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]]] ]]]


e Iraqi constitution]] which ensured to restore the situation before Saddam Hussein's assimilation and deportation policies.
'''Kurdification''' is a cultural change in which something ] non-] is made to become Kurdish, usually in contexts of ], in particular in relation to ], ], ] and the ] of the ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Al-Ali, Pratt|first=Nadje Sadig, Nicola Christine|title=What kind of liberation?: women and the occupation of Iraq|year=2009|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25729-0|pages=109|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7KnoG_52Jh8C&pg=PA109}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Preti Taneja, Minority Rights Group International|title=Assimilation, exodus, eradication: Iraq's minority communities since 2003|year=2007|publisher=Minority Rights Group International|pages=19|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c22553,4565c25f653,469cbf9d0,0.html}}</ref><ref> (AsiaNews, October 2007)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR’s ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS|page=11|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/46deb05557.pdf}}</ref> Kurds claim that Kurdification is used for the ] which ensured to restore the situation before Saddam Hussein's assimilation and deportation policies.


==History== ==History==
Kurdification has been an open policy of the KRG since 2003, according to Gareth Stansfield, a professor of Middle East politics at the University of Exeter.<ref>http://time.com/3182347/kurds-sunni-arabs-iraq-isis-erbil/</ref> Kurdification has been an open policy of the KRG since 2003, according to Gareth Stansfield, a professor of Middle East politics at the University of Exeter.<ref>http://time.com/3182347/kurds-sunni-arabs-iraq-isis-erbil/</ref>


Kurds have annexed Assyrian, Yazidi and Shabak villages which are now under Kurdish Control in North Iraq and in Turkey.<ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20140614185547.htm</ref><ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20150810104756.htm</ref> In some towns, Assyrian politicians have been replaced with Kurdish ones.<ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20140614185547.htm</ref> The entire Assyrian Triangle (between Greater Zab and the River Tigris) has been occupied by Kurdish intruders.<ref>https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/14007-assyrians-need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification</ref><ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20110930190835.htm</ref> Kurds have annexed Assyrian, Yazidi and Shabak villages which are now under Kurdish Control in North Iraq and in Turkey.<ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20140614185547.htm</ref><ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20150810104756.htm</ref> In some towns, Assyrian -need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification</ref> The Hareetz newspaper reported that the Kurds object to the establishment of a protected Christian enclave, because they want to annex the Nineveh Valley, most of whose residents are Christians.<ref>https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/14007-assyrians-need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification, Haaretz newspaper on 24 December 2010</ref><ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20110930190835.htm</ref>
⚫ y cases of Yazidi women being abducted and forced to marry members of the Kurdish security force ].<ref>http://www.minorityrights.org/5742/iraq/yezidis.html</ref>{{dead link|date=January 2016}} However, the report was never confirmed by other organizations or authorities.


<ref>http://rudaw.net/english/people-places/28052014</ref> The ] recognizes the Yazidis as a distinct ].<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR’s ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS|page=11|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/46deb05557.pdf}}</ref>
It is alleged that Kurds have clear plans for the annexation of the Nineveh Plains to the Kurdish occupation and they have always attempted to interrupt international protection for Assyrians in international forums.<ref>https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/14007-assyrians-need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification</ref> The Hareetz newspaper reported that the Kurds object to the establishment of a protected Christian enclave, because they want to annex the Nineveh Valley, most of whose residents are Christians.<ref>https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/14007-assyrians-need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification, Haaretz newspaper on 24 December 2010</ref><ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20110930190835.htm</ref>

Some Yazidis expressed concern over forced assimilation into Kurdish culture and identity. Some have accused the Kurdish parties of diverting US $12 million reconstruction funds allocated for Yazidi areas in ] to a Kurdish village and ] them politically.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR’s ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS|page=11|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/46deb05557.pdf}}</ref>
According to the ], in 2009, "The goal of these tactics is to push ] and ] communities to identify as ] ]. The Kurdish authorities are working hard to impose Kurdish identity on two of the most vulnerable minorities in Iraq, the Yazidis and the Shabaks".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ghanim|first1=David|title=Iraq's Dysfunctional Democracy|page=34|url=http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=ZZ076ls9unQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Iraq%27s+Dysfunctional+Democracy&hl=tr&sa=X&ei=qsHsU9n8I4rmyQPLs4DYCg&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Iraq's%20Dysfunctional%20Democracy&f=false}}</ref>

⚫ Some sources have reported that, since 2003, there have been many cases of Yazidi women being abducted and forced to marry members of the Kurdish security force ].<ref>http://www.minorityrights.org/5742/iraq/yezidis.html</ref>{{dead link|date=January 2016}} However, the report was never confirmed by other organizations or authorities.

