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| '''Finnic''' ('''Fennic''', sometimes '''Baltic Finnic''') may refer to ]-similar languages spoken close to the ], i.e. the Balto-Finnic subgroup of the ]. | |||
| Firstly, the ] '''Finnic''' ('''Fennic''') refers to one of two brances of the ]; a family of languages including for example ], ], ], ], etc. (but not ]) language. | |||
| '''Finnic''' may also refer to the settled ]s speaking these languages, and their farmer-hunter culture, traditionally living in ], ], ], ], Northernmost ] and Northern ]. ''Finnic'' used in this way establish the contrast to the akin but historically ] ]s, and also to the ], the ], and the ] ]ns. | |||
| Secondly, the ] '''Finnic''' refers to something of, or pertaining to, the Finns; originally denoting an individual speaking a language of the Finnic branch and not specific the ]. However, it is sometimes used in ambiguity with ] since the close connection to ]. | |||
| According to the ]n , the Finnic peoples include (from South to North): | |||
| The Fin in Finnic comes probably from ] (]) rather than ] (or Phinni), ] or ], which most likely derives from fen, too. The most common abbrevations found in Italian, Norwegian and Icelandic literature on (most likely) Finnic groups are ]s, ], Ferfenni (presumably "Sledge peoples"), Scrite-Fennas or the ]'s Scricfinnia (presumably "Skiing peoples"), ], ], etc. Since they are usually associated with reindeer husbandry, they are ascribe to Finnic peoples, but none of these groups have called themself finn-. It is possible that the terms abbrevated earlier Eastern Finnic peoples or Siberian groups, but have been connected with Western Finnic peoples in modern time. ], a geographer from ], ], divides the Scricfennians into Rerefinni and Scritifinni, which probably means that the former used decoy ] and the latter were exclusively a hunting group wearing snow-shoes (called Schrit.) If it is true that Western Finnic groups, represented mainly by Saami, started (large scale) reindeer husbandry between 500 - 700 AD or earlier, then the interpretation is resonably. However, some scholars have argued that reindeer husbandry started after 1500-1600 AD. | |||
| * ] (in the ]-region and along ]) | |||
| * ] (South of ]) | |||
| * ] (] – ]) | |||
| * ] (] – ] – ] – ]) | |||
| * ] (South-west of ]) | |||
| * ] (] – ] – ]) | |||
| * ] (North of ]) | |||
| It is debated whether or not the '']'' (mentioned by Jordanes ] A.D.) were an unidentified Finnic tribe or whether a Finnic group might be considered to be the original Chudes. It has also been considered whether or not ] ''chud'' is borrowed from ] or vice versa. | |||
| == History == | |||
| The farming Finnic peoples are believed to have inhabited parts of ] before the first millennium. Maybe due to the Germanic and Slavonic ], maybe due to other reasons, they seem to have migrated into the inland of present-day Finland and ] in the first millennium. In the first centuries of the second millennium, they reached the ] where their descendents today speak ]. After the ], a larger immigrant wave swept northern Scandinavia in the ]–] centuries, spanning to ] in the south and to the ] in the north. While their descendants in the rest of Scandinavia have assimilated, they remain as a distinct minority in northern Norway, where they recognize themselves as ''Kvens'' or ''].'' | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 20:45, 1 November 2004
Finnic (Fennic, sometimes Baltic Finnic) may refer to Finnish-similar languages spoken close to the Gulf of Finland, i.e. the Balto-Finnic subgroup of the Finno-Ugric languages.
Finnic may also refer to the settled peoples speaking these languages, and their farmer-hunter culture, traditionally living in Karelia, Ingria, Estonia, Finland, Northernmost Norway and Northern Sweden. Finnic used in this way establish the contrast to the akin but historically nomadic Samis, and also to the Slavonics, the Balts, and the Germanic Scandinavians.
According to the Estonian Fenno-Ugria Foundation, the Finnic peoples include (from South to North):
- Livonians (in the Riga-region and along River Daugava)
- Estonians (South of Gulf of Finland)
- Votians (River Narva – River Inger)
- Ingrians (Gulf of Finland – River Narva – River Neva – Lake Ladoga)
- Vepsians (South-west of Lake Onega)
- Karelians (Gulf of Finland – Lake Ladoga – Lake Onega)
- Finns (North of Gulf of Finland)
It is debated whether or not the Chudes (mentioned by Jordanes 550 A.D.) were an unidentified Finnic tribe or whether a Finnic group might be considered to be the original Chudes. It has also been considered whether or not Russian chud is borrowed from Sami or vice versa.
History
The farming Finnic peoples are believed to have inhabited parts of Balticum before the first millennium. Maybe due to the Germanic and Slavonic Völkerwanderung, maybe due to other reasons, they seem to have migrated into the inland of present-day Finland and Karelia in the first millennium. In the first centuries of the second millennium, they reached the Gulf of Bothnia where their descendents today speak Meänkieli. After the Great Plague, a larger immigrant wave swept northern Scandinavia in the 16th–18th centuries, spanning to Lake Vänern in the south and to the Arctic Sea in the north. While their descendants in the rest of Scandinavia have assimilated, they remain as a distinct minority in northern Norway, where they recognize themselves as Kvens or Kvener.
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