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{{Terrorism in New Zealand}} | {{Terrorism in New Zealand}} | ||
The '''Christchurch mosque shootings''' were two coordinated ] ] at ] and the ] in ], ], during ] on 15 March 2019. At least 49 people were killed and at least 40 others were injured. Forty-one people were killed at or near Al Noor. Seven others died at Linwood. An additional victim died in hospital.<ref name=":3" /> Three suspects were arrested, with one charged. The shootings were described as ]s by Prime Minister ] and various governments internationally. | The '''Christchurch mosque shootings''' were two coordinated ] ] at ] and the ] in ], ], during ] on 15 March 2019. At least 49 people were killed and at least 40 others were injured. Forty-one people were killed at or near Al Noor. Seven others died at Linwood. An additional victim died in hospital.<ref name=":3" /> Three suspects were arrested, with one charged. The shootings were described as ]s by Prime Minister ] and various governments internationally. One gunman was reported to be Brenton Tarrant, an Australian.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-15/christchurch-shooting-brenton-tarrant-what-we-know/10904744 | first1=Michael |last1=Workman | first2=Stephen |last2=Hutcheon |first3=Pat |last3=McGrath|title=Christchurch shooting attacker Brenton Tarrant was a personal trainer in Grafton|date=15 March 2019|publisher=ABC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/police-respond-to-shooting-inside-christchurch-mosque/news-story/db75a7aa031b8db068ca7c7e44c4728e |first1=Natalie| last1=Wolfe| first2=Shannon |last2=Molloy |first3=Stephanie |last3=Bedo| title=Dozens dead after gunman opens fire on Christchurch mosques in ‘unprecedented’ terror attack |date=15 March 2019|publisher=News Corp Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734 |title=Gunman who opened fire on Christchurch mosque addresses attack in manifesto|publisher=News Corp Australia|date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Christchurch mosque shootings: First picture of 'gunman' Brenton Tarrant| first1=Tom |last1=Davidson |date=15 March 2019| publisher=Irish Mirror|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/breaking-christchurch-mosque-shooting-first-14138632}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Christchurch terrorist attack: Death toll climbs to 49 after New Zealand's 'darkest day'|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/christchurch-shooting-live-several-reported-dead-as-new-zealand-mosques-attacked-20190315-p514jg.html|first1=Sally |last1=Rawsthorne |first2=Jenny |last2=Noyes| publisher=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> | ||
⚫ | The shootings were the deadliest attacks in New Zealand since the 1943 ] riot where 49 people were killed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Christchurch mosque shootings: New Zealand's worst since 1943 |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/crime/news/article.cfm?c_id=30&objectid=12213106&ref=rss |work=] |accessdate=16 March 2019 |language=en-NZ |date=15 March 2019|via=www.nzherald.co.nz}}</ref> They are the first ] since the 1997 ] as well as the deadliest criminal acts in New Zealand history, surpassing the 1990 ].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11788645 |title=Raurimu 20 years on: the madman, the massacre and the memories |last=Leask |first=Anna |date=3 February 2017 |work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=15 March 2019 |language=en-NZ |issn=1170-0777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/christchurch-nz-shooting.html |title=New Zealand Police Say Multiple Deaths in 2 Mosque Shootings in Christchurch |last=Graham-McLay |first=Charlotte |date=14 March 2019 |work=The New York Times|access-date=15 March 2019 |last2=Ramzy |first2=Austin |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/asia/live-news/new-zealand-christchurch-shooting-intl/index.html |title=Mass shootings at New Zealand mosques |date=15 March 2019 |website=CNN |accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
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⚫ | The shootings were the deadliest |
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== Attacks == | == Attacks == | ||
⚫ | The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque in Riccarton at 13:40 on 15 March 2019 ] (00:40 ]) and continued at the Linwood Islamic Centre later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47578798|title=New Zealand mosque shootings kill 49|date=15 March 2019|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="stuff-111313938">{{cite news |
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⚫ | === Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton === | ||
Police found two car bombs in a vehicle.<ref name="radionz-384811" /> The ] defused them without incident.<ref name="radionz-384811" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Casiano |first1=Louis |title=40 killed and more than 20 seriously injured in New Zealand mass shooting targeting mosques |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/multiple-fatalities-at-new-zealand-mosque-shooting-police |website=Fox News |date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="radionz-384811">{{Cite news |title=Watch: Christchurch mosque shooting – Four in custody |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/384811/watch-christchurch-mosque-shooting-four-in-custody |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=15 March 2019 |accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> | |||
⚫ | The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque in Riccarton at 13:40 on 15 March 2019 ] (00:40 ]) and continued at the Linwood Islamic Centre later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47578798|title=New Zealand mosque shootings kill 49|date=15 March 2019|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="stuff-111313938">{{cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/111313938/live-terror-attack-video-christchurch-mosque-shooting-muslims-new-zealand|title=Christchurch shootings: Death toll rises to 49 following terrorist attack – live updates|date=15 March 2019|accessdate=15 March 2019|publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="abc-10904416">{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-15/live-blog-christchurch-shooting-multiple-fatalities-new-zealand/10904416|title=Christchurch shootings see 49 people killed in attacks on mosques|date=15 March 2019|work=]|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
