gov.pk/chronologyofpbc Chronology of the PCB
163. http://www.radio.gov.pk/fmstations FM Stations Radio Pakistan
164. Eight Pakistani cities have 47 sister cities around the world

External links

• Faisalabad City District
• Punjab Government website
• Template:Dmoz
• Faisalabad travel guide from Wikivoyage

v t e Faisalabad District
Faisalabad	Tehsil municipal administrations Chak Jhumra Iqbal Town Jaranwala Jinnah Lyallpur Madina Samundri Tandlianwala Neighbourhoods Abdullahpur Batala Colony D Ground Gobind Pura Gulbahar Colony Gulberg Gulistan Colony Ghulam Muhammad Abad Madan Pura Manawala Mansoorabad Nishatabad
Cities and towns	Aminpur Awagat Bajra Bilochwala Bismillapur Chak Jhumra Dijkot Ghator Goughabad Hari Singwala Jaranwala Khurrianwala Makuana Mamu Kanjan Painsra Rurala Road Sadhar Salarwala Samundri Tandlianwala
Villages	Ballowana Banga Chak Banga Bhaiwala Buchiana Burj Mandi Chajjwal Chak 65 GB Mukandpur Chak 118 GB, Jallandhar Sufaid Poshan Chak 190 RB Karari Kalan Chak 217 GB Chak 233 GB Kot Barseer Chak 234 GB Chak 235 GB Partab Garh Chak 236 GB Kilanwala Chak 382 GB Sarwarwali Chak 434 Gb Jhamra Chak 500 GB Chicha Dabbora Danabad Dasuha Ghangha Pur Jagdeo Jassuana Jhalandhar Araiyan Johal Kamalpur Karamsar Khichian Khushpur Kohali Leelan Mahallam Malikpur Nara Dada Niamuana Pathanwala Peerwana Ram Diwali Ram Garh Rissiana Sabuana Sahianwala Satiana Shamsabad Surajpur Tararn Wala Tarn Taran Thikriwala

Template:Million-plus cities in Pakistan

sector=3 Major projects related to Communication Sector

• Faisalabad
• Populated places in Faisalabad District
• Metropolitan areas of Pakistan
• Planned cities in Pakistan