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| {{Cleanup-rewrite|the article relies too much on primary sources. Instead of using secondary sources to list the different media organizations that have covered the subject, the sources should be used to support (and possibly expand) the article itself|date=February 2016}} | |||
| {{Infobox software | {{Infobox software | ||
| | title = Ethereum Software | | title = Ethereum Software | ||
| | logo = ETHEREUM-YOUTUBE-PROFILE-PIC.png | | logo = ETHEREUM-YOUTUBE-PROFILE-PIC.png | ||
| | logo caption = | | logo caption = | ||
| | logo size = |
| logo size = 300px | ||
| | screenshot = | | screenshot = | ||
| | caption = | | caption = | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| '''Ethereum''' is a programmable ] platform<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|title=The Problem of Censorship|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/06/06/the-problem-of-censorship/| |
'''Ethereum''' is a ] which includes a programmable ] platform.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|title=The Problem of Censorship|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/06/06/the-problem-of-censorship/|publisher=Ethereum Blog|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> The unit of currency is called the '''ether'''. | ||
| Ethereum was initially described by ] in late 2013,<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|date=2014-01-23|title=Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform|url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/9671/ethereum-next-generation-cryptocurrency-decentralized-application-platform/|work=Bitcoin Magazine|accessdate=9 April 2014}}</ref> formally described by Gavin Wood in early 2014 in the so-called "yellow paper"<ref |
Ethereum was initially described by ] in late 2013,<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|date=2014-01-23|title=Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform|url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/9671/ethereum-next-generation-cryptocurrency-decentralized-application-platform/|work=Bitcoin Magazine|accessdate=9 April 2014}}</ref> formally described by Gavin Wood in early 2014 in the so-called "yellow paper"<ref>{{cite web|last=Wood|first=Gavin|date=2014-04-06|title=Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger|url=http://gavwood.com/Paper.pdf|work=Self published|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref> and launched 30 July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tual|first1=Stephan|title=Ethereum Launches|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/07/30/ethereum-launches/|website=blog.ethereum.org|accessdate=31 July 2015}}</ref> It is among a group of "next generation" (or "] 2.0") platforms.<ref name=bloombergBitcoin2>{{cite web|last=Kharif|first=Olga|title=Bitcoin 2.0 Shows Technology Evolving Beyond Use as Money|date=2014-03-28|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-28/bitcoin-2-0-shows-technology-evolving-beyond-use-as-money.html/|work=Bloomberg News|accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| == |
==Purpose== | ||
| ⚫ | The intended purpose of the Ethereum Project is to build and proliferate a decentralised and pseudonymous replacement for the ]: incentivized static content publication (Swarm), pseudonymous low-level messaging system (Whisper), trustless transactions (Ethereum) and an integrated user-interface (Mist).<ref>{{cite web|last=Gerring|first=Taylor|date=2014-08-18|title=building the decentralized web 3.0|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/08/18/building-decentralized-web/|accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref> | ||
| Important events in the development of Ethereum include | |||
| * December 2013: ] released a white paper.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|date=2013-12-01|title=A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform|url=https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/White-Paper|accessdate=16 Feb 2016}}</ref> | |||
| ==Development== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ] | |||
| * April 2014: A "Yellow Paper" by Gavin Wood with specific technical details not included in the white paper is released.<ref name="gavwood-paper"/> | |||
| * July 30, 2015: Launch of the beta (Frontier) Ethereum Blockchain.{{cn|date=February 2016}} | |||
