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| '''John Calvin''' (]}: '''Jean Cauvin''', ]: '''Johannes Calvijn''') (], ] - ]) is notable for founding ], a form of ] ], during the ]. In France, the ] and ] followers of '''Calvinism''' were referred to as ]. | '''John Calvin''' (]}: '''Jean Cauvin''', ]: '''Johannes Calvijn''') (], ] - ]) is notable for founding ], a form of ] ], during the ]. In France, the ] and ] followers of '''Calvinism''' were referred to as ]. | ||
Revision as of 01:25, 25 April 2003
John Calvin (Fr}: Jean Cauvin, Nl: Johannes Calvijn) (July 10, 1509 - 1564) is notable for founding Calvinism, a form of Protestant Christianity, during the Protestant Reformation. In France, the 16th and 17th century followers of Calvinism were referred to as Huguenots.
Life
He was born in Noyon, Picardie, France and died in Geneva, Switzerland. Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of Wittenberg castle church in 1517 when Calvin was 6. Calvin was, then, securely a member of the second generation of Reformers.
Calvin's father, an attorney, sent him to the University of Paris to study humanities and law. By 1532, he was a Doctor of Law at Orleans. His first published work was a commentary on the Roman philosopher Seneca.
In 1536 he settled in Geneva, halted in the path of an intended journey to Basel by the personal persuasion of the reformer William Farel.
Writings by Calvin
Calvin also published many volumes of commentaries on the Bible. As much as his practice in Geneva his publications spread his ideas of a correctly reformed church to many parts of Europe. Calvinism became the religion of the majority in Scotland, the Netherlands, and parts of North Germany and was influential in Hungary and Poland. South Africa was founded by mostly Dutch (though some were French and Portuguese as well) Calvinist settlers beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Afrikaners.
Reformed Geneva
Toleration was not a "value" highly prized in the Early Modern period, and it was not one practiced in Geneva. Calvin and his city ejected any remaining Catholics and strongly prohibited any practices they identified as un-reformed, such as dancing, wedding feasts, and the celebration of Christmas and other religious holidays. Michael Servetus, a Spaniard whose writings were identified as Unitarian as opposed to Trinitarian, was arrested and eventually burned as a heretic in Geneva.