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Tampere Tammerfors
City
Tampereen kaupunki Tammerfors stad City of Tampere
Clockwise from top-left: the cityscape (viewed from Näsinneula); Tampere City Hall; Särkänniemi (from Näsinneula); Tampere Hall; the skyline with Näsinneula; Tammerkoski from Hämeensilta Bridge; and the Cathedral.
FlagCoat of arms
Nickname(s): Manchester of the North, Manse (in Finnish), Nääsville (in Finnish), Sauna Capital of the World
Location of Tampere (in red) in the Pirkanmaa region and the Tampere sub-region (in yellow)
TampereLocation of Tampere in FinlandShow map of FinlandTampereLocation of Tampere in EuropeShow map of Europe
Coordinates: 61°30′N 23°46′E / 61.500°N 23.767°E / 61.500; 23.767
Country	Finland
Region	Pirkanmaa
Sub-region	Tampere
Founded	1 October 1779
Government
• Mayor	Lauri Lyly
Area
• City	689.59 km (266.25 sq mi)
• Land	524.89 km (202.66 sq mi)
• Water	164.56 km (63.54 sq mi)
• Urban	258.52 km (99.82 sq mi)
• Rank	166th largest in Finland
Population
• City	260,051
• Rank	3rd largest in Finland
• Density	495.44/km (1,283.2/sq mi)
• Urban	334,112
• Urban density	1,211.0/km (3,136/sq mi)
• Metro	409,561
Demonym(s)	tamperelainen (Finnish) tammerforsare (Swedish) Tamperean (English)
Population by native language
• Finnish	89% (official)
• Swedish	0.5%
• Others	10.4%
Population by age
• 0 to 14	13.3%
• 15 to 64	67.5%
• 65 or older	19.2%
Time zone	UTC+02:00 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+03:00 (EEST)
Website	Tampere

Tampere (/ˈtæmpəreɪ/, US also /ˈtæmpərə, ˈtɑːmpəreɪ/, Finnish: [ˈtɑmpere] ; Template:Lang-sv [tɑmːærˈforsː] ; Template:Lang-la) is a city in Pirkanmaa in the western part of Finland. Tampere is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries; it has a population of 238,140 with the urban area holding 334,112 people and the metropolitan area, also known as the Tampere sub-region, holding 385,301 inhabitants in an area of 4,970 km (1,920 sq mi). Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland, after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area, within which both Helsinki and Espoo are located. Today, Tampere is one of a major urban, economic, and cultural hubs in the whole inland region.

Tampere is wedged between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "Manchester of the North" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock". Also, Tampere has been officially declared the "Sauna Capital of the World", because it has the most public saunas in the world.

Helsinki is approximately 160 kilometres (100 mi) south of Tampere, and can be reached in 1 hr, 31 minutes by Pendolino high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car. The distance to Turku is roughly the same. Tampere–Pirkkala Airport is Finland's eighth-busiest airport, with over 230,000 passengers in 2017. Tampere also serves as an important transit route for three Finnish highways: Highway 3 (E12), Highway 9 (E63) and Highway 12.

Tampere ranked 26th in the list of 446 cities in the world's hipster cities, and it has often been rated as the most popular city in Finland.

By 2021, a new multi-purpose sports and entertainment center, Tampere Deck Arena, is nearing completion.

Names and etymology

Although the name Tampere is derived from the Tammerkoski rapids (both the city and the rapids are called Tammerfors in Swedish), the origin of the Tammer- part of that name has been the subject of much debate. Ánte accepts the "straightforward" etymology of Rahkonen and Heikkilä in Proto-Samic *Tëmpël(kōškë), *tëmpël meaning "deep, slow section of a stream" and *kōškë "rapids" (cognate with the Finnish koski). This has become the most accepted explanation in the academia, according to the Institute for the Languages of Finland. Other theories include that it comes from the Swedish word damber, meaning milldam; another, that it originates from the ancient Scandinavian words þambr ("thick bellied") and þambion ("swollen belly"), possibly referring to the shape of the rapids. Another suggestion links the name to the Swedish word Kvatemberdagar, or more colloquially Tamperdagar, meaning the Ember days of the Western Christian liturgical calendar. The Finnish word for oak, tammi, also features in the speculation, although Tampere is situated outside the natural distribution range of the European oak.

