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| '''Khotyn''' (Polish: Chocim, Russian: Khotin) is a town in the ] of ]. In former times the town was part of the ] region, which between the ] and the ] centuries passed successively to Moldavia, the ], ], ], the ], and Ukraine and Moldova. Due to the frequent change of control the name also changed frequently, and there is a multitute of spellings for the town, including but not limited to '''Khotyn''', '''Chotyn''', '''Hotin''', '''Choczim''', or '''Khotin'''. The city is famous for its history and archaeology, and also for the |
'''Khotyn''' (Polish: Chocim, Russian: Khotin) is a town in the ] of ]. In former times the town was part of the ] region, which between the ] and the ] centuries passed successively to Moldavia, the ], ], ], the ], and Ukraine and Moldova. Due to the frequent change of control the name also changed frequently, and there is a multitute of spellings for the town, including but not limited to '''Khotyn''', '''Chotyn''', '''Hotin''', '''Choczim''', or '''Khotin'''. The city is famous for its history and archaeology, and also for the . | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
Revision as of 10:06, 27 January 2005
Khotyn (Polish: Chocim, Russian: Khotin) is a town in the Chernivets'ka oblast' of Ukraine. In former times the town was part of the Bessarabia region, which between the 15th and the 20th centuries passed successively to Moldavia, the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Ukraine and Moldova. Due to the frequent change of control the name also changed frequently, and there is a multitute of spellings for the town, including but not limited to Khotyn, Chotyn, Hotin, Choczim, or Khotin. The city is famous for its history and archaeology, and also for the Khotyn Fortress.
History
In the 10th century, Khotyn was a minor settlement of Kievan Rus. In the later part of middle ages it was the seat of a Genoese colony; and it has been in Turkish possession by the 17th century.
The chief events in its annals are the defeat of the Turks in 1621 by Ladislaus IV of Poland, in 1673 by John Sobieski, of Poland, and in 1739 by the Russians under Munnich; the defeat of the Russians by the Turks in 1768; the capture by the Russians in 1769, and by the Austrians in 1788; and the occupation by the Russians in 1806. It finally passed to Russia with Bessarabia in 1812 by the Peace of Bucharest.
In 1918, it was annexed by Romania and was a stage of the bloody Khotyn uprising of ethnic Ukrainians against the Romanian rule. Some 11000 cilvilians are estimated to have been killed during the massacre instigated by Romanian authorities. The town passed to the Soviet Ukraine in June 1940 with the rest of the Chernivtsi region (formerly known by its historic name Bukovina) as an outcome of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
==Battles==
In the 1621 battle of Khotyn, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans were led by Sultan Osman II from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier. The Turkish who after their victory at the Cecora had high hopes of conquering Poland altogether. Their opposing military commander Jan Karol Chodkiewicz crossed the Dnieper in September 1621 and entrenched himself in the Khotyn Fortress right in the path of the Ottoman advance. Here for a whole month the Commonwealth hetman held the sultan at bay, till the first fall of autumn snow compelled Osman to withdraw his diminished forces. But the victory was dearly purchased by Poland. A few days before the siege was raised the aged grand hetman died of exhaustion in the fortress on September 24, 1621. The battle is described by Wacław Potocki in his most famous work Transakcja wojny chocimskiej.
In the 1673 battle of Khotyn, the Polish Hussars again fought a major battle at this location.
In the Russo-Turkish War, the fortress was taken by Russian field marshal Burkhard Christoph von Munnich on August 19 1739. This victory is remembered primarily through the Ode on the Taking of Khotin from the Turks, composed by the young Mikhail Lomonosov. This ode produced a revolution in the Russian letters and often taken as a starting point of the modern Russian literature.
Famous People
The Romanian philologist Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu was bown in Chocim in February 16, 1836.