⚫ | A heavily armed gunman attacked the Al Noor Mosque in Deans Avenue, ] at around 13:40.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/new-zealand-mosque-shooting-latest-updates-christchurch-hagley-park-a8823961.html |title=Armed police deployed after shots fired at New Zealand mosque |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=15 March 2019 |publisher='']'' |language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> The Al Noor gunman ] 16 minutes of his activities on ], including the attack. He identified himself as a 28-year-old Australian ] and ].<ref name="nzherald_2019-03-15">{{cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12213076|title=Mosque shooting: Christchurch gunman livestreamed shooting|date=15 March 2019|newspaper=''The New Zealand Herald''|access-date=15 March 2019|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref><ref name="WeillSommer"/> Moments before the shooting the perpetrator in his car played "Serbia Strong", a ] song from the ] (1990s) celebrating ], who was found guilty of ].<ref name="KoziolChristchurch">{{cite web|last=Koziol|first=Michael|title=Christchurch shooter's manifesto reveals an obsession with white supremacy over Muslims|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/christchurch-shooter-s-manifesto-reveals-an-obsession-with-white-supremacy-over-muslims-20190315-p514ko.html|website=www.smh.com.au|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=15 March 2019}} "Music was playing in the car in the background of the video of Tarrant's attack, one in the Serbian language, and one in German. The Serbian song references the "butcher of Bosnia", Radovan Karadžić, a convicted war criminal and the political leader of Bosnian Serbs."Wolves are on the move from Krajina. Fascists and Turks, beware. Karadžić, lead your Serbs, let them see they fear no one," the lyrics say."</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Orfanides |first1=Effie |title=‘Remove Kebab,’ the Song Played by Brenton Tarrant in His Facebook Live Video |url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/remove-kebab-song-english-lyrics-meaning/ |accessdate=16 March 2019 |agency=heavy. |date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Coalson"/><ref name="Zivanovic"/><ref name="SBSinsights"/> Among making many other ] and ] references, he also said "subscribe to ]" during his live-stream before carrying out the attack, a reference to the current ] subscriber battle.<ref name="PewDiePie">{{cite news |last1=Paton |first1=Callum |title=PewDiePie 'Sickened' by New Zealand Mosque Shooter Telling Worshippers to Follow Him Before Opening Fire |url=https://www.newsweek.com/pewdiepie-sickened-new-zealand-mosque-shooter-telling-worshippers-follow-him-1364126 |work=Newsweek |date=15 March 2019 | accessdate = 15 March 2019}}</ref> Just before the shooting, the gunman appeared to be greeted by one of the worshippers who said "hello, brother", and who was amongst the first people to be killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/brother-muslim-worshipper-words-gunman-190315152715528.html|title='Hello brother': Muslim worshipper's 'last words' to gunman|date=15 March 2019|work=Al Jazzera}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2019/03/15/hello-brother-first-christchurch-mosque-victim-said-to-shooter/|work=Toronto City News|date=15 March 2019|title='Hello brother,' first Christchurch mosque victim said to shooter}}</ref> | ||
Forty-one people were killed at or near Al Noor. Seven others died at Linwood. An additional victim died in hospital.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
The guns were covered in white writing that named historical events, people, and motifs related to conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims.<ref name="nzherald_2019-03-15" />{{notetag|The markings on the gun included references to the 2018 ], the 1189–1191 ], the 1683 ], the 732 ], the 1571 ], the 1805 ], the 1877–1878 ], ], ], ] ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ] and "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by ] during the ].<ref name="dailysabah">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/asia/2019/03/15/new-zealand-mosque-shooter-names-his-idols-on-weapons-he-used-in-massacre|title=New Zealand mosque shooter names his 'idols' on weapons he used in massacre.|publisher=Daily Sabah|location=Istanbul|date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Coalson"/><ref name="Zivanovic"/> The ] phrase "Remove Kebab", a slogan originating from ] that spread globally and is used by white supremacists, was shown on one of Tarrant's weapons.<ref name="Coalson">{{cite web|last=Coalson|first=Robert|title=Christchurch Attacks: Suspect Took Inspiration From Former Yugoslavia's Ethnically Fueled Wars|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/christchurch-attacks-yugoslavia-tarrant-inspiration-suspect-new-zealand/29823655.html|website=www.rferl.org|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|accessdate=15 March 2019}} "Remove Kebab, an anti-Muslim slogan that began in Serbia but has been adopted by white supremacists across Europe and around the world."</ref>}} | |||
⚫ | === Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton === | ||
⚫ | |||
The gunman spent several minutes inside the mosque killing the attendees. He killed three people near the entrance, and multiple others inside a larger room. The gunman shot at the victims multiple times while they were already gunned down. He then left the mosque and shot people outside. He went on to retrieve another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to murder more victims, many of whom were already wounded and unable to escape. The gunman then exited the mosque for a second time and killed a woman near the footpath. He fled the scene shortly thereafter.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/witness-many-dead-in-new-zealand-mosque-shooting/507178452/|title=Mosque shootings kill 49; white racist claims responsibility|last=Perry|first=Nick|date=15 March 2019|work=Star Tribune|access-date=|last2=Baker|first2=Mark}}</ref> The video showed that the gunman shot other civilians near the area and drove away at a high speed.