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| The work was a collaboration between ] and ], financed by ] in 1735-1736. Clifford, a wealthy ] banker was a keen ] with a large ] and governor of the ]. He had the income to attract the talents of botanists such as Linnaeus and artists like Ehret and ]. Together at the Clifford summer estate ], which was located south of ] in ] near ], they produced the first scholarly classification of an English garden. The garden at Hartekamp was already quite famous before George Clifford bought the place in 1709. Under his ownership, the number of unusual plants grew exponentially. He had 4 hothouses built to house the many tropical plants that he collected through his business connections from all over the world. He was an important friend and seed supplier for botanist ], whose summer home (and garden) at ] was just a short trip away by '']'' along the Haarlem-Leiden canal known as the ]. | The work was a collaboration between ] and ], financed by ] in 1735-1736. Clifford, a wealthy ] banker was a keen ] with a large ] and governor of the ]. He had the income to attract the talents of botanists such as Linnaeus and artists like Ehret and ]. Together at the Clifford summer estate ], which was located south of ] in ] near ], they produced the first scholarly classification of an English garden. The garden at Hartekamp was already quite famous before George Clifford bought the place in 1709. Under his ownership, the number of unusual plants grew exponentially. He had 4 hothouses built to house the many tropical plants that he collected through his business connections from all over the world. He was an important friend and seed supplier for botanist ], whose summer home (and garden) at ] was just a short trip away by '']'' along the Haarlem-Leiden canal known as the ]. | ||
| ]'' (ref: NHM BM000558558) from the herbarium, mounted using a label made to look like an urn.]] | |||
| In 1736 George Clifford became famous for growing the first indoor ], and for this reason ] was eager to work with him. | In 1736 George Clifford became famous for growing the first indoor ], and for this reason ] was eager to work with him. | ||
| George Clifford died in 1760 and left the business and property to his sons. The banking house of Clifford under George Clifford Jr. fell in 1772 and the estate Hartekamp went out of the family in 1788. Since then the garden has declined and is currently used as a school campus. After the fall of Clifford & Zn., Clifford's herbarium was acquired by ] in 1791 who passed it on to the ], where it is published online. | George Clifford died in 1760 and left the business and property to his sons. The banking house of Clifford under George Clifford Jr. fell in 1772 and the estate Hartekamp went out of the family in 1788. Since then the garden has declined and is currently used as a school campus. After the fall of Clifford & Zn., | ||
| == Herbarium == | |||
| ]'' (ref: NHM BM000558558) from the herbarium, mounted using a label made to look like an urn.]] | |||
| Clifford's herbarium was acquired by ] in 1791 who passed it on to the ], where it is published online. | |||
| Many of the specimens in the collection are mounted on the paper contemporary with their preservation, but some have been remounted on a type of paper used by the ].<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger">{{cite q|Q57253910}}</ref> They are labelled in various hands, including Clifford's own.<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger" /> Many are mounted using a label made to look like an urn; a method typical of and exclusive to Dutch herbaria of the period.<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger" /> Various styles of urn were used.<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger" /> | Many of the specimens in the collection are mounted on the paper contemporary with their preservation, but some have been remounted on a type of paper used by the ].<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger">{{cite q|Q57253910}}</ref> They are labelled in various hands, including Clifford's own.<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger" /> Many are mounted using a label made to look like an urn; a method typical of and exclusive to Dutch herbaria of the period.<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger" /> Various styles of urn were used.<ref name="Wijnands+Heniger" /> | ||
Revision as of 18:28, 22 February 2021
The Hortus Cliffortianus is a work of early botanical literature published in 1737.
The work was a collaboration between Carl Linnaeus and Georg Dionysius Ehret, financed by George Clifford in 1735-1736. Clifford, a wealthy Amsterdam banker was a keen botanist with a large herbarium and governor of the Dutch East India Company. He had the income to attract the talents of botanists such as Linnaeus and artists like Ehret and Jan Wandelaar. Together at the Clifford summer estate Hartecamp, which was located south of Haarlem in Heemstede near Bennebroek, they produced the first scholarly classification of an English garden. The garden at Hartekamp was already quite famous before George Clifford bought the place in 1709. Under his ownership, the number of unusual plants grew exponentially. He had 4 hothouses built to house the many tropical plants that he collected through his business connections from all over the world. He was an important friend and seed supplier for botanist Herman Boerhaave, whose summer home (and garden) at Oud Poelgeest was just a short trip away by trekschuit along the Haarlem-Leiden canal known as the Leidsevaart.
In 1736 George Clifford became famous for growing the first indoor banana tree, and for this reason Carl Linnaeus was eager to work with him.
George Clifford died in 1760 and left the business and property to his sons. The banking house of Clifford under George Clifford Jr. fell in 1772 and the estate Hartekamp went out of the family in 1788. Since then the garden has declined and is currently used as a school campus. After the fall of Clifford & Zn.,
Herbarium
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Clifford's herbarium was acquired by Joseph Banks in 1791 who passed it on to the British Museum of Natural History, where it is published online.
Many of the specimens in the collection are mounted on the paper contemporary with their preservation, but some have been remounted on a type of paper used by the British Museum. They are labelled in various hands, including Clifford's own. Many are mounted using a label made to look like an urn; a method typical of and exclusive to Dutch herbaria of the period. Various styles of urn were used.
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View of Hartekamp from the Herenweg, the road from Haarlem to Leiden that leads along 17th and 18th century summer homes.
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View of Hartekamp from the 'Leidse trekvaart' or Leiden-Haarlem canal
References
- ^ D. Onno Wijnands; Johannes Heniger (June 1991). "The origins of Clifford's herbarium". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 106 (2): 129–146. doi:10.1111/J.1095-8339.1991.TB02288.X. ISSN 0024-4074. Wikidata Q57253910.
- Hortus Cliffortianus, 1737, is online as an open access text at Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Hortus Cliffortianus (black and white)
- George Clifford Herbarium at the NHM
- Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem
External links
| Carl Linnaeus | ||
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| Published works |
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| General | ||
| Apostles of Linnaeus | ||
| Related people | ||
| Recognitions |
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