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| ] created by a powerful ] impacting material expelled during earlier stages of the star's life (ESA/Hubble & NASA Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt)]] | |||
| '''WR 31a''' is a ] in the southern constellation of ] that is surrounded by an expanding optical blue bubble nebula<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2016/hubbles-blue-bubble|title=Hubble's Blue Bubble|work=NASA|accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> Some media sources have wrongly claimed this deep-sky object was recently discovered by the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2841239/hubble-captures-blue-bubble-star-20-times-bigger-a-million-times-brighter-than-sun/|title=Hubble Captures "Blue Bubble' Star - 20 Times Bigger, a Million Times Brighter than the Sun's|work=Inquisitr|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> but this nebula was originally found by ] in 1953 and designated as the ] '''Hf 39'''.<ref name="VizieR">{{cite web|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?PN%20G288.9-00.8|title=VizieR|work=CDS|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> Other planetary nebula catalogue names included, He 3-319, ESO 128-18, and Wray 15-682.<ref name="VizieR"/> | '''WR 31a''' is a ] in the southern constellation of ] that is surrounded by an expanding optical blue bubble nebula<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2016/hubbles-blue-bubble|title=Hubble's Blue Bubble|work=NASA|accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref> Some media sources have wrongly claimed this deep-sky object was recently discovered by the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2841239/hubble-captures-blue-bubble-star-20-times-bigger-a-million-times-brighter-than-sun/|title=Hubble Captures "Blue Bubble' Star - 20 Times Bigger, a Million Times Brighter than the Sun's|work=Inquisitr|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> but this nebula was originally found by ] in 1953 and designated as the ] '''Hf 39'''.<ref name="VizieR">{{cite web|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?PN%20G288.9-00.8|title=VizieR|work=CDS|accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> Other planetary nebula catalogue names included, He 3-319, ESO 128-18, and Wray 15-682.<ref name="VizieR"/> | ||
| Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding gas shell, formally classified as a ] or WR nebula.<ref name=frew>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/sts393|title=A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=431|pages=2|year=2013|last1=Frew|first1=D. J.|last2=Bojicic|first2=I. S.|last3=Parker|first3=Q. A.|bibcode=2013MNRAS.431....2F}}</ref> Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s<sup>−1</sup>, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.<ref name=wise>{{Cite journal|arxiv=1503.06878v1|last1= Toalá|first1= J. A.|title= WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae|journal= Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume= 578|pages= A66|last2= Guerrero|first2= M. A.|last3= Ramos-Larios|first3= G.|last4= Guzmán|first4= V.|year= 2015|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201525706}}</ref> | Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding gas shell, formally classified as a ] or WR nebula.<ref name=frew>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/sts393|title=A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=431|pages=2|year=2013|last1=Frew|first1=D. J.|last2=Bojicic|first2=I. S.|last3=Parker|first3=Q. A.|bibcode=2013MNRAS.431....2F}}</ref> Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s<sup>−1</sup>, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.<ref name=wise>{{Cite journal|arxiv=1503.06878v1|last1= Toalá|first1= J. A.|title= WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae|journal= Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume= 578|pages= A66|last2= Guerrero|first2= M. A.|last3= Ramos-Larios|first3= G.|last4= Guzmán|first4= V.|year= 2015|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201525706}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 07:38, 3 March 2016
WR 31a is a Wolf-Rayet star in the southern constellation of Carina that is surrounded by an expanding optical blue bubble nebula Some media sources have wrongly claimed this deep-sky object was recently discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope, but this nebula was originally found by Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit in 1953 and designated as the planetary nebula Hf 39. Other planetary nebula catalogue names included, He 3-319, ESO 128-18, and Wray 15-682.
Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding gas shell, formally classified as a Wolf–Rayet nebula or WR nebula. Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.
Its central highly luminous star (TYC 8928-1166-1) is invisible to the naked-eye, shining at 10.85V magnitude, whose spectral type is WN11h. Mass of the central star is estimated to be at least 20 times that of the Sun, and it will likely become a supernova type II event in the future. Distance is estimated to be about 9,200 parsecs or 30,000 light-years.
References
- "Hubble's Blue Bubble". NASA. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
- "Hubble Captures "Blue Bubble' Star - 20 Times Bigger, a Million Times Brighter than the Sun's". Inquisitr. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "VizieR". CDS. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- Frew, D. J.; Bojicic, I. S.; Parker, Q. A. (2013). "A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 431: 2. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431....2F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts393.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Toalá, J. A.; Guerrero, M. A.; Ramos-Larios, G.; Guzmán, V. (2015). "WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 578: A66. arXiv:1503.06878v1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525706.
- "SIMBAD". CDS. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- "Blue bubble in Carina". NASA. Retrieved 2 March 2016.