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]'''Biffeche''' or '''Bifeche''' is an area of ] centred on the town of Savoigne, around 30 kilometres north-east of the major coastal city of ]. |
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]'''Biffeche''' or '''Bifeche''' is an area of ] centred on the town of Savoigne, around 30 kilometres north-east of the major coastal city of ]. |
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{{Serer religion}} |
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{{Serer religion}} |
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Low-lying and largely flat, the region has ],<ref>In {{lang-fr|italic=yes|Peul}} or ''Peulh''; in {{lang-ff|Fulɓe}}.</ref> ] (the original founders of Biffeche and Mt Rolland, and strong adherents to ],<ref>], "La civilisation Sereer - ''Cosaan'' : les origines, vol.1, pp 140-146, Nouvelles Editions ]ines, 1983, {{ISBN|2-7236-0877-8}}</ref><ref name="Ndut1">For more about the ], see : ], "Sagesse ]: Essais sur la pensée ]", </ref><ref>Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in ], ]" 1847-1914, pp vii-5, ], (1968), {{ISBN|0-85224-029-5}}</ref><ref>] in {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151845/http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall.jsp?id=620&idioma=9 |date=2014-05-17 }}</ref> even after the ] and ] tried to kill them off<ref>Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974)</ref><ref name="Ndut">Echenberg, Myron J, "Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945", pp 141-146, Heinemann (2002), {{ISBN|0-325-07017-2}},</ref>), ] and ] ethnic groups engaged in pasturing animals (mainly the Fulas) and irrigation-based agriculture (mostly the Serer-Ndut who are usually mixed-farmers<ref name="Ndut"/>). Savoigne is the region's largest town, twinned with ]; its SOCAS tomato-paste factory imports and dilutes tomato paste for re-shipment within Senegal. The population is primarily ], but also contains ] and ]. The ] is located to the north. |
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Low-lying and largely flat, the region has ],{{efn|In {{lang-fr|italic=yes|Peul}} or ''Peulh''; in {{lang-ff|Fulɓe}}.}} ] (the original founders of Biffeche and Mt Rolland, and strong adherents to ],<ref>], "La civilisation Sereer - ''Cosaan'' : les origines, vol.1, pp 140-146, Nouvelles Editions ]ines, 1983, {{ISBN|2-7236-0877-8}}</ref><ref name="Ndut1">For more about the ], see : ], "Sagesse ]: Essais sur la pensée ]", </ref><ref>Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in ], ]" 1847-1914, pp vii-5, ], (1968), {{ISBN|0-85224-029-5}}</ref><ref>] in {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151845/http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall.jsp?id=620&idioma=9 |date=2014-05-17 }}</ref> even after the ] and ] tried to kill them off<ref>Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974)</ref><ref name="Ndut">Echenberg, Myron J, "Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945", pp 141-146, Heinemann (2002), {{ISBN|0-325-07017-2}},</ref>), ] and ] ethnic groups engaged in pasturing animals (mainly the Fulas) and irrigation-based agriculture (mostly the Serer-Ndut who are usually mixed-farmers<ref name="Ndut"/>). Savoigne is the region's largest town, twinned with ]; its SOCAS tomato-paste factory imports and dilutes tomato paste for re-shipment within Senegal. The population is primarily ], but also contains ] and ]. The ] is located to the north. |
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Early European accounts used the word for a different location, describing a medium-sized island (''Isle de Bifeche'') in the delta of the ] in ], some two miles upstream from the island of N'Dar on which Saint-Louis was founded. ''The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge'' described the island in 1843 as being "entirely covered with wood, and in the wet season a great portion of them is laid under water." |
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Early European accounts used the word for a different location, describing a medium-sized island (''Isle de Bifeche'') in the delta of the ] in ], some two miles upstream from the island of N'Dar on which Saint-Louis was founded. ''The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge'' described the island in 1843 as being "entirely covered with wood, and in the wet season a great portion of them is laid under water." |
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In the 17th century a chief known as the ''Petit ]'' or ''Little King'' ruled over a region known variously as Biffeche or Gangueul with capital at Maka. The ''Grand Brak'' or ''Big King'' ruled the kingdom of ], whose capital was originally at ]. The area was nearly depopulated by repeated slaving raids by Moors from the north. At times, the Petit Brak was tributary to Waalo, at other times allied with ]. In the 1720s, the Brak of Waalo was Erim M'Bagnick and Béquio Malicouri, king of the ''Royaume d'Oral'' (Bethio), was his vassal. |
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In the 17th century a chief known as the ''Petit ]'' or ''Little King'' ruled over a region known variously as Biffeche or Gangueul with capital at Maka. The ''Grand Brak'' or ''Big King'' ruled the kingdom of ], whose capital was originally at ]. The area was nearly depopulated by repeated slaving raids by Moors from the north. At times, the Petit Brak was tributary to Waalo, at other times allied with ]. In the 1720s, the Brak of Waalo was Erim M'Bagnick and Béquio Malicouri, king of the ''Royaume d'Oral'' (Bethio), was his vassal. |
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==Notes== |
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{{portal|Senegal|Gambia|Serer}} |
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{{portal|Senegal|Gambia|Serer}} |
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{{Notelist}} |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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===General=== |
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===General=== |
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*], "Sagesse ]: Essais sur la pensée ]", |
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*], "Sagesse ]: Essais sur la pensée ]", |
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*Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974) |
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*Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974) |
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===Notes=== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== Historical maps == |
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== Historical maps == |
Early European accounts used the word for a different location, describing a medium-sized island (Isle de Bifeche) in the delta of the Senegal River in West Africa, some two miles upstream from the island of N'Dar on which Saint-Louis was founded. The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge described the island in 1843 as being "entirely covered with wood, and in the wet season a great portion of them is laid under water."
