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Revision as of 15:33, 11 March 2016 editArianewiki1 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users7,591 edits Requires citation, proof of statements, contradictions, misleading statements← Previous edit Revision as of 15:36, 11 March 2016 edit undoArianewiki1 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users7,591 edits bubble nebula is not an astronomical term, and relates to no cited source. Wolf-Rayet nebula is at least referenced.Next edit →
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'''WR 31a''' is a ] in the southern constellation of ] that is surrounded by an expanding bubble nebula. It is more commonly referred to as '''Hen 3-519''', as it was known before being listed in the Catalogue of Wolf Rayet stars.{{Citation needed|Date=March 2016}} It is a suspected, dormant, or post-] (LBV).{{Citation needed|Date=March 2016}} '''WR 31a''' is a ] in the southern constellation of ] that is surrounded by an expanding nebula. It is more commonly referred to as '''Hen 3-519''', as it was known before being listed in the Catalogue of Wolf Rayet stars.{{Citation needed|Date=March 2016}} It is a suspected, dormant, or post-] (LBV).{{Citation needed|Date=March 2016}}


==Properties== ==Properties==
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Hen 3-519 has been considered as a possible LBV almost since the term was first coined, although it has never shown the characteristic LBV variability. {{Proveit}} Its properties place it at the limit of temperature and luminosity for such stars, although comparable to the confirmed LBV AG Carinae.<ref name=davidson>{{cite journal|bibcode=1993ApJ...411..336D|title=He 3-519 - A peculiar post-LBV, pre-WN star?|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=411|pages=336|author1=Davidson|first1=Kris|last2=Humphreys|first2=Roberta M.|last3=Hajian|first3=Arsen|last4=Terzian|first4=Yervant|year=1993|doi=10.1086/172833}}</ref> Hen 3-519 has been considered as a possible LBV almost since the term was first coined, although it has never shown the characteristic LBV variability. {{Proveit}} Its properties place it at the limit of temperature and luminosity for such stars, although comparable to the confirmed LBV AG Carinae.<ref name=davidson>{{cite journal|bibcode=1993ApJ...411..336D|title=He 3-519 - A peculiar post-LBV, pre-WN star?|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=411|pages=336|author1=Davidson|first1=Kris|last2=Humphreys|first2=Roberta M.|last3=Hajian|first3=Arsen|last4=Terzian|first4=Yervant|year=1993|doi=10.1086/172833}}</ref>


==Bubble Nebula== ==Wolf-Rayet Nebula==
The nebula around WR 31a was first catalogued by ] in 1953 as the ] '''Hf 39'''. {{Proveit}} Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding shocked gas shell, formally classified as a ] or WR nebula.<ref name=frew>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/sts393|title=A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=431|pages=2|year=2013|last1=Frew|first1=D. J.|last2=Bojicic|first2=I. S.|last3=Parker|first3=Q. A.|bibcode=2013MNRAS.431....2F}}</ref> Its observed expansion velocity is 365&nbsp;km.s<sup>−1</sup>, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.<ref name=toala/> The nebula around WR 31a was first catalogued by ] in 1953 as the ] '''Hf 39'''. {{Proveit}} Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding shocked gas shell, formally classified as a ] or WR nebula.<ref name=frew>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/sts393|title=A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=431|pages=2|year=2013|last1=Frew|first1=D. J.|last2=Bojicic|first2=I. S.|last3=Parker|first3=Q. A.|bibcode=2013MNRAS.431....2F}}</ref> Its observed expansion velocity is 365&nbsp;km.s<sup>−1</sup>, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.<ref name=toala/>



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WR 31a

WR 31a
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Carina
Right ascension 10 53 59.586
Declination −60° 26′ 44.31″
Apparent magnitude (V) 10.85
Characteristics
Spectral type WN11h
Variable type cLBV
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: −3.6 mas/yr
Dec.: 4.0 mas/yr
Distance8,000 pc
Absolute magnitude (MV)−6.71
Details
Mass45 M
Luminosity1,820,000 L
Temperature30,200 K
Other designations
WR 31a, Hen 3-519, IRAS 10520-6010, GSC2 S1113013697, 2MASS J10535958-6026444, AAVSO 1050-59
Database references
SIMBADdata

WR 31a is a Wolf-Rayet star in the southern constellation of Carina that is surrounded by an expanding nebula. It is more commonly referred to as Hen 3-519, as it was known before being listed in the Catalogue of Wolf Rayet stars. It is a suspected, dormant, or post-Luminous Blue Variable (LBV).

Properties

The spectrum of Hen 3-519 contains both absorption and emission lines, intermediate between a hot supergiant and a Wolf-Rayet. On this basis it has been classified as Ofpe/WN9, a slash star. The same type of spectrum is also known as WN11, an extension of the traditional nitrogen sequence to cooler temperatures. It is a hydrogen-rich star, a young object rather than a highly evolved dying star.

Luminous Blue Variable

Hen 3-519 has been considered as a possible LBV almost since the term was first coined, although it has never shown the characteristic LBV variability. Its properties place it at the limit of temperature and luminosity for such stars, although comparable to the confirmed LBV AG Carinae.

Wolf-Rayet Nebula

The nebula around WR 31a was first catalogued by Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit in 1953 as the planetary nebula Hf 39. Since 2013, the object has been considered not a planetary nebula but rather, an expanding shocked gas shell, formally classified as a Wolf–Rayet nebula or WR nebula. Its observed expansion velocity is 365 km.s, estimated to be some 2.4 parsecs across.

References

  1. ^ Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 355: L27. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H.
  2. ^ Toalá, J. A.; Guerrero, M. A.; Ramos-Larios, G.; Guzmán, V. (2015). "WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 578: A66. arXiv:1503.06878. Bibcode:2015A&A...578A..66T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525706.
  3. ^ Nazé, Y.; Rauw, G.; Hutsemékers, D. (2012). "The first X-ray survey of Galactic luminous blue variables". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 538: A47. arXiv:1111.6375. Bibcode:2012A&A...538A..47N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118040.
  4. Van Der Hucht, Karel A. (2001). "The VIIth catalogue of galactic Wolf-Rayet stars". New Astronomy Reviews. 45 (3): 135. Bibcode:2001NewAR..45..135V. doi:10.1016/S1387-6473(00)00112-3.
  5. Smith, Nathan; Tombleson, Ryan (2015). "Luminous blue variables are antisocial: Their isolation implies that they are kicked mass gainers in binary evolution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447: 598. arXiv:1406.7431. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..598S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2430.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. Crowther, Paul A. (2007). "Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 45: 177. arXiv:astro-ph/0610356. Bibcode:2007ARA&A..45..177C. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110615.
  7. Davidson, Kris; Humphreys, Roberta M.; Hajian, Arsen; Terzian, Yervant (1993). "He 3-519 - A peculiar post-LBV, pre-WN star?". Astrophysical Journal. 411: 336. Bibcode:1993ApJ...411..336D. doi:10.1086/172833.
  8. Frew, D. J.; Bojicic, I. S.; Parker, Q. A. (2013). "A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for 1258 Galactic planetary nebulae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 431: 2. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431....2F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts393.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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