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-shootout/dozens-killed-as-gunman-livestreams-new-zealand-mosque-shootings-idUSKCN1QW05Y|title=Dozens killed as gunman livestreams New Zealand mosque shootings|last=Menon|first=Praveen|date=15 March 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=|last2=Greenfield|first2=Charlotte}}</ref> | The gunman spent several minutes inside the mosque killing the attendees. He killed three people near the entrance, and multiple others inside a larger room. The gunman shot at the victims multiple times while they were already gunned down. He then left the mosque and shot people outside. He went on to retrieve another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to murder more victims, many of whom were already wounded and unable to escape. The gunman then exited the mosque for a second time and killed a woman near the footpath. He fled the scene shortly thereafter.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/witness-many-dead-in-new-zealand-mosque-shooting/507178452/|title=Mosque shootings kill 49; white racist claims responsibility|last=Perry|first=Nick|date=15 March 2019|work=Star Tribune|access-date=|last2=Baker|first2=Mark}}</ref> The video showed that the gunman shot other civilians near the area and drove away at a high speed.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-shootout/dozens-killed-as-gunman-livestreams-new-zealand-mosque-shootings-idUSKCN1QW05Y|title=Dozens killed as gunman livestreams New Zealand mosque shootings|last=Menon|first=Praveen|date=15 March 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=|last2=Greenfield|first2=Charlotte}}</ref> | ||
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Three hundred to five hundred people may have been inside the mosque, attending ], at the time of the shooting.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/police-responding-critical-incident-in-christchurch |title=LIVE: Mass shooting at Christchurch mosque as police respond to 'active shooter' situation |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=] |accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> A neighbour of the mosque told reporters that he witnessed the shooter flee the mosque and drop what appeared to be a firearm in the driveway while he fled.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-15/armed-police-respond-to-suspected-shooting-christchurch-mosque/10904306 |title=Reports of multiple casualties in Christchurch mosque shooting |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=] |language=en-AU|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> The neighbour said that the shooter appeared to be wearing military-style clothes. After the shooting ended, the neighbour went inside to help the victims.<ref name=":2" /> | Three hundred to five hundred people may have been inside the mosque, attending ], at the time of the shooting.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/police-responding-critical-incident-in-christchurch |title=LIVE: Mass shooting at Christchurch mosque as police respond to 'active shooter' situation |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=] |accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> A neighbour of the mosque told reporters that he witnessed the shooter flee the mosque and drop what appeared to be a firearm in the driveway while he fled.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-15/armed-police-respond-to-suspected-shooting-christchurch-mosque/10904306 |title=Reports of multiple casualties in Christchurch mosque shooting |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=] |language=en-AU|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> The neighbour said that the shooter appeared to be wearing military-style clothes. After the shooting ended, the neighbour went inside to help the victims.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
Police found two car bombs in a vehicle.<ref name="radionz-384811" |
Police found two car bombs in a vehicle.<ref name="radionz-384811" /> The ] defused them without incident.<ref name="radionz-384811" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Casiano |first1=Louis |title=40 killed and more than 20 seriously injured in New Zealand mass shooting targeting mosques |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/multiple-fatalities-at-new-zealand-mosque-shooting-police |website=Fox News |date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="radionz-384811">{{Cite news |title=Watch: Christchurch mosque shooting – Four in custody |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/384811/watch-christchurch-mosque-shooting-four-in-custody |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=15 March 2019 |accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
=== Linwood Islamic Centre === | === Linwood Islamic Centre === | ||
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Before the shooting, Tarrant posted an 87-page manifesto titled "The Great Replacement" (a reference to the ] and ]) on the image board ] outlining his attack.<ref name="manifesto">{{cite web|url=https://observer.news/featured/the-manifesto-of-brenton-tarrant-a-right-wing-terrorist-on-a-crusade/|title=The Manifesto of Brenton Tarrant – a right-wing terrorist on a Crusade|author=Charlene Wong|date=15 March 2019}} (includes manifesto PDF)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734|title=Christchurch mosque shooting: Gunman posts manifesto detailing reasons for attack|website=news.com.au|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=thewestaus_2019-03-15>{{cite news |title=Australian man named as NZ mosque gunman |url=https://thewest.com.au/news/terrorism/australian-man-brenton-tarrant-named-as-christchurch-gunman-as-four-taken-into-custody-ng-b881137083z |accessdate=15 March 2019 |work=The West Australian |date=15 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="MartinChristchurch">{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Lisa|title=Rightwing extremist wrote manifesto before livestreaming Christchurch shooting|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/15/rightwing-extremist-wrote-manifesto-before-livestreaming-christchurch-shooting|website=www.theguardian.com|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> The manifesto says he chose New Zealand as the target two years earlier and had been planning the attack for three months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/111329032/terrorism-security-expert-chris-kumeroa-says-new-zealanders-need-to-be-alert-to-potential-threats|title=Terrorism security expert Chris Kumeroa says New Zealanders need to be alert to potential threats|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> In the manifesto he describes himself as a "racist" and "]" concerned with ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-03-15/new-zealand-suspect-says-he-is-racist-eco-fascist-who-is-mostly-introverted/|title=New Zealand suspect Brenton Tarrant ‘says he is racist eco-fascist who is mostly introverted’|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/03/what-the-christchurch-attackers-manifesto-tells-us.html|title=What the Christchurch Attacker’s Manifesto Tells Us|last=Weissmann|first=Jordan|date=15 March 2019|website=Slate Magazine|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> It expresses several ] and ] sentiments including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for Muslims "invading his land" to be killed primarily to "preserve the white race".