Heraldry

The first coat of arms of Tampere was designed by Arvid von Cederwald in 1838, while the current coat of arms of 1960 in use is the handwriting of Olof Eriksson. Changing the coat of arms was a controversial act and the restoration of the old coat of arms has from time to time been demanded even after the change. The new coat of arms has also been called Soviet-style in letters to the editor because of its colors.

The blazon of the old coat of arms has either not survived or it has never been done, but the description of the current coat of arms is explained as follows: "In the red field, a corrugated counter-bar, above which is accompanied by a piled hammer, and below, a Caduceus; all gold". The colors of the coat of arms are the same as in the coat of arms of Pirkanmaa. The hammer, which looks like the first letter of the city's name T, symbolizes Tampere's early industry, Caduceus its trading activities and the corrugated counter-bar the Tammerkoski rapids, which divides Tampere's industrial and commercial areas.

The city received its first seal in 1803, and the seal depicted the city's buildings of that time and Tammerkoski.

History

The earliest known permanent settlements around Tammerkoski were established in 7th century, when settlers from the west of the region started farming land in Takahuhti. For many centuries, the population remained low. By the 16th century, the villages of Messukylä and Takahuhti had grown to be the largest settlements in the region. Other villages nearby were Laiskola, Pyynikkälä and Hatanpää. The early industries in the Pirkanmaa region in the 17th century were mainly watermills and sawmills, while in the 18th century other production began to emerge, as several small-scale ironworks, Tammerkoski distillery and Otavala spinning school were founded.

Before the birth of the city of Tampere, its neighboring municipality of Pirkkala (according to which the current Pirkanmaa region got its name) was the most administratively significant parish in the area throughout the Middle Ages. This all changed in the 18th century when Erik Edner, a Finnish pastor, proposed the establishment of a city of Tampere on the banks of the Tammerkoski channel in 1771–1772; it was officially founded as a market place in 1775 by Gustav III of Sweden and four years later, 1 October 1779, Tampere was granted full city rights. At this time, it was a rather small town, founded on the lands belonging to Tammerkoski manor, while its inhabitants were still mainly farmers. As farming on the city's premises was forbidden, the inhabitants began to rely on other methods of securing a livelihood, primarily trade and handicraft.

Tampere grew as a major market town and industrial centre in the 19th century; the industrialization of Tampere was greatly influenced by the Finlayson textile factory, founded in 1820 by the Scottish industrialist James Finlayson. By the year 1850, the factory employed around 2000 people, while the population of the city had increased to 4000 inhabitants. Other notable industries that followed Finlayson's success in the 1800s were Tampella blast furnace, machine factory and flax mill, Frenckell paper mill, and Tampere broadcloth factory.

Tampere was the centre of many important political events of Finland in the early 20th century. On 1 November 1905, during the general strike, the famous Red Declaration was proclaimed on Keskustori. In 1918, after Finland had gained independence, Tampere played a major role, being one of the strategically important sites during the Civil War in Finland (28 January – 15 May 1918). Tampere was a red stronghold during the war, with Hugo Salmela in command. White forces captured the town after the Battle of Tampere, seizing about 10,000 Red prisoners on 6 April 1918.

Prevalent in Tampere's post-World War II municipal politics was the Brothers-in-Arms Axis (aseveliakseli), which mostly constituted of some of the municipal councilmembers of the National Coalition Party, People's Party of Finland, and right-wing Social Democrats, trying to oppose the politics of Popular Front coalition of the Centre Party, SKDL and left-wing SDP councilmembers.

After World War II, Tampere was enlarged by joining some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947, Lielahti in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and finally Teisko in 1972. The limit of 100,000 inhabitants was crossed in Tampere in 1950. Tampere was long known for its textile and metal industries, but these have been largely replaced by information technology and telecommunications during the 1990s. The technology centre Hermia in Hervanta is home to many companies in these fields. Tampere became a high school city when the Social University moved from Helsinki to Tampere in 1960 and became the University of Tampere in 1966.

