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Revision as of 16:06, 26 November 2017
Gish gallop is a term for a technique used during debating that focuses on overwhelming one's opponent with as many arguments as possible, without regard for accuracy or strength of the arguments. It is considered a fallacious technique.
The term was coined by Eugenie C. Scott and named after the creationist Duane T. Gish, who used the technique frequently against science-based opponents on the topic of evolution. The phrase has become a pejorative used to describe similar debate styles employed by proponents of other, usually fringe beliefs, such as homeopathy or the moon landing conspiracy theories.
Technique and counter measures
During a Gish gallop, a debater confronts an opponent with a rapid series of many specious arguments, half-truths, and misrepresentations in a short space of time, which makes it impossible for the opponent to refute all of them within the format of a formal debate. In practice, each point raised by the "Gish galloper" takes considerably more time to refute or fact-check than it did to state in the first place. The technique wastes an opponent's time and may cast doubt on the opponent's debating ability for an audience unfamiliar with the technique, especially, if no independent fact-checking is involved, or, if the audience has limited knowledge of the topics.
Generally, it is more difficult to use the Gish gallop in a structured debate than in a free-form one. If a debater is familiar with an opponent who is known to use the Gish gallop, the technique may be countered somewhat during a debate, by preempting and refuting the opponent's commonly-used arguments before the opponent has an opportunity to launch into a Gish gallop.
See also
Notes
- Marcovici 2013, p. 39
- Scott 2004, p. 23
- Scott 1994
- "Homeopathy: Recedit ad anum". Short and spiky. 15 Feb 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- St. Whitehall, Nigel (18 Aug 2009). "Skeptoid #167". The Skeptical Review. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- Hayward 2015, p. 67
- Grant 2011, p. 74
- Johnson 2017, p. 14-15
- Grant 2015, p. 55
Sources
- Grant, John (2011). Denying Science: Conspiracy Theories, Media Distortions, and the War Against Reality. Prometheus Books. ISBN 9781616144005.
- Grant, John (2015). Debunk it: How to Stay Sane in a World of Misinformation. San Francisco: Zest Books. ISBN 978-1-936976-68-3.
- Hayward, C.J.S. (2015). The Seraphinians: '"Blessed Seraphim Rose" and His Axe-Wielding Western Converts. The Collected Works of C.J.S. Hayward. San Francisco: Zest Books.
- Johnson, Amy (2017). Gasser, Urs (ed.). "The Multiple Harms of Sea Lions" (PDF). Perspectives on Harmful Speech Online. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society. p. 14.
- Marcovici, Michael (2013). Lesson Learned?: Nuclear Energy after Fukushima. Books on Demand. ISBN 3732202747.
- Scott, Eugenie (2004). Confronting Creationism. Reports of National Center for Science Education. Vol. 24/6.
- Scott, Eugenie (1994). "Debates and the Globetrotters". Talk Origins Archive. Retrieved 2017-10-06.