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Revision as of 21:09, 30 June 2016 editWidefox (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, IP block exemptions, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers106,923 edits undo - remove non RS per policy and AfD (fine as according to introducing editor already sourced sentence) - see AfD← Previous edit Revision as of 22:32, 30 June 2016 edit undoSławomir Biały (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers12,807 edits In conducting any kind of scholarship, it is standard practice to cite one's sources. This includes all materials used in the preparation of the article. Besides, this Master's thesis contains a nice (and uncontroversial) description of the mechanism.Next edit →
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'''KDF''' or '''Kinetic Degradation Fluxion''' is a ] ] media product.<ref name="Thompson2004">{{cite book|author=Athena Thompson|title=Homes That Heal (and those that don't): How Your Home Could be Harming Your Family's Health|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qs9ev0aso0IC&pg=PA136|date=1 October 2004|publisher=]|isbn=978-1-55092-319-3|pages=136–}}{{rs|date=June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare|author=Jimmy Walker|publisher=Woodhead Publishing|year=2014|page=194}}</ref> It was developed in 1984 and patented by Don Heskett in 1987.<ref name="Weber2012">{{cite book|author=Karl Weber|title=Last Call at the Oasis: The Global Water Crisis and Where We Go from Here|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=s_Bu-8s75mcC&pg=PA181|year=2012|publisher=Public Affairs|isbn=978-1-61039-144-3|pages=181–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=In Business, Volumes 13-14|date=1991|publisher=JG Press|page=16|quote=In 1987, Haskett had patented a new fluid treatment technology that utilizes a copper-zinc alloy called KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxation) to remove chlorine, heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants...}}</ref> The KDF 55 and KDF 85 products consists of the ] with 45% ] and 55% ], and 15%:85% proportions respectively.<ref name="Materials Handbook">{{cite book|author1=Brady, George S.|author2=Clauser, Henry R.|author3=Vaccari, John A.|title=Materials Handbook: An encyclopedia for Managers, Technical Professionals, Purchasing and Production Managers, Technicians and Supervisors|date=2002|publisher=]|isbn=978-0071360760|page=17|edition=15|accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kdfft.com/products.htm|title=KDF 55 and 85 Process Media for Water Treatment|publisher=kdfft.com}}</ref> KDF is effective in removing chlorine<ref name="Materials Handbook"/> and ]<ref name="CedarBrook">{{cite journal|title=Public Health Assessment for: CEDAR BROOK AREA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION WINSLOW TOWNSHIP, CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY|date=7 July 2005|page=4|accessdate=15 June 2016|publisher=] ]|URL=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/pha/CedarBrookAreaGroundwaterContamination/CedarBrookAreaGroundwaterContamination.pdf}}</ref> from liquids. The effectiveness of ] filters can be increased by combining them with KDF due to the ] and its alloys.<ref name="Adeyeye2014">{{cite book|author=Kemi Adeyeye|title=Water Efficiency in Buildings: Theory and Practice|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XNTnAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA156|date=3 March 2014|publisher=]|isbn=978-1-118-45657-6|pages=196}}</ref> The KDF filtration media consists of metal granules that inhibit the growth of algae, fungi, and bacteria, often in activated carbon filters.<ref>{{citation|title=A centralised, automated dental hospital water quality and biofilm management system using neutral Ecasol maintains dental unit waterline output at better than potable quality: A 2-year longitudinal study|journal=Journal of Dentistry|year=2009|pages=748-762|volume=37|author1=M.J.O’Donnell|author2=M.Boyle|author3=J.Swan|author4=R.J.Russell|author5=D.C.Coleman|doi=10.1016/j.jdent.2009.06.001}}</ref> '''KDF''' or '''Kinetic Degradation Fluxion''' is a ] ] media product.<ref name="Thompson2004">{{cite book|author=Athena Thompson|title=Homes That Heal (and those that don't): How Your Home Could be Harming Your Family's Health|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qs9ev0aso0IC&pg=PA136|date=1 October 2004|publisher=]|isbn=978-1-55092-319-3|pages=136–}}{{rs|date=June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare|author=Jimmy Walker|publisher=Woodhead Publishing|year=2014|page=194}}</ref> It was developed in 1984 and patented by Don Heskett in 1987.<ref name="Weber2012">{{cite book|author=Karl Weber|title=Last Call at the Oasis: The Global Water Crisis and Where We Go from Here|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=s_Bu-8s75mcC&pg=PA181|year=2012|publisher=Public Affairs|isbn=978-1-61039-144-3|pages=181–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=In Business, Volumes 13-14|date=1991|publisher=JG Press|page=16|quote=In 1987, Haskett had patented a new fluid treatment technology that utilizes a copper-zinc alloy called KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxation) to remove chlorine, heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants...}}</ref> The KDF 55 and KDF 85 products consists of the ] with 45% ] and 55% ], and 15%:85% proportions respectively.<ref name="Materials Handbook">{{cite book|author1=Brady, George S.|author2=Clauser, Henry R.|author3=Vaccari, John A.|title=Materials Handbook: An encyclopedia for Managers, Technical Professionals, Purchasing and Production Managers, Technicians and Supervisors|date=2002|publisher=]|isbn=978-0071360760|page=17|edition=15|accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kdfft.com/products.htm|title=KDF 55 and 85 Process Media for Water Treatment|publisher=kdfft.com}}</ref> KDF is effective in removing chlorine<ref name="Materials Handbook"/> and ]<ref name="CedarBrook">{{cite journal|title=Public Health Assessment for: CEDAR BROOK AREA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION WINSLOW TOWNSHIP, CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY|date=7 July 2005|page=4|accessdate=15 June 2016|publisher=] ]|URL=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/pha/CedarBrookAreaGroundwaterContamination/CedarBrookAreaGroundwaterContamination.pdf}}</ref> from liquids. The effectiveness of ] filters can be increased by combining them with KDF due to the ] and its alloys.<ref name="Adeyeye2014">{{cite book|author=Kemi Adeyeye|title=Water Efficiency in Buildings: Theory and Practice|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XNTnAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA156|date=3 March 2014|publisher=]|isbn=978-1-118-45657-6|pages=196}}</ref> The KDF filtration media consists of metal granules that inhibit the growth of algae, fungi, and bacteria, often in activated carbon filters.<ref>{{citation|title=A centralised, automated dental hospital water quality and biofilm management system using neutral Ecasol maintains dental unit waterline output at better than potable quality: A 2-year longitudinal study|journal=Journal of Dentistry|year=2009|pages=748-762|volume=37|author1=M.J.O’Donnell|author2=M.Boyle|author3=J.Swan|author4=R.J.Russell|author5=D.C.Coleman|doi=10.1016/j.jdent.2009.06.001}}</ref>