| ⚫ | Ethereum is an ] project. Development began in December 2013, with the first ] and ] ] builds (PoC1) being released in early February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tual|first=Stephan|title=C++ Code+Build FAQ|url=http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/170/c-code-build-faq|publisher=Ethereum|accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref> Since then, several further PoC builds have been released, culminating with the public launch of the Ethereum blockchain on 30 July 2015. | ||
| * Spring 2016: Launch of public (Homestead) release. This includes changes in the economics (gas) structure of contract execution.{{cn|date=February 2016}} | |||
| * Early 2017: Launch of graphical user interface (Metropolis).{{cn|date=February 2016}} | |||
| * Late 2017: Launch of Serenity release, including proof-of-stake, state channels, and other ambitious changes.{{cn|date=February 2016}} | |||
| ==Ether== | ==Ether== | ||
| {{Infobox currency | {{Infobox currency | ||
| | currency_name = Ether | | currency_name = Ether<ref></ref> | ||
| | image_1 = | | image_1 = | ||
| | image_background_1 = | | image_background_1 = | ||
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| | issuing_authority = ] | | issuing_authority = ] | ||
| | issuing_authority_title = Currency type | | issuing_authority_title = Currency type | ||
| | issuing_authority_website = |
| issuing_authority_website = | ||
| | date_of_introduction = 30 July 2015<ref></ref> | | date_of_introduction = 30 July 2015<ref></ref> | ||
| | date_of_introduction_source = Genesis block | | date_of_introduction_source = Genesis block | ||
| | using_countries = Worldwide | | using_countries = Worldwide | ||
| | inflation_title = Issuance model | | inflation_title = Issuance model | ||
| | inflation_rate = ]<ref> |
| inflation_rate = ]<ref></ref> | ||
| | inflation_source_date = | | inflation_source_date = | ||
| | inflation_method = | | inflation_method = | ||
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| | subunit_name_3 = wei | | subunit_name_3 = wei | ||
| | subunit_inline_note_3 = | | subunit_inline_note_3 = | ||
| | symbol = ]<ref name="Forum">{{cite web|title=The symbol for Ether is...|date=7 June 2014|accessdate=August 14, 2014|url=http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/comment/4823/ |
| symbol = ]<ref name="Forum">{{cite web|title=The symbol for Ether is...|date=7 June 2014|accessdate=August 14, 2014|url=http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/comment/4823/}}</ref> | ||
| | symbol_subunit_1 = <!-- thru |symbol_subunit_5 = --> | | symbol_subunit_1 = <!-- thru |symbol_subunit_5 = --> | ||
| | nickname = | | nickname = | ||
| Line 81: | Line 78: | ||
| | plural_subunit_1 = <!-- thru |plural_subunit_5 = --> | | plural_subunit_1 = <!-- thru |plural_subunit_5 = --> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The currency unit of |
The currency unit of Ethereum is the ''ether'', used to pay for computational services on the network. | ||
| To finance development, Ethereum distributed the initial allocation of ether via a 42-day public crowdsale, netting 31,591 ]s, worth $18,439,086 at that time, in exchange for about 60,102,216 ether.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Crypto 2.0 Roundup: Block Chain Bloat, Ethereum Completes Presale and a Crypto Football Team|url = http://www.coindesk.com/crypto-2-0-roundup-block-chain-bloat-solutions-crypto-football-team/|website = CoinDesk|accessdate = 2015-11-13}}</ref> | To finance development, Ethereum distributed the initial allocation of ether via a 42-day public crowdsale, netting 31,591 ]s, worth $18,439,086 at that time, in exchange for about 60,102,216 ether.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Crypto 2.0 Roundup: Block Chain Bloat, Ethereum Completes Presale and a Crypto Football Team|url = http://www.coindesk.com/crypto-2-0-roundup-block-chain-bloat-solutions-crypto-football-team/|website = CoinDesk|accessdate = 2015-11-13}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 11:56, 17 February 2016
 | This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Ethereum" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
 | |
| Original author(s) | Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Gavin Wood, Jeffrey Wilcke, Vitalik Buterin, et al |
| Repository | |
| Written in | C++, Go, JavaScript, Python, Java, node.js, Haskell |
| Operating system | Linux, Windows, OS X, POSIX compliant |
| Type | Decentralized computing |
| License | GPL3, MIT, LGPL, et al |
| Website | www |
Ethereum is a cryptocurrency which includes a programmable smart contract platform. The unit of currency is called the ether.
Ethereum was initially described by Vitalik Buterin in late 2013, formally described by Gavin Wood in early 2014 in the so-called "yellow paper" and launched 30 July 2015. It is among a group of "next generation" (or "Bitcoin 2.0") platforms.
