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| ==Controversy regarding Black Death pathogen == | ==Controversy regarding Black Death pathogen == | ||
| Some scientists{{who}} have put forward{{where}} the idea that the Black Death was not caused by '']'' as some{{who}} have thought, and some evidence{{examples}} of this has been found{{by who}} in plague pits,{{where}} where the pathogens of other diseases, such as ], have been discovered.{{by who}} | Some scientists{{who|date=October 2019}} have put forward{{where|date=October 2019}} the idea that the Black Death was not caused by '']'' as some{{who|date=October 2019}} have thought, and some evidence{{examples|date=October 2019}} of this has been found{{by who|date=October 2019}} in plague pits,{{where|date=October 2019}} where the pathogens of other diseases, such as ], have been discovered.{{by who|date=October 2019}} | ||
| However the screening of over 100 skeletal remains from Black Death victims buried in London's ] plague pit points to ''Yersinia pestis'' as the cause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/10/black_death.html|title=Black Death plague pit produces first ancient bacterial genome : News blog|website=blogs.nature.com|date=12 October 2011 |first=Ewen|last=Callaway|access-date=2016-09-12}}</ref> | However the screening of over 100 skeletal remains from Black Death victims buried in London's ] plague pit points to ''Yersinia pestis'' as the cause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/10/black_death.html|title=Black Death plague pit produces first ancient bacterial genome : News blog|website=blogs.nature.com|date=12 October 2011 |first=Ewen|last=Callaway|access-date=2016-09-12}}</ref> | ||
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A plague pit is the informal term used to refer to mass graves in which victims of the Black Death were buried. The term is most often used to describe pits located on Great Britain, but can be applied to any place where bubonic plague victims were buried.
Origin
The plague which swept across China, Middle East, and Europe in the 14th century is estimated to have killed between one-third and two-thirds of Europe's population. Disposal of the bodies of those who died presented huge problems for the authorities, and eventually the normal patterns of burial and funerary observance broke down.
Major plague outbreaks
Plague pits were used especially often during major plague outbreaks, such as the London epidemic of 1665. During these times, graveyards rapidly filled, and such graves became available only to wealthy people. Parishes became strained; one example, the records of St Bride's Church on Fleet Street during the London 1665 plague, shows typical methods employed by the parishes.
In 1665, the total number of deaths in the parish rose to five and a half times their normal number, with 2,111 deaths overall and 1,427 attributed to plague.
Controversy regarding Black Death pathogen
Some scientists have put forward the idea that the Black Death was not caused by Yersinia pestis as some have thought, and some evidence of this has been found in plague pits, where the pathogens of other diseases, such as anthrax, have been discovered.
However the screening of over 100 skeletal remains from Black Death victims buried in London's East Smithfield plague pit points to Yersinia pestis as the cause.
References
- Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, "The Greatest Epidemic of History" ("La plus grande épidémie de l'histoire", in L'Histoire n° 310, June 2006, pp.45-46, say "between one-third and two-thirds"; Robert Gottfried (1983). "Black Death" in Dictionary of the Middle Ages, volume 2, pp.257-67, says "between 25 and 45 percent".
- "Population Loss". History.boisestate.edu. Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- "Plague and Public Health in Renaissance Europe". .iath.virginia.edu. 1994-10-28. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- "Burial of the plague dead in early modern London". History.ac.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- Callaway, Ewen (12 October 2011). "Black Death plague pit produces first ancient bacterial genome : News blog". blogs.nature.com. Retrieved 2016-09-12.