Geography

Tampere is part of the Pirkanmaa region and is surrounded by the municipalities of Kangasala, Lempäälä, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Ruovesi, and Ylöjärvi. There are 180 lakes that are larger than 10,000 m (1 ha) in Tampere, and fresh water bodies make up 24% of the city's total area. The lakes have formed as separate basins from Ancylus lake approximately 7500–8000 years ago. The northernmost point of Tampere is located in Lake Vankavesi of Teisko, the southernmost at the eastern end of Lake Hervanta, the easternmost at the northeast corner of Lake Paalijärvi of Teisko and the westernmost at the southeast corner of Lake Haukijärvi near the borders of Ylöjärvi and Nokia. The city center itself is surrounded by three lakes, Näsijärvi, Pyhäjärvi and much smaller Iidesjärvi. Tampere region is situated in the Kokemäki River drainage basin, which discharges into the Bothnian Sea through river which flows through Pori, the capital of Satakunta region. The bedrock of Tampere consists of mica shale and migmatite, and its building stone deposits are diverse: in addition to traditional granite, there is an abundance of quartz diorite, tonalite, mica shale and mica gneiss. One of the most notable geographical features in Tampere is Pyynikinharju, a large esker formed from moraine during the Weichselian glaciation. It rises 160 meters above sea level and is said to be one of the largest gravel eskers in the world. It is also part of Salpausselkä, a 200 km long ridge system left by the ice age.

The center of Tampere (Keskusta), as well as the Pyynikki, Ylä-Pispala and Ala-Pispala districts, are located on the isthmus between Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Näsijärvi. The location of the city on the edge of the Tammerkoski rapids between two long waterways was one of the most important stimuli for its establishment in the 1770s. The streets of central Tampere form a typical grid pattern. On the western edge of the city center, there is a north–south park street, Hämeenpuisto ("Häme Park" or "Tavastia Park"), which leads from the shore of Lake Pyhäjärvi near Lake Näsijärvi. The wide Hämeenkatu street leads east–west from the Tampere Central Station to Hämeenpuisto and crosses Tammerkoski along the Hämeensilta bridge. Also along Hämeenkatu is the longest street in the city center, Satakunnankatu, which extends from Rautatienkatu to Pyynikki, which crosses Tammerkoski along the Satakunnansilta bridge. The Tampere Central Square is located on the western shore of Tammerkoski, close to Hämeensilta. The traffic center of Tampere is the intersection of Itsenäisyydenkatu, Teiskontie, Sammonkatu, Kalevanpuisto park street, and Kaleva and Liisankallio districts.

Neighbourhoods and other subdivisions

The city of Tampere is divided into seven subdivisions, each of which includes the many districts and their suburbs. There are a total of 111 statistical areas in Tampere. However, the statistical areas made for Tampere's statistics do not fully correspond to the Tampere district division or the residents' perception of the districts, as the Amuri, Kyttälä and Tammela districts, for example, are divided into two parts corresponding to the official district division, and in addition to this, Liisankallio and Kalevanrinne are often considered to belong to the Kaleva district.

Climate

Tampere has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Winters are cold and the average temperature from December to March is below 0 °C (32 °F). Summers are cool to warm. On average, snow cover lasts 4–5 months from late November to early April. Considering it being close to the subarctic threshold and inland, winters are, on average, quite mild for the classification, as is the annual mean temperature.

Temperature records of Tampere

Temperature records of Tampere and the near-by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport:

Economy

The Tampere region, Pirkanmaa, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 509,000 residents, 244,000 employed people, and a turnover of 28 billion euros as of 2014.

According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. Unemployment rate was 15.7% in August 2020. 70% of the areas jobs are in the service sector. Less than 20% are in the manufacturing sector. 34.5% of employed people live outside the Tampere municipality and commute to Tampere for work. Meanwhile, 15.6% of Tampere's residents work outside Tampere. In 2014 the largest employers were Kesko, Pirkanmaan Osuuskauppa, Alma Media and Posti Group.

According to a study carried out by the Synergos Research and Training Center of the University of Tampere, the total impact of tourism in the Tampere region in 2012 was more than 909 million euros. Tourism also brought 4,805 person-years to the region. The biggest single attraction in Tampere is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which had about 630,000 visitors in 2016. In addition, in 2015, 1,021,151 overnight stays were made in Tampere hotels. The number exceeded the previous record year with more than 20,000 overnight stays. All that makes Tampere the second most popular city in Finland after Helsinki in terms of hotel stays. Leisure tourism accounted for 55,4% of overnight stays and occupational tourism for 43,2%. The occupancy rate of all accommodation establishments with more than 20 rooms was 57,0%, while that of accommodation establishments in the whole country was 48,3%.

Tampere's economic profit in 2015 was the worst of big Finnish cities. In 2016 the loss of the fiscal year was 18,8 million euros. In the city's economy, the largest revenues come from taxes and government contributions. In 2015, the city received 761 million euros in municipal tax revenue. In addition, 61,4 million euros came from corporate taxes and 64 million euros from property taxes. Tax revenues have not increased as expected in the 2010s, although the city's population has increased. This has been affected by high unemployment.