Purpose
The intended purpose of the Ethereum Project is to build and proliferate a decentralised and pseudonymous replacement for the World Wide Web: incentivized static content publication (Swarm), pseudonymous low-level messaging system (Whisper), trustless transactions (Ethereum) and an integrated user-interface (Mist).
Development
Ethereum is an open source project. Development began in December 2013, with the first Go and C++ proof of concept builds (PoC1) being released in early February 2014. Since then, several further PoC builds have been released, culminating with the public launch of the Ethereum blockchain on 30 July 2015.
Ether
| Unit | |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Ξ |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 10 | finney |
| 10 | szabo |
| 10 | wei |
| Demographics | |
| Date of introduction | 30 July 2015Genesis block |
| User(s) | Worldwide |
| Issuance | |
| Currency type | Cryptocurrency |
| Valuation | |
| Issuance model | Disinflation |
The currency unit of Ethereum is the ether, used to pay for computational services on the network.
To finance development, Ethereum distributed the initial allocation of ether via a 42-day public crowdsale, netting 31,591 bitcoins, worth $18,439,086 at that time, in exchange for about 60,102,216 ether.
Contracts
Smart contracts are programs and protocols to facilitate the automated performance of a contract. Ethereum contracts can be implemented in various languages, compiled into bytecode for the Ethereum Virtual Machine before being deployed to the blockchain.
Every contract is run on every full Ethereum node simultaneously and the result is the consensus of the output. The documentation notes that computation on the EVM is "very expensive" and that "you will not be able to do anything on the EVM that you cannot do on a smartphone from 1999."
Implementations
The following full-node implementations of Ethereum are available:
- Geth, written in Go
- Parity, written in Rust
- Eth, written in C++
- Ethereum J, written in Java
- pyethapp, written in Python
- ethereumjs, written in JavaScript
- ethereumH, written in Haskell
Media
The platform has been covered in The Wall Street Journal, Wired, The Globe and Mail, SiliconANGLE, Al Jazeera, The Telegraph and the Keiser Report.
References
- Buterin, Vitalik. "The Problem of Censorship". Ethereum Blog. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- Buterin, Vitalik (2014-01-23). "Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform". Bitcoin Magazine. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
- Wood, Gavin (2014-04-06). "Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger" (PDF). Self published. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- Tual, Stephan. "Ethereum Launches". blog.ethereum.org. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- Kharif, Olga (2014-03-28). "Bitcoin 2.0 Shows Technology Evolving Beyond Use as Money". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
- Gerring, Taylor (2014-08-18). "building the decentralized web 3.0". Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- Tual, Stephan. "C++ Code+Build FAQ". Ethereum. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- What is ether?
- "The symbol for Ether is..." 7 June 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- Genesis block
- The Issuance Model in Ethereum
- "Crypto 2.0 Roundup: Block Chain Bloat, Ethereum Completes Presale and a Crypto Football Team". CoinDesk. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
- https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
- go-ethereum homepage
- Parity press release
- Ethereum C++ Client GitHub repository
- Ethereum J homepage
- pyethapp GitHub repository
- ethereumjs homepage
- ethereum-client-haskell GitHub repository
- Paul Vigna (28th October 2015). Microsoft to Offer Ethereum Based Services. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- Finley, Kurt (2014-01-27). "Out in the Open: Teenage Hacker Transforms Web Into One Giant Bitcoin Network". Wired. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- Gray, Jeff (2014-04-07). "Bitcoin believers: Why digital currency backers are keeping the faith". The Globe and Mail. Phillip Crawley. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- Cox, Ryan. "Can Ethereum kill Bitcoin with self-executing contracts?". SiliconANGLE. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- Nathan Schneider (7 April 2014). Code your own utopia: Meet Ethereum, bitcoin's most ambitious successor. Al Jazeera America. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- Soon, the internet will be impossible to control. Jamie Bartlett. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- Keiser Report: New Crypto Phenomenon Ethereum. Max Keiser. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
External links
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