<ref name="Zivanovic">{{cite web|last=Zivanovic|first=Maja|title=New Zealand Mosque Gunman ‘Inspired by Balkan Nationalists’|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2019/03/15/new-zealand-mosque-gunman-inspired-by-balkan-nationalists/|website=Balkaninsight.com|publisher=Balkaninsight|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=anti-muslim_manifesto>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/new-zealand-christchurch-shooting-intl/h_d311bee77f1e9671f04fc3a16c3b2002|title=Attacker posted 87-page "anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim" manifesto|date=15 March 2019|website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref><ref name="SBSinsights"/> The manifesto includes references to high-profile right-wing figures and ]s and encourages people online to agree with the shooting and to create more memes.<ref name="WeillSommer"/> These elements, along with the live streaming video, in which its viewers had cheered the attack on, gave the appearance that the attack was ], designed to create disagreements and anger between different groups, which is further supported by his reasoning for his choice of weapon, which was to violently escalate the American gun control debate.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/15/world/asia/new-zealand-gunman-christchurch.html | title = In New Zealand, Signs Point to a Gunman Steeped in Internet Trolling | first = Daniel | last =Victor | date = 15 March 2019 | accessdate = 15 March 2019 | work = ] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47579243 | title = New Zealand mosque shooting: What is known about the suspects? | date = 15 March 2019 | accessdate = 15 March 2019 | work = ] }}</ref> | Before the shooting, Tarrant posted an 87-page manifesto titled "The Great Replacement" (a reference to the ] and ]) on the image board ] outlining his attack.<ref name="manifesto">{{cite web|url=https://observer.news/featured/the-manifesto-of-brenton-tarrant-a-right-wing-terrorist-on-a-crusade/|title=The Manifesto of Brenton Tarrant – a right-wing terrorist on a Crusade|author=Charlene Wong|date=15 March 2019}} (includes manifesto PDF)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734|title=Christchurch mosque shooting: Gunman posts manifesto detailing reasons for attack|website=news.com.au|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=thewestaus_2019-03-15>{{cite news |title=Australian man named as NZ mosque gunman |url=https://thewest.com.au/news/terrorism/australian-man-brenton-tarrant-named-as-christchurch-gunman-as-four-taken-into-custody-ng-b881137083z |accessdate=15 March 2019 |work=The West Australian |date=15 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="MartinChristchurch">{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Lisa|title=Rightwing extremist wrote manifesto before livestreaming Christchurch shooting|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/15/rightwing-extremist-wrote-manifesto-before-livestreaming-christchurch-shooting|website=www.theguardian.com|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> The manifesto says he chose New Zealand as the target two years earlier and had been planning the attack for three months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/111329032/terrorism-security-expert-chris-kumeroa-says-new-zealanders-need-to-be-alert-to-potential-threats|title=Terrorism security expert Chris Kumeroa says New Zealanders need to be alert to potential threats|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> In the manifesto he describes himself as a "racist" and "]" concerned with ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-03-15/new-zealand-suspect-says-he-is-racist-eco-fascist-who-is-mostly-introverted/|title=New Zealand suspect Brenton Tarrant ‘says he is racist eco-fascist who is mostly introverted’|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/03/what-the-christchurch-attackers-manifesto-tells-us.html|title=What the Christchurch Attacker’s Manifesto Tells Us|last=Weissmann|first=Jordan|date=15 March 2019|website=Slate Magazine|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> It expresses several ] and ] sentiments including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for Muslims "invading his land" to be killed primarily to "preserve the white race".<ref name="Zivanovic">{{cite web|last=Zivanovic|first=Maja|title=New Zealand Mosque Gunman ‘Inspired by Balkan Nationalists’|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2019/03/15/new-zealand-mosque-gunman-inspired-by-balkan-nationalists/|website=Balkaninsight.com|publisher=Balkaninsight|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=anti-muslim_manifesto>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/new-zealand-christchurch-shooting-intl/h_d311bee77f1e9671f04fc3a16c3b2002|title=Attacker posted 87-page "anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim" manifesto|date=15 March 2019|website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref><ref name="SBSinsights"/> The manifesto includes references to high-profile right-wing figures and ]s and encourages people online to agree with the shooting and to create more memes.<ref name="WeillSommer"/> These elements, along with the live streaming video, in which its viewers had cheered the attack on, gave the appearance that the attack was ], designed to create disagreements and anger between different groups, which is further supported by his reasoning for his choice of weapon, which was to violently escalate the American gun control debate.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/15/world/asia/new-zealand-gunman-christchurch.html | title = In New Zealand, Signs Point to a Gunman Steeped in Internet Trolling | first = Daniel | last =Victor | date = 15 March 2019 | accessdate = 15 March 2019 | work = ] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47579243 | title = New Zealand mosque shooting: What is known about the suspects? | date = 15 March 2019 | accessdate = 15 March 2019 | work = ] }}</ref> | ||