In addition to the Kurdish-speaking majority, there are significant Yazidi communities that speak ] as their native mother language.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Betts|first1=Robert Brenton|title=The Sunni-Shi'a Divide: Islam's Internal Divisions and Their Global Consequences|date=2013|url=http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=luSHLVR5XZUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Sunni-Shi%27a+Divide:+Islam%27s+Internal+Divisions+and+Their+Global+Consequences&hl=tr&sa=X&ei=HUn0U_PlN8agyAOBh4GIBw&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=arabic%20speaking%20yazidis&f=false}}</ref> In 2002, at the request of a group of Yazidis led by Tamoyan, the ]n parliament recognized the Yazidis as a separate ].<ref>http://rudaw.net/english/people-places/28052014</ref> The ] recognizes the Yazidis as a distinct ].<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR’s ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS|page=11|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/46deb05557.pdf}}</ref>


A quote from a lawyer Kuryo Meytap in an interview: "The policy of Kurdification is operated for decades. The ]n history is systematically distorted, many Assyrian villages still be kept busy, the names of the Assyrian cities and villages are specifically converted into ]."<ref>http://bethnahrin.de/2009/08/18/daher-sollten-wir-diese-einrichtungen-durch-gezieltes-werben-in-unserer-umgebung-und-innerhalb-unseres-volkes-dabei-unterstuetzen-dass-das-ace-sowie-das-seyfo-center-finanziell-mehr-unterstuetzt-we/</ref> A quote from a lawyer Kuryo Meytap in an interview: "The policy of Kurdification is operated for decades. The ]n history is systematically distorted, many Assyrian villages still be kept busy, the names of the Assyrian cities and villages are specifically converted into ]."<ref>http://bethnahrin.de/2009/08/18/daher-sollten-wir-diese-einrichtungen-durch-gezieltes-werben-in-unserer-umgebung-und-innerhalb-unseres-volkes-dabei-unterstuetzen-dass-das-ace-sowie-das-seyfo-center-finanziell-mehr-unterstuetzt-we/</ref>
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==Flags of the ethnic and national minorities in Iraq== ==Flags of the ethnic and national minorities in Iraq==


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Assyrian Flag !! Turkmen Flag !! Shabak Flag !! Yazidi Flag
|-
| ] || ] || ] || ]
|}

== See also ==
*]
*]
*] in Iraq
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* "The Kurdification procedure was soon implemented by the Kurdish leadership after toppling Saddam down in April 2003"
*Park, Bill, ''The Kurds and post-Saddam political arrangements in Iraq'' The Adelphi Papers (2005), Taylor & Francis: "The Kurds, who are intent on the further ‘Kurdification’ of Kirkuk before any census is held"
*Park, Bill, ''Iraqi scenarios'', The Adelphi Papers, Volume 45, Number 374, May 2005, pp.&nbsp;49–66
* "recent months Turkish intelligence has begun to report Turcoman frustration with Ankara’s failure to prevent the increasing ‘Kurdification’ of northern Iraq"

{{Cultural assimilation|sp=ize}}

]
]
]
]
] ]

Revision as of 11:51, 19 February 2016

Map of Iraqi Kurdistan

e Iraqi constitution]] which ensured to restore the situation before Saddam Hussein's assimilation and deportation policies.

History

Kurdification has been an open policy of the KRG since 2003, according to Gareth Stansfield, a professor of Middle East politics at the University of Exeter.

Kurds have annexed Assyrian, Yazidi and Shabak villages which are now under Kurdish Control in North Iraq and in Turkey. In some towns, Assyrian -need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification</ref> The Hareetz newspaper reported that the Kurds object to the establishment of a protected Christian enclave, because they want to annex the Nineveh Valley, most of whose residents are Christians. y cases of Yazidi women being abducted and forced to marry members of the Kurdish security force Asayish. However, the report was never confirmed by other organizations or authorities.