In the KDF system, zinc acts as an ] and copper as a ] in an ]. Ionic contaminants are removed by electron exchange (a ]), in which they become bonded to the surfaces of the media. KDF media can remove chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, heavy metals, iron, and can reduce other contaminants.<ref>{{citation|title=The role of manufacturers in reducing biofilms in dental chair waterlines|author1=D.C. Coleman|author2=M.J. O’Donnell|author3=A.C. Shore|author4=J. Swan|author5=R.J. Russell|journal=Journal of Dentistry|year=2007|pages=701-711|volume=35}}</ref> In the KDF system, zinc acts as an ] and copper as a ] in an ]. Ionic contaminants are removed by electron exchange (a ]), in which they become bonded to the surfaces of the media. KDF media can remove chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, heavy metals, iron, and can reduce other contaminants.<ref>{{citation|title=Evaluation of decentralized alternatives for separate treatment and supply of indoor water: Fort Collins case study|year=2015|author=Daniel Fourness|publisher=Colorado State University, Master of Science Thesis}}{{rs|date=June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The role of manufacturers in reducing biofilms in dental chair waterlines|author1=D.C. Coleman|author2=M.J. O’Donnell|author3=A.C. Shore|author4=J. Swan|author5=R.J. Russell|journal=Journal of Dentistry|year=2007|pages=701-711|volume=35}}</ref>