The author of the manifesto also labels himself a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme on the internet regarding the genocide by the ] against ].<ref name="WeillSommer">{{cite web|last1=Weill|first1=Kelly|last2=Sommer|first2=Will|title=Mosque Attack Video Linked to ‘White Genocide’ Rant|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/christchurch-shootings-mosque-attack-video-linked-to-white-genocide-rant|website=www.thedailybeast.com|publisher=Daily Beast|accessdate=15 March 2019}} "The manifesto is riddled with references to ] memes, and urges people who agree with the shooting to make more memes. At one point, the writer describes himself as a “kebab removalist,” a reference to a 4Chan meme about Serbian attacks on Bosnian Muslims. "</ref><ref name="SBSinsights">{{cite web |title=Murderous insights in NZ shooter manifesto|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/murderous-insights-in-nz-shooter-manifesto|website=SBS|publisher=SBS|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> In the manifesto the ] between ] and ] is mentioned and the gunman calls for a weakened |
The author of the manifesto also labels himself a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme on the internet regarding the genocide by the ] against ].<ref name="WeillSommer">{{cite web|last1=Weill|first1=Kelly|last2=Sommer|first2=Will|title=Mosque Attack Video Linked to ‘White Genocide’ Rant|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/christchurch-shootings-mosque-attack-video-linked-to-white-genocide-rant|website=www.thedailybeast.com|publisher=Daily Beast|accessdate=15 March 2019}} "The manifesto is riddled with references to ] memes, and urges people who agree with the shooting to make more memes. At one point, the writer describes himself as a “kebab removalist,” a reference to a 4Chan meme about Serbian attacks on Bosnian Muslims. "</ref><ref name="SBSinsights">{{cite web |title=Murderous insights in NZ shooter manifesto|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/murderous-insights-in-nz-shooter-manifesto|website=SBS|publisher=SBS|accessdate=15 March 2019}}</ref> In the manifesto the ] between ] and ] is mentioned and the gunman calls for a weakened ] to prevent it from any future situation to intervene or side with Muslims against Christian Europeans trying to remove "Islamic occupiers from Europe".<ref name="Zivanovic"/><ref name="Coalson"/> The gunman stated in his manifesto that he was inspired by a ] done by ] in Norway, 2011.<ref name="Coalson"/> Motivations for the attack are mentioned in the manifesto such as revenge for European civilians who were casualties in Islamic terrorist attacks within Europe.<ref name="manifesto"/> In particular, the writer repeatedly mentions Ebba Åkerlund, a victim in the ].<ref name="manifesto"/> | ||
⚫ | The guns Tarrant promised to use were covered in white writing that named historical events, people, and motifs related to conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims.<ref name="nzherald_2019-03-15" />{{notetag|The markings on the gun included references to the 2018 ], the 1189–1191 ], the 1683 ], the 732 ], the 1571 ], the 1805 ], the 1877–1878 ], ], ], ] ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ] and "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by ] during the ].<ref name="dailysabah">{{cite news|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/asia/2019/03/15/new-zealand-mosque-shooter-names-his-idols-on-weapons-he-used-in-massacre|title=New Zealand mosque shooter names his 'idols' on weapons he used in massacre.|publisher=Daily Sabah|location=Istanbul|date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Coalson"/><ref name="Zivanovic"/> The ] phrase "Remove Kebab", a slogan originating from ] that spread globally and is used by white supremacists, was shown on one of Tarrant's weapons.<ref name="Coalson">{{cite web|last=Coalson|first=Robert|title=Christchurch Attacks: Suspect Took Inspiration From Former Yugoslavia's Ethnically Fueled Wars|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/christchurch-attacks-yugoslavia-tarrant-inspiration-suspect-new-zealand/29823655.html|website=www.rferl.org|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|accessdate=15 March 2019}} "Remove Kebab, an anti-Muslim slogan that began in Serbia but has been adopted by white supremacists across Europe and around the world."</ref>}} | ||
== Victims == | == Victims == |
Revision as of 22:11, 15 March 2019
Terrorist mass shooting attacks in Christchurch, New Zealand
This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page, but please note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed. (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Christchurch mosque shootings | |
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Part of Terrorism in New Zealand | |
Al Noor Mosque, June 2006 | |
Location of Al Noor Mosque (left) and Linwood Islamic Centre (right) | |
Location | Christchurch, Canterbury Region, New Zealand |
Coordinates | 43°31′58″S 172°36′42″E / 43.5329°S 172.6118°E / -43.5329; 172.6118 |
Date | 15 March 2019 13:40 (NZDT (UTC+13:00)) |
Target | Muslim worshipers at mosques |
Attack type | Mass shooting, terrorist attack, attempted bombing |
Weapons | Two semi-automatic weapons, two shotguns, one bolt-action rifle |
Deaths | 49 |
Injured | 40+ |
Motive | Far-right extremism |
Terrorism in New Zealand | |
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Notable attacks |
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Counter-terrorism |
The Christchurch mosque shootings were two coordinated white supremacist right-wing terrorist attacks at Al Noor Mosque and the Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, during Friday prayer on 15 March 2019. At least 49 people were killed and at least 40 others were injured. Forty-one people were killed at or near Al Noor. Seven others died at Linwood. An additional victim died in hospital. Three suspects were arrested, with one charged. The shootings were described as terrorist attacks by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and various governments internationally. One gunman was reported to be Brenton Tarrant, an Australian.
