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| The Artazian branch of Amatuni was ruling castle of ] (they original Shavarshan) stil in XVth century, as was stated in his book by castilian diplomat don ], when he was traveling to the imperial court of amir ] in Samarkand<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVkMAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=clavijo#v=onepage&q=clavijo&f=</ref><ref>http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/vida-y-hazanas-del-gran-tamorlan-con-la-descripcion-de-las-tierras-de-su-imperio-y-senorio--0/html/feed4b6c-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_1.htm#1</ref>, | The Artazian branch of Amatuni was ruling castle of ] (they original Shavarshan) stil in XVth century, as was stated in his book by castilian diplomat don ], when he was traveling to the imperial court of amir ] in Samarkand<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVkMAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=clavijo#v=onepage&q=clavijo&f=</ref><ref>http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/vida-y-hazanas-del-gran-tamorlan-con-la-descripcion-de-las-tierras-de-su-imperio-y-senorio--0/html/feed4b6c-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_1.htm#1</ref>, | ||
| until they became allies of ] against ] tribe. They lost ] in the mid of first half of the XVI-th century to Kurdish alliances of ] in result of beginning of ] and moved with most of Armenian population to ] and ], was recognized as ] and ]s and serve as governors,] (Allahverdi-khan Amatuni) in XVI-XVII centuries. | |||
| until they became allies of ] against ] tribe. | |||
| == Later family == | == Later family == | ||
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Amatuni (Template:Lang-hy) is an ancient Armenian noble family, known from the 4th century in the canton of Artaz, between lakes Van and Urmia, with its center at Shavarshan (latter-day Maku), and subsequently also at Aragatsotn, west of Lake Sevan, with the residence at Oshakan.
Medieval dynasty
The Amatuni who was of Caspio-Median or Matianian-Mannaean origin, is given a specious Jewish ancestry from descendants of Samson by the early Armenian tradition (Moses of Chorene 2.57).They were variously attributed a descent from Astyages of Media and a Hebrew descent. Their forefather's name Manue suggests a possible connection with the royal Assyrian house of Adiabene. Also , Nicholas Adontz suggested that princely house of Amatuni is descendants of kings(chieftains) of Matiene.
Apparently, starting from 336 A.D. princes Amatuni was in charge of the tax service of the Armenian kingdom, when the Arshakids bestowed on them the fortress and possession of Oshakan in the heart of their Ayrarat royal domain, not far from the capital of the kingdom Dvin(Moses of Chorene 2.57). Historians described the battle that took place in 336 near Oshakan, between Armenians and Persians, in which Armenians won. For his valor in the liberation wars, in 336, the Armenian king Khosrov III presented Oshakan to Vahan Amatuni. During the war,they sent their Suzerain(overlord), the king of Armenia, 500 horses and cavalry soldiers, which shows the political weight and military potential of this grand princely family. At the initiative of the princes Amatuni , creator of the Armenian alphabet Mesrop Mashtots was buried here. Nakharars Amatuni owned Oshakan until 773, after which these lands came under the control of the Bagratids.
After the Sassanids of Iran abolished the Arsacid monarchy in Armenia in 428, Vahan (II) Amatuni was appointed by the Great King as assistant governor to the Iranian marzpan. However, the Sassanid propagation of Zoroastrianism among the Christian Armenian caused the reversal of Amatuni's loyalty and, in 451, Vahan revolted, only to be banished to Gorgan.In 451, the famous Battle of Avarayr between Armenians and Persians took place here in Artaz, south of Maku.
Ironically, when preparations were underway for another insurrection in 482, it was an Amatuni, Varaz Sapuh, who revealed the plan to the Iranians. During the Roman-Iranian war of 572-91, Kotit Amatuni, together with other Armenian princes exasperated by the bureaucratic oppression of the emperor Maurice, fought on the Iranian side, but Amatuni fell into disgrace c. 596 at Ctesiphon, and the king of Iran had him executed.
The transfer of regional power from the Sassanids to Muslim Arab rule provoked a large-scale aristocratic insurrection of 774-75. The revolt's failure forced many of its leaders to flee to Western Georgia or the Byzantine Empire. Sapuh Amatuni, his son Haman, and some 12,000 followers moved to Byzantium and established the Principality of Hamamshen in the Black Sea region of Lazistan. In the 9th century, Amatuni still remained in the possession of Artaz, but under the suzerainty of the Artsruni of Vaspurakan. In the 13th and 14th centuries, this house, under the name of Vachutean, once more came to prominence in the Georgian sphere of influence; under the suzerainty of the Mkhargrdzeli (Zakarid) princes, they ruled again over Aragatsotn, as well as a portion of Shirak and Nig, a key fortress in Amberd. The Vachutean genealogy, based on epigraphic data, was reconstructed by Marie Brosset and can be found in his Rapports sur un voyage archéologique dans la Géorgie et dans l'Arménie (St. Petersburg 1849-1851) III: 99-100.
The Artazian branch of Amatuni was ruling castle of Maku (they original Shavarshan) stil in XVth century, as was stated in his book by castilian diplomat don Ruy González de Clavijo, when he was traveling to the imperial court of amir Timurleng in Samarkand, until they became allies of Sefevides against Aq Qoyunlu tribe. They lost Maku in the mid of first half of the XVI-th century to Kurdish alliances of Ottomans in result of beginning of Ottoman-Sefevides wars and moved with most of Armenian population to Karadag and Nakhichevan, was recognized as khans and meliks and serve as governors,statesman and military commanders (Allahverdi-khan Amatuni) in XVI-XVII centuries.
Later family
After the Middle Ages the Amatuni family disappeared from history, though in 1784 a family of Nakhichevan meliks with the same name(melik Azarian-Amatuni) (Georgian: ამატუნი) was recognized as descended from it, and therefore as princely, in the kingdom of Georgia. After the Russian annexation of Georgia, the family was confirmed in the dignity of knyaz on March 25, 1826.
See also
Bibliography
Nicolas AdontzArmenia in the Period of Justinian: the Political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System. Translated with partial revisions, a bibliographical note, and appendices by Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon, 1970.
List of Armenian princes(nakharars) and they contribution during the war
https://www.twirpx.com/file/1316485/
References
- ^ Toumanoff, Cyril. Amatuni Archived 2007-10-15 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Edition. Retrieved on December 25, 2007.
- C. Toumanoff, Introduction to Christian Caucasian History II: Status and Dynasties of the Formative Period, Traditio, Vol. XVII, pp.1–107, 1961, Fordham University Press, New York.(see p.48-49)
- Cyrille Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 197
The Princes Amatuni were a Caspio-Median, or Mannaean, dynastic house from Artaz, with the city of Shawarshan (later Maku, in northeastern Vaspurakan), situated between lakes Van and Urmia (Mantiane), which subsequently ruled a State in Aragatsotn, in Ayrarat, centered in the castle of Oshakan. They were variously attributed a descent from Astyages of Media and a Hebrew descent.
- Jacob Neusne, 1969, A History of the Jews in Babylonia, Volume 2, page 352-3
- https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVkMAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=clavijo#v=onepage&q=clavijo&f=
- http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/vida-y-hazanas-del-gran-tamorlan-con-la-descripcion-de-las-tierras-de-su-imperio-y-senorio--0/html/feed4b6c-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_1.htm#1
- Template:Ru iconАматуни. Russian Biographic Lexicon. Retrieved on November 28, 2007.