The United Nations recognizes the Yazidis as a distinct ethnic group.

A quote from a lawyer Kuryo Meytap in an interview: "The policy of Kurdification is operated for decades. The Assyrian history is systematically distorted, many Assyrian villages still be kept busy, the names of the Assyrian cities and villages are specifically converted into Kurdish."

According to Hunain Qaddo, President of the Iraqi Minorities Council, Shabaks are currently undergoing a process of Kurdification.

On 15 August 2005, Shabaks organised a demonstration under the slogan "We are the Shabak, not the Kurds and not the Arabs", demanding recognition of their unique ethnic identity. The demonstration came under fire from Kurdistan Democratic Party militia.

On 21 August 2006, Shabak Democratic Party leader Hunain Qaddo, proposed the creation of a separate province within the borders of the Nineveh Plain, in order to combat the Kurdification and Arabization of Iraqi minorities.

In 2008, Mr Mirza Ismail, chairman of London Yezidis Community-Canada, accused the Kurdistan Regional Government of forcing Yazidis to register as Kurds, expanding Kurdish settlements in Yazidi regions, and forcing Yazidis out of Sinjar city.

In October 2015, Amnesty International said YPG had driven thousands of civilians from northern Syria and destroyed their homes in retaliation for perceived links to ISIL. Majority of the destroyed homes belonged to the Arabs, but also to Turkmens and Kurds. Turkish Daily Sabah claimed that Amnesty International has said that Kurdish PYD conducted ethnic cleansing against Turkmens and Arabs after seizing Tal Abyad. However, Amnesty International has published only one report about the Syrian Kurdish forces and it is related to destroying villages and homes, not ethnic cleansing at all. Arabs are also being displaced in previously mixed Kurdish-Arab villages in Iraq.

The minorities of Iraq have also founded parties to represent their people, for example: the Iraqi Turkmen Front, the Assyrian Patriotic Party, the Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress and the Shabak Democratic Assembly. They have also founded own militias to defend their villages, for example: the Nineveh Plain Protection Units, the Protection Force of Sinjar and the Nineveh Plains Brigade.

Flags of the ethnic and national minorities in Iraq

  1. http://time.com/3182347/kurds-sunni-arabs-iraq-isis-erbil/
  2. http://www.aina.org/news/20140614185547.htm
  3. http://www.aina.org/news/20150810104756.htm
  4. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/14007-assyrians-need-protection-from-islamisation-and-kurdification, Haaretz newspaper on 24 December 2010
  5. http://www.aina.org/news/20110930190835.htm
  6. http://www.minorityrights.org/5742/iraq/yezidis.html
  7. http://rudaw.net/english/people-places/28052014
  8. "UNHCR's ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS" (PDF). p. 11.
  9. http://bethnahrin.de/2009/08/18/daher-sollten-wir-diese-einrichtungen-durch-gezieltes-werben-in-unserer-umgebung-und-innerhalb-unseres-volkes-dabei-unterstuetzen-dass-das-ace-sowie-das-seyfo-center-finanziell-mehr-unterstuetzt-we/
  10. https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06BAGHDAD4365_a.html
  11. http://www.aina.org/news/20050816114539.htm
  12. https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06BAGHDAD3283_a.html
  13. Ismail, Mirza (2008-12-01). "The Kurdish Threat to The Yezidis of North Iraq". Assyrian International News Agency. Archived from the original on 2008-12-23. Retrieved 26 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. "Syria Kurds 'razing villages seized from IS' - Amnesty - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  15. "The PYDs ethnic cleansing". DailySabah. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  16. "The official Amnesty International report" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  17. http://time.com/3182347/kurds-sunni-arabs-iraq-isis-erbil/
  18. Quwat Sahl Nīnawā: Iraq’s Shia Shabak Get Their Own Militia
  19. Iraq's Shabaks Are Being Oppressed By Kurds (By Hunain Al-Qaddo)
  20. Iraqi Turkmen take up arms in Kirkuk
  21. The Hero Yazidis Hope Will Save Them
  22. Inside the Christian Militias Defending the Nineveh Plains
  23. The Nineveh Plain Protection Units
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