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	They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>		They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>

	~~These~~ three tribes~~{{which\|date=September~~ ~~2019}}~~ still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}		All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}

	==References==		==References==

Revision as of 16:02, 4 March 2021

The Tibareni (Greek: Τιβαρηνοί and Τιβαρανοί; Tubal, Thobeles in Josephus) were a people residing on the coast of ancient Pontus referred to in Herodotus, Xenophon, Strabo and other classical authors.

History

Tibareni occupied the country between the Chalybes and the Mosynoeci, on the east of the river Isis, and the country was called Tibarenia (Template:Lang-grc). They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus, and were believed to be of Scythian origin. Strabo describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions Cotyura as their principal town. They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner. Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points. Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.

All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (ancient Pontus), as late as in Roman times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the XIX Satrapy.

References

^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § T622.6
Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 3.94.
^ Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010
Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 5.5.2.
Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Τιβαρηνία.
Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xi. p.527. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 6.4.
Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 12; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.19.
Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 7.78.
Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 7.8.25.
Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). Vol. 14.30.
Dionys. Per. 767; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.2.
Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tibareni". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Revision as of 15:59, 4 March 2021 editAbune (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers31,769 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 16:02, 4 March 2021 edit undoAbune (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers31,769 edits →History Next edit →
Line 6:		Line 6:
	They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>		They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> and were believed to be of ] origin.<ref name=Scholiast>Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010</ref><ref name=Xeonophon>{{Cite AnabasisX\|5.5.2}}</ref><ref>'']''</ref><ref name=Stephanus>{{cite Stephanus\|''s.v.'' Τιβαρηνία}}</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>

	~~These~~ three tribes~~{{which\|date=September~~ ~~2019}}~~ still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}		All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}

	==References==		==References==

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