The shootings were the deadliest attacks in New Zealand since the 1943 Featherston prisoner of war camp riot where 49 people were killed. They are the first mass shootings in New Zealand since the 1997 Raurimu massacre as well as the deadliest criminal acts in New Zealand history, surpassing the 1990 Aramoana massacre.
Attacks
Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton
The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque in Riccarton at 13:40 on 15 March 2019 NZDT (00:40 UTC) and continued at the Linwood Islamic Centre later.
A heavily armed gunman attacked the Al Noor Mosque in Deans Avenue, Riccarton at around 13:40. The Al Noor gunman livestreamed 16 minutes of his activities on Facebook Live, including the attack. He identified himself as a 28-year-old Australian neo-Nazi and white supremacist. Moments before the shooting the perpetrator in his car played "Serbia Strong", a nationalist Serbian song from the Yugoslav Wars (1990s) celebrating Radovan Karadžić, who was found guilty of genocide against Bosnian Muslims. Among making many other Internet culture and meme references, he also said "subscribe to PewDiePie" during his live-stream before carrying out the attack, a reference to the current PewDiePie vs T-Series subscriber battle. Just before the shooting, the gunman appeared to be greeted by one of the worshippers who said "hello, brother", and who was amongst the first people to be killed.
The gunman spent several minutes inside the mosque killing the attendees. He killed three people near the entrance, and multiple others inside a larger room. The gunman shot at the victims multiple times while they were already gunned down. He then left the mosque and shot people outside. He went on to retrieve another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to murder more victims, many of whom were already wounded and unable to escape. The gunman then exited the mosque for a second time and killed a woman near the footpath. He fled the scene shortly thereafter. The video showed that the gunman shot other civilians near the area and drove away at a high speed.
Three hundred to five hundred people may have been inside the mosque, attending Friday Prayer, at the time of the shooting. A neighbour of the mosque told reporters that he witnessed the shooter flee the mosque and drop what appeared to be a firearm in the driveway while he fled. The neighbour said that the shooter appeared to be wearing military-style clothes. After the shooting ended, the neighbour went inside to help the victims.
Police found two car bombs in a vehicle. The New Zealand Defence Force defused them without incident.
Linwood Islamic Centre
A second shooting occurred at the Linwood Islamic Centre. This mosque is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Al Noor. Early reports spoke of "a multiple, simultaneous attack", although later on one suspect was charged for the "planned" murder at both sites. Seven people were killed inside the mosque and three outside. The shooting was interrupted when a Muslim worshipper wrestled a firearm away from an attacker and used it in self-defence.
Suspects
Brenton Tarrant | |
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Born | 1990 or 1991 (age 33–34) Australia |
Citizenship | Australian |
Police Commissioner Mike Bush initially said that three men and one woman had been arrested in connection with the attacks at the two mosques. All four were said to hold extremist views, but this has been confirmed only to one of them. One of the suspects was earlier reported as having been wearing explosives. However, Bush rejected this. He also denied initial reports of a shooting at the Christchurch Hospital. Officials believe no other suspects were involved. The police later said one of the reported suspects had no relation to the attacks and was revealed to be a member of the public with a firearm who was trying to help police. Only one suspect is charged with murder, while the roles of two armed suspects are still being determined. The police have not stated whether the same suspect was responsible for both shootings.
Tarrant acquired a New Zealand category A gun license in November 2017 and started purchasing weapons in December 2017.
Before the shooting, Tarrant posted an 87-page manifesto titled "The Great Replacement" (a reference to the white genocide conspiracy theory and its French variant) on the image board 8chan outlining his attack. The manifesto says he chose New Zealand as the target two years earlier and had been planning the attack for three months. In the manifesto he describes himself as a "racist" and "eco-fascist" concerned with global warming. It expresses several anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sentiments including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for Muslims "invading his land" to be killed primarily to "preserve the white race". The manifesto includes references to high-profile right-wing figures and internet memes and encourages people online to agree with the shooting and to create more memes. These elements, along with the live streaming video, in which its viewers had cheered the attack on, gave the appearance that the attack was trolling, designed to create disagreements and anger between different groups, which is further supported by his reasoning for his choice of weapon, which was to violently escalate the American gun control debate.
The author of the manifesto also labels himself a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme on the internet regarding the genocide by the Bosnian Serb army against Bosnian Muslims. In the manifesto the Kosovo conflict between Albanians and Serbs is mentioned and the gunman calls for a weakened USA to prevent it from any future situation to intervene or side with Muslims against Christian Europeans trying to remove "Islamic occupiers from Europe". The gunman stated in his manifesto that he was inspired by a similar shooting done by Anders Behring Breivik in Norway, 2011. Motivations for the attack are mentioned in the manifesto such as revenge for European civilians who were casualties in Islamic terrorist attacks within Europe. In particular, the writer repeatedly mentions Ebba Åkerlund, a victim in the 2017 Stockholm truck attack.
