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A Persian naval counteroffensive against Alexander in the Aegean, led by the Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes, falls apart with Memnon's unexpected death.
Alexander continues his progress through Asia Minor, forcing the pass of the Cilician Gates.
Battle of Issus: Alexander defeats the main Persian army under King Darius III in northern Syria. Darius flees the battle, but Alexander captures his baggage train, including Darius's wife, mother, and children.