According to a report of New Zealand's ], KDF systems are widely available in New Zealand for household water filtration, but are largely unregulated, and release zinc and copper ions in the process of filtration. This may lead to additional copper and zinc contamination in household water.<ref>{{citation|title=Up the Pipe: A literature review of the leaching of copper and zinc from household plumbing systems|author1=Robina Ang|year=2012|publisher=]}}</ref> According to a report of New Zealand's ], KDF systems are widely available in New Zealand for household water filtration, but are largely unregulated, and release zinc and copper ions in the process of filtration. This may lead to additional copper and zinc contamination in household water.<ref>{{citation|title=Up the Pipe: A literature review of the leaching of copper and zinc from household plumbing systems|author1=Robina Ang|year=2012|publisher=]}}</ref>

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KDF or Kinetic Degradation Fluxion is a brass water filtration media product. It was developed in 1984 and patented by Don Heskett in 1987. The KDF 55 and KDF 85 products consists of the alloy with 45% zinc and 55% copper, and 15%:85% proportions respectively. KDF is effective in removing chlorine and mercury from liquids. The effectiveness of activated carbon filters can be increased by combining them with KDF due to the antimicrobial properties of copper and its alloys. The KDF filtration media consists of metal granules that inhibit the growth of algae, fungi, and bacteria, often in activated carbon filters.

In the KDF system, zinc acts as an anode and copper as a cathode in an electrolytic cell. Ionic contaminants are removed by electron exchange (a redox reaction), in which they become bonded to the surfaces of the media. KDF media can remove chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, heavy metals, iron, and can reduce other contaminants.

According to a report of New Zealand's Cawthron Institute, KDF systems are widely available in New Zealand for household water filtration, but are largely unregulated, and release zinc and copper ions in the process of filtration. This may lead to additional copper and zinc contamination in household water.

See also

References

  1. Athena Thompson (1 October 2004). Homes That Heal (and those that don't): How Your Home Could be Harming Your Family's Health. New Society Publishers. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-1-55092-319-3.
  2. Jimmy Walker (2014). Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare. Woodhead Publishing. p. 194.
  3. Karl Weber (2012). Last Call at the Oasis: The Global Water Crisis and Where We Go from Here. Public Affairs. pp. 181–. ISBN 978-1-61039-144-3.
  4. In Business, Volumes 13-14. JG Press. 1991. p. 16. In 1987, Haskett had patented a new fluid treatment technology that utilizes a copper-zinc alloy called KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxation) to remove chlorine, heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants...
  5. ^ Brady, George S.; Clauser, Henry R.; Vaccari, John A. (2002). Materials Handbook: An encyclopedia for Managers, Technical Professionals, Purchasing and Production Managers, Technicians and Supervisors (15 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. p. 17. ISBN 978-0071360760. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. "KDF 55 and 85 Process Media for Water Treatment". kdfft.com.
  7. "Public Health Assessment for: CEDAR BROOK AREA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION WINSLOW TOWNSHIP, CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 7 July 2005: 4. Retrieved 15 June 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. Kemi Adeyeye (3 March 2014). Water Efficiency in Buildings: Theory and Practice. John Wiley & Sons. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-118-45657-6.
  9. M.J.O’Donnell; M.Boyle; J.Swan; R.J.Russell; D.C.Coleman (2009), "A centralised, automated dental hospital water quality and biofilm management system using neutral Ecasol maintains dental unit waterline output at better than potable quality: A 2-year longitudinal study", Journal of Dentistry, 37: 748–762, doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2009.06.001
  10. Daniel Fourness (2015), Evaluation of decentralized alternatives for separate treatment and supply of indoor water: Fort Collins case study, Colorado State University, Master of Science Thesis
  11. D.C. Coleman; M.J. O’Donnell; A.C. Shore; J. Swan; R.J. Russell (2007), "The role of manufacturers in reducing biofilms in dental chair waterlines", Journal of Dentistry, 35: 701–711
  12. Robina Ang (2012), Up the Pipe: A literature review of the leaching of copper and zinc from household plumbing systems, Cawthron Institute
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