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Anti-Blackness in the United States was nominated for deletion. The discussion was closed on 5 December 2015 with a consensus to merge. Its contents were merged into Racism in the United States. The original page is now a redirect to this page. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected article, please see its history; for its talk page, see here.

This article was the subject of an educational assignment in Fall 2013. Further details were available on the "Education Program:Rice University/Poverty, Justice, Human Capabilities Section 1 (Fall 2013)" page, which is now unavailable on the wiki.

Template:WikiEd banner shell This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 July 2020 and 14 August 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): ElenieAnteneh, Nohely VS (article contribs). This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2020 and 4 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): MBJAnderson (article contribs).

A member of the Guild of Copy Editors, Miniapolis, reviewed a version of this article for copy editing on November 15, 2020. However, a major copy edit was inappropriate at that time because of the issues specified below, or the other tags now found on this article. Once these issues have been addressed, and any related tags have been cleared, please tag the article once again for {{Copy edit}}. The Guild welcomes all editors with a good grasp of English. Visit our project page if you are interested in joining! Please address the following issues as well as any other cleanup tags before re-tagging this article with copyedit: Badly in need of dividing per WP:TOOBIG

European section needs more serious attention

Whoever wrote this section had at best only a casual familiarity with the serious scholarly literature that's been published on this subject. References to Rebecca Fried (an elementary schoolgirl with no standing in academic history), Patrick Young (a lawyer-activist) and The Guardian, of all publications, are a testament to this fact. This statement in particular:

"There was widespread anti-Irish job discrimination in the United States and "No Irish need apply" signs were common."

needs a better reference than Rebecca Fried. The fact is, scholars of Irish-American social history are split on this question. On the one hand, there are distinguished historians such as Kerby Miller who would seem to agree with this statement, while other scholars have challenged Miller's methodologies and even motivations for advancing this view. Reginald Byron, for example, was a cultural anthropologist who published a large study on "Irish America" (called "Irish America") which contests Miller theses, such as the exile view of Irish emigration, the assimilability of Irish immigrants in America, and, yes, the argument that anti-Irish job discrimination was "widespread" in the US and representative of some sort of common experience for Irish immigrants. Byron's methods were also much more scientifically rigorous than Miller's.

Even if Miller's work is accurate, he focuses almost entirely on Northeastern cities and has very little to say about the rest of the US. Was anti-Irish job discrimination "widespread" in California? In the Montana territory? What about the Southeast? New Orleans? St. Louis? New York, Philadelphia and Boston are not the entire United States.

In addition, despite the bulk of anti-Irish NINA ads that targeted women in the domestics sector, 19th Century Irish immigrant women still dominated this job market to the extent that the Irish maid became a popular cliché. I would think that this alone would raise some serious concerns about the practice of extrapolating historical narratives by looking at newspaper ads, which Rebecca Fried seems to think is a novel approach.

And finally, I reject that we are even giving any space to European-Americans in an article about racism in the US. The word "race", as it is commonly understood today, would not apply to "white" ethnic groups in the 1800s. In addition, most sociologists agree that "racism" is an institutional phenomenon (involving not just prejudice, but the political, economic and social power to enforce prejudice legally or with impunity), while none of the white groups mentioned in this article were ever discriminated against in such a systemic manner or as required by law. In the 19th Century US, during both the antebellum and post-antebellum periods, white males from all corners of Europe, Catholic or Protestant, had voting rights, property rights, citizenship rights, marriage rights (could marry any white woman), political rights (could hold positions in government), and were never segregated in the military or civilian society. The experiences of non-European groups in the US were quite different, and should not be treated as part of the same phenomenon.Jonathan f1 (talk) 07:59, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

"The word "race", as it is commonly understood today, would not apply to "white" ethnic groups in the 1800s." The main article on racism states )(with sources): "It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity." Dimadick (talk) 07:27, 29 September 2020 (UTC)

The entire section should be removed due to racism being a political action that whites are both uniquely capable of and incapable of being the victims of, and the article actually describes any potential discrimination as "religious discrimination" for irish, italians, polish and finish. While it's described as anti-Nazi for german. Nothing to do with race, even if it were systemic and whites were actual victims. 88.106.238.93 (talk) 13:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Comments on new edits

Hi MBJAnderson, thank you for the great and timely contributions. I wanted to point out that there are no images in the education section; I think the article would benefit from some photos which highlight how alive racism is in American schools today. I would also add a few sentences in the section on denial of racism in education. Best, 19jshi (talk) 04:11, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Length of the article

I think that the length of this article may be detrimental to people trying to find a specific piece of information as it covers a very long time period and many races. I think it could be more helpful to either split it up into a history by race or split it up into multiple time periods for the ease of the reader. --WildeViolets (talk) 00:23, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Peer Review

You did a great job maintaining neutrality. My only piece of advice really is to maybe add some images to break up the text. I think some more visuals would help engage your audience, maybe even younger readers. AHall08 (talk) 00:37, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Remove European Section

The European section has nothing to do with racism and instead focuses purely on religion and country of origin. It does not belong on an article about racism as there is no example of racism, only prejudice.88.106.233.198 (talk) 12:38, 31 October 2020 (UTC)

I've restored it, see Racism. Doug Weller talk 15:20, 31 October 2020 (UTC)

Again, this article is about racism, not religious prejudice. Institutional racism doesn't victimise whites, it harms them by allowing them to call themselves human while preventing them from recognising that POC are the real people. Your opinions do not change what reliable sources have to say on toxic whiteness. 88.106.233.198 (talk) 21:48, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

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