The guns Tarrant promised to use were covered in white writing that named historical events, people, and motifs related to conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims.
Victims
The New Zealand Police initially declined to confirm the number of fatalities. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern was the first to announce that 40 people died in the attacks. This figure was later revised to 49 people, including 41 at the Al Noor Mosque and 7 at the Linwood Islamic Centre. As of 21:00 NZDT on the evening of the attacks, one person had died from their wounds at Christchurch Hospital, and 48 people were being treated for gunshot wounds, 20 of whom were in a serious condition.
Several diplomatic offices and foreign ministries released statements concerning the number of victims from their nations. The honorary consul of Bangladesh and Jordan's Foreign Affairs Ministry confirmed, respectively, that three Bangladeshis and two Jordanians were among the dead. According to Asaduddin Owaisi, a Muslim parliamentarian from Hyderabad, two Indians were also killed. According to the Pakistan Foreign Ministry spokesperson, four Pakistanis are injured and five are missing.
Aftermath
Survivors of the incidents were transported to nearby hospitals. Forty-eight people, including young children, with gunshot wounds were treated at Christchurch Hospital, with more being transported to other hospitals within Christchurch and nationally. Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) activated its mass casualty plan. A spokesperson said that they had found two improvised explosive devices in a single car and had disarmed one.
The live stream was re-posted on many video streaming services including LiveLeak and YouTube. Police, Muslim advocacy groups and government agencies urged anyone who finds the footage to take it down or report it. Some media organisations in Australia and the United Kingdom broadcast parts of the live stream, up to the point the gunman entered the building, despite pleas from police not to show it. Social sites including Facebook, YouTube, Reddit and Twitter, among others, stated they were working diligently to remove the video of the attack from their platforms, and stated that they would also remove anything supporting the attacks; for example, Reddit banned a subforum named "watchpeopledie", which they claimed had glorified the attacks. Still, copies of the video were continually being uploaded on YouTube and Twitter.
A number of schools near to the incidents were locked down in the wake of the event. School strikers at the Global School Strike rally in Cathedral Square, near the two attacks, were advised to either seek refuge in public buildings or go home by police. Authorities advised all mosques in the country to close until further notice and have sent police to secure all locations. All Air New Zealand Link flights departing Christchurch Airport were cancelled as a precaution due to the absence of security screening.
The Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Co-ordination (ODESC) was convened to coordinate the government response. Prime minister Jacinda Ardern, who was on public engagements in New Plymouth, returned to Wellington by air to receive official advice.
The third Test cricket match between New Zealand and Bangladesh, scheduled to be played at the Hagley Oval in Christchurch from 16 March, was cancelled because of security concerns. The Bangladeshi team were about to attend the Al Noor Mosque and were moments from entering the building when the incident began. The players then fled on foot to Hagley Oval.
In Dunedin, the New Zealand Police's Armed Offenders Squad searched a house in Andersons Bay after the Christchurch mosque shooter indicated on social media that he had originally planned to target the city's Al Huda Mosque. Police have cordoned off part of the surrounding street and evacuated nearby residents. The University of Otago also postponed its 150th anniversary street parade which was scheduled for 16 March in response to security concerns.
A Givealittle online fundraiser to support victims and their families raised over $400,000.
Reactions
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern called the incident an "act of extreme and unprecedented violence" and said "this is one of New Zealand's darkest days." She also described it as a well planned terrorist attack. For the first time in its history the terror threat level was lifted to high. Christchurch mayor Lianne Dalziel never thought something like this could happen in New Zealand, saying "everyone is shocked".
Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, said she was "deeply saddened" by the attack: "Prince Philip and I send our condolences to the families and friends of those who have lost their lives."
Many politicians and world leaders also expressed their sorrow at the attacks.
Swedish YouTuber PewDiePie, referenced by a perpetrator during the attack, posted on Twitter: "Just heard news of the devastating reports from New Zealand Christchurch. I feel absolutely sickened having my name uttered by this person. My heart and thoughts go out to the victims, families and everyone affected by this tragedy."
See also
- Islam in New Zealand
- List of massacres in New Zealand
- List of terrorist incidents in March 2019
- Right-wing terrorism
Notes
- The markings on the gun included references to the 2018 Global Compact for Migration, the 1189–1191 Siege of Acre, the 1683 Battle of Vienna, the 732 Battle of Tours, the 1571 Battle of Lepanto, the 1805 Battle of Ivankovac, the 1877–1878 Battle of Shipka Pass, Charles Martel, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki, Marcantonio Colonna, Sebastiano Venier, Luca Traini, Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal, Alexandre Bissonnette, Lazar Hrebeljanović, Dmitry Senyavin, Miloš Obilić, John Hunyadi, Șerban Cantacuzino, Marco Antonio Bragadin, Ștefan cel Mare, Skanderbeg, Bajo Pivljanin, Novak Vujošević, Edward Codrington, Marko Miljanov Popović, Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, the Fourteen Words and "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by Greeks during the Greek War of Independence. The anti-Muslim phrase "Remove Kebab", a slogan originating from Serbia that spread globally and is used by white supremacists, was shown on one of Tarrant's weapons.
- Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev sent a letter to Prime Minister Ardern. Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison expressed support for New Zealand and condemned the shootings as a "violent, extremist, right-wing terrorist attack." He confirmed that an Australian had been detained as a suspect in connection with the attack. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed his shock and sadness at the loss of life. In a letter to Prime Minister Ardern, Modi stressed India's condemnation of all forms of terrorism and its supporters. British Prime Minister Theresa May described the incident as a "horrifying terrorist attack", and said "my thoughts are with all of those affected by this sickening act of violence". It was also reported that the Home Secretary would hold talks with senior counterterrorism experts to review security at British mosques in the wake of the attack. The Bolivian government expressed its solidarity and heartfelt condolences to the victims' relatives. In a message sent from Athens, Bolivian president Evo Morales said that Bolivia, as a pacifist country, condemns the use of weapons to spread death and pain in the society. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau expressed "deepest condolences" and stated that "Canada remembers too well the sorrow we felt when a senseless attack on the Centre culturel islamique de Québec in Ste-Foy claimed the lives of many innocent people gathered in prayer", referencing the Quebec City mosque shooting in 2017. U.S. President Donald Trump extended his "warmest sympathy and best wishes...to the people of New Zealand", and he and the FBI offered them assistance. This was after the New York Times reported that the shooter praised President Trump in his manifesto. Former President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton offered condolences, and security at mosques around the United States was increased. Russian President Vladimir Putin sent Prime Minister Ardern a message of condolence, saying "This attack on civilians who gathered for prayer is shocking in its violence and cynicism". The lighting of the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, the tallest free-standing structure in Europe, was off one hour as a sign of mourning.
References
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{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Mosque shooting: Christchurch gunman livestreamed shooting". The New Zealand Herald. 15 March 2019. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - "New Zealand Givealittle page raises more than $400k for victims of Christchurch terror attack". Stuff.co.nz. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "Live stream: 1 News at 6pm". 15 March 2019.
- "PM on mosque shooting: 'One of New Zealand's darkest days'". Newstalk ZB. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "Christchurch mosque shootings: 'This can only be described as a terrorist attack' – PM Jacinda Ardern". Radio New Zealand. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Christchurch shootings: UK mosque security to be discussed". BBC News. BBC. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "World leaders condemn Christchurch mosque terrorism attack". Stuff. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- Aliyev, Ilham (15 March 2019). "Yeni Zelandiyanın Baş naziri Zati-aliləri xanım Casinda Ardernə". president.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- Morrison, Scott. "I'm horrified by the reports I'm following of the serious shooting in Christchurch, New Zealand. The situation is still unfolding but our thoughts and prayers are with our Kiwi cousins". Twitter. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "'We're not just allies': Scott Morrison says Australia grieves with New Zealand". YouTube. ABC News. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- Shield, Bevan (15 March 2019). "Scott Morrison confirms Australian taken into custody after 'vicious, murderous' terrorist attack". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
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(help) - "PM Modi, other world leaders condemn mass killing in New Zealand Mosques". www.newsonair.com. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "Bolivia condemns mass killing in New Zealand Mosques". www.twitter.com. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "Statement by the Prime Minister on terrorist attack on two mosques in New Zealand" (Press release). PMO. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019.
{{cite press release}}
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suggested) (help) - "49 dead in terror attack at New Zealand mosques". CNN. CNN.
- "Christchurch shootings: 49 dead in New Zealand mosque attacks". BBC. BBC.
- "Dozens killed as gunman livestreams New Zealand mosque shootings". Reuters. Reuters. 14 March 2019.
- Trump, Donald J. (15 March 2019). "My warmest sympathy and best wishes goes out to the people of New Zealand after the horrible massacre in the Mosques. 49 innocent people have so senselessly died, with so many more seriously injured. The U.S. stands by New Zealand for anything we can do. God bless all!". @realDonaldTrump. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- Martin, Dan Desai (15 March 2019). "Senator slams Trump for influencing anti-Muslim terror attack". Share Blue. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- "Live reaction to NZ mosque attack". BBC. BBC.
- "Security Increased at American Mosques After New Zealand Attack". NYT. NYT. 15 March 2019.
- "Condolences to Prime Minister of New Zealand Jacinda Ardern". Kremlin. 15 March 2019.
- "Останкинская телебашня погаснет на час в знак траура по жертвам в Новой Зеландии". TASS (in Russian). 15 March 2019.
- "49 killed in terrorist attack at mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
Further afield, Felix Kjellberg, a YouTube celebrity from Sweden who goes by "PewDiePie" and flirts openly with Nazi symbolism, distanced himself from the violence after the man who live-streamed his rampage asked viewers to "subscribe to PewDiePie."
External links
Portals: Categories:- Current events
- 2010s in Christchurch
- 2019 crimes in New Zealand
- 2019 mass shootings
- Attacks on mosques
- Crime in Christchurch
- Live streaming crimes
- March 2019 events in Oceania
- Mass shootings in Oceania
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