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| '''Zu Yong Diao''' was a way of taxation of ] China, per-modern ]，] and ]. The Zuyongdiao consists of Zu, the tax paid in ], Yong that was paid in ] and Diao which was paid in ]. | '''Zu Yong Diao''' was a way of taxation of ] China, per-modern ]，] and ]. The Zuyongdiao consists of Zu, the tax paid in ], Yong that was paid in ] and Diao which was paid in ]. | ||
Revision as of 23:28, 13 August 2017
| Zu Yong Diao | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 租庸調 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 租庸调 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 조용조 | ||||||
| Hanja | 租庸調 | ||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||
| Kanji | 租庸調 | ||||||
| Hiragana | そようちょう | ||||||
Zu Yong Diao was a way of taxation of Tang dynasty China, per-modern Japan，Korea and Vietnam. The Zuyongdiao consists of Zu, the tax paid in grains, Yong that was paid in corvee and Diao which was paid in textiles.
In China
Zuyongdiao was paired with the policy of land equalization and was effective according to the later policy. The land equalization provides equally divided grain fields to farmers. Every farmer will pay a fixed amount of grain as tax under the name of Zu. The basic unit of tax collection was thus one individual. Yong was a tax paid in unpaid laboring. Every citizen in Tang dynasty works 20 days per year for the government without payment. If the person is handicapped, he or she pays Yong by weaving textiles.
The practice of Zuyongdiao in China was hindered by the An Lushan Rebellion. After the turbulence ended, the Tang court lost a considerable amount of individuals who were able to pay the tax (Deaths and casualties during the rebellion were severe). The consequence was that Zuyongdiao no longer collect a sufficient amount of taxes.
In 780, the Zuyongdiao was abolished according to the advice of Chancellor Yang Yan and was substituted by the Two-Tax system.
In Japan
In 646, Emperor Kōtoku issued the edict of Taika reform. According to the edict of reform written in Classical Chinese, the 4th resolution states that the old way of taxation is to be abolished while Sō(Zu), Yō(Yong) and Chō(Diao) are established.
In 757, Empress Kōken's Yōrō Code formalized the system of Soyocho.
Although the Japanese Soyocho was based on the Zuyongdiao of China, it differs slightly in terms of specific ways of collecting the three kinds of taxes.
In Korea
The Korean Silla dynasty established the system of Joyongjo according to its Chinese model Zuyongdiao.Household registration system and Joyongjo were together adopted by Silla.
In Vietnam
Vietnam was under the rule of Tang dynasty as Annan province. As a part of China, Annan's taxes were collected in the form of Zuyongdiao. In 1723, the later Lê dynasty of Vietnam enacted the law of Zuyongdiao as well.The policy was promoted by the Trịnh lords as a part of its fortification of rule in southern Vietnam against Nguyễn lords
Reference
- Liang, Kenyao (2014). History of Chinese Society. National Taiwan University Press. p. 157. ISBN 9789863500377.
- New Book of Tang. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. 1975. ISBN 9787101003208.
- Ye, Zhengpeng (1990). 中国历代财政改革研究. 中国财政经济出版社. ISBN 9787509548066.
- "改新の詔". Wikisource.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - "Yoro Code volume 4".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - Park, Mon Il (1999). 中国古代文化对朝鲜和日本的影响. Korean Nation press of Heilongjiang. pp. 153–155. ISBN 9787538908961.
- Cai, Dongzhou (2012). 中国传统文化要略. Esphere Media. ISBN 9787553100845.
- Yang, Zhaoquan (2010). 中朝关系简史. 辽宁民族出版社. p. 101. ISBN 7805272654.
- "云南社会科学, Issues 1-6". 云南社会科学: 270 – via Google book.
- 世界史. 中国人民大学书报资料中心. 1993. p. 71.