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| ==Structure and function== | ==Structure and function== | ||
| Known proteins in the AGCS family are between 445 and 550 amino acyl residues in length and possess 8 to 12 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. Members may possess 11 transmembrane segments (TMSs), as seems to be true for DagA () and AgcS (), although Acp () has only 8 TMSs, perhaps the result of truncation. As of early 2016, there does not appear to be any 3D crystal structure data available for these proteins. Members of the AGCS family have been found in bacteria and archaea, such as extremophile halotolerant cyanobacterium ''Aphanothece halophytica,'' and thermophilic bacteria, ''Bacillus'' ''PS3''.<ref name="Bualuang">{{cite journal|last1 = Bualuang|first1 = A|last2 = Kageyama|first2 = H|last3 = Tanaka|first3 = Y|last4 = Incharoensakdi|first4 = A|last5 = Takabe|first5 = T|title = Functional characterization of a member of alanine or glycine: cation symporter family in halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica.|date = 2015|volume = 79|issue = 2|pages = 230–5|doi = 10.1080/09168451.2014.968091|pmid = 25421789|journal=Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Overexpression of the alanine carrier protein gene from thermophilic bacterium PS3 in Escherichia coli |
Known proteins in the AGCS family are between 445 and 550 amino acyl residues in length and possess 8 to 12 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. Members may possess 11 transmembrane segments (TMSs), as seems to be true for DagA () and AgcS (), although Acp () has only 8 TMSs, perhaps the result of truncation. As of early 2016, there does not appear to be any 3D crystal structure data available for these proteins. Members of the AGCS family have been found in bacteria and archaea, such as extremophile halotolerant cyanobacterium ''Aphanothece halophytica,'' and thermophilic bacteria, ''Bacillus'' ''PS3''.<ref name="Bualuang">{{cite journal|last1 = Bualuang|first1 = A|last2 = Kageyama|first2 = H|last3 = Tanaka|first3 = Y|last4 = Incharoensakdi|first4 = A|last5 = Takabe|first5 = T|title = Functional characterization of a member of alanine or glycine: cation symporter family in halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica.|date = 2015|volume = 79|issue = 2|pages = 230–5|doi = 10.1080/09168451.2014.968091|pmid = 25421789|journal=Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Overexpression of the alanine carrier protein gene from thermophilic bacterium PS3 in Escherichia coli|journal = Journal of Biochemistry|date = 1999-03-01|issn = 0021-924X|pmid = 10050032|pages = 454–459|volume = 125|issue = 3|first = M.|last = Kanamori|first2 = H.|last2 = Kamata|first3 = H.|last3 = Yagisawa|first4 = H.|last4 = Hirata|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022308}}</ref> As of 2015, only three members of the family have been functionally characterized. These proteins show limited sequence similarity in the APC family ().<ref name=TCDB/> As of early 2016, there do not appear to be any crystal structures available for members of the AGCS family. | ||
| ===Transport reaction=== | ===Transport reaction=== | ||
Revision as of 22:34, 7 November 2016
Protein family| Alanine/glycine:cation symporter (AGCS) family protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | A3P053 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01235 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001463 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00873 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Members of the Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family (TC# 2.A.25) transport alanine and/or glycine in symport with Na and or H.
Structure and function
Known proteins in the AGCS family are between 445 and 550 amino acyl residues in length and possess 8 to 12 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. Members may possess 11 transmembrane segments (TMSs), as seems to be true for DagA (TC# 2.A.25.1.1) and AgcS (TC# 2.A.25.1.3), although Acp (TC# 2.A.25.1.2) has only 8 TMSs, perhaps the result of truncation. As of early 2016, there does not appear to be any 3D crystal structure data available for these proteins. Members of the AGCS family have been found in bacteria and archaea, such as extremophile halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica, and thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus PS3. As of 2015, only three members of the family have been functionally characterized. These proteins show limited sequence similarity in the APC family (TC# 2.A.3). As of early 2016, there do not appear to be any crystal structures available for members of the AGCS family.
Transport reaction
The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by the AGCS family is:
alanine or glycine (out) + Na or H (out) → alanine or glycine (in) + Na or H (in).
Proteins in the AGCS family
There are currently 10 proteins belonging to the AGCS family. These proteins and their descriptions can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
Further reading
- Rodionov, DA; Hebbeln, P; Eudes, A; ter Beek, J; Rodionova, IA; Erkens, GB; Slotboom, DJ; Gelfand, MS; Osterman, AL; Hanson, AD; Eitinger, T (January 2009). "A novel class of modular transporters for vitamins in prokaryotes". Journal of Bacteriology. 191 (1): 42–51. doi:10.1128/JB.01208-08. PMC 2612444. PMID 18931129.
- Kamata, H; Akiyama, S; Morosawa, H; Ohta, T; Hamamoto, T; Kambe, T; Kagawa, Y; Hirata, H (October 25, 1992). "Primary structure of the alanine carrier protein of thermophilic bacterium PS3". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (30): 21650–5. PMID 1400476.
References
- Bualuang, A; Kageyama, H; Tanaka, Y; Incharoensakdi, A; Takabe, T (2015). "Functional characterization of a member of alanine or glycine: cation symporter family in halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica". Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 79 (2): 230–5. doi:10.1080/09168451.2014.968091. PMID 25421789.
- Kanamori, M.; Kamata, H.; Yagisawa, H.; Hirata, H. (1999-03-01). "Overexpression of the alanine carrier protein gene from thermophilic bacterium PS3 in Escherichia coli". Journal of Biochemistry. 125 (3): 454–459. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022308. ISSN 0021-924X. PMID 10050032.
- ^ Saier, MH Jr. "2.A.25 The Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family". Transporter Classification Database. Saier Lab Bioinformatics Group / SDSC.
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