Demographics

Tampere has 238,671 inhabitants, making it the third most populous municipality in Finland and the tenth in the Nordics. The Tampere region, which has 410,689 inhabitants, is the second largest urban area after Helsinki. 8% of the population has a foreign background, which is lower than Helsinki and Turku but higher than Oulu.

People with a foreign background
Country of origin	Population (2019)
Russia	3,305
Iraq	1,691
Afghanistan	1,405
Sweden	1,142
Estonia	1,088
China	757
Iran	754
Yugoslavia	692
India	665
Somalia	589

Education

The comprehensive education is given mainly in Finnish but the city has special bilingual groups where students study in Finnish and a second language (English, French or German). Furthermore, there is a private Swedish-speaking school (Swedish Svenska samskolan i Tammerfors) that covers all levels of education from preschool to high school.

There are three institutions of higher education in the Tampere area totaling 40,000 students: the university and two polytechnic institutions (Template:Lang-fi). Tampere University (TUNI) has over 20,000 students and is located in two campuses, one in the Kalevanharju district, close to the city centre, and one in Hervanta, in the southern part of the city. The institution was formed in 2019 as a result of the merge of University of Tampere (UTA) and Tampere University of Technology (TUT). TUNI is also the major shareholder of the Tampere University of Applied Sciences (Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu, TAMK), a polytechnic counting about 10,000 students. The Police University College, the polytechnic institution serving all of Finland in its field of specialization, is also located in Tampere.

Tampere University Hospital (Tampereen yliopistollinen sairaala, TAYS) in the Kauppi district, one of the main hospitals in Finland, is affiliated with Tampere University. It is a teaching hospital with 34 medical specializations.

Arts and culture

Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as Väinö Linna, Kalle Päätalo, and Hannu Salama, hail from Tampere. These authors are known particularly as writers depicting the lives of working-class people, thanks to their respective backgrounds as members of the working class. Also from such a background was the poet Lauri Viita of the Pispala district, which was also the original home of the aforementioned Hannu Salama. On October 1, Tampere celebrates the annual Tampere Day (Template:Lang-fi), which hosts a variety of public events.

Media

Tampere has a strong media city, as the television center in Tohloppi and Ristimäki districts has had a nationwide Yle TV2 television channel since the 1970s, and Finnish radio, for example, began in Tampere when Arvi Hauvonen founded the first broadcasting station in 1923. Yle TV2 has its roots in Tamvisio, which was transferred to Yleisradio in 1964. Kakkoskanava ("Channel 2") has been a major influence in Tampere, and several well-known television programs and series have been shot in the city, such as TV comedies Tankki täyteen, Reinikainen and Kummeli. The Tampere Film Festival, an annual international short film event, is held every March.

In 2014, Aamulehti, which was published in Tampere, was the third largest newspaper in Finland in terms of circulation, after Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat. The circulation of the magazine was 106,842 (2014). In addition, a free city newspaper Tamperelainen (literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) will be published in the city.

The city is also known as the home of the popular Hydraulic Press Channel on YouTube, which originates from a machine shop owned by Lauri Vuohensilta.

Food

A local food speciality is mustamakkara, which resembles the black pudding of northern England. It is a black sausage made by mixing pork, pig's blood and crushed rye and flour and is stuffed into the intestines of an animal. It is commonly eaten with lingonberry sauce. Especially Tammelantori square in the district of Tammela is known for its mustamakkara kiosks.

A newer Tampere tradition are munkki, fresh sugary doughnuts that are sold in several cafés around Tampere, but most traditionally in Pyynikki observation tower.

One of the specialties of Tampere's local barbecue dishes include the peremech (Template:Lang-fi) based on traditional Tatar food. It is a pie reminiscent of Karelian pasty with seasoned ground meat inside.

In the 1980s, in addition to mustamakkara and barley bread, the old parish dish of Tampere was also called a potato soup, home-made small beer (kotikalja), a sweetened lingonberry porridge and a sweetened potato casserole (Imelletty perunalaatikko).

Music

Tampere is home to the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra (Tampere Filharmonia), which is one of only two full-sized symphony orchestras in Finland; the other one is located in Helsinki. The orchestra's home venue is the Tampere Hall, and their concerts include classical, popular, and film music. Tampere Music Festivals organises three international music events: The Tampere Jazz Happening each November, and in alternate years The Tampere Vocal Music Festival and the Tampere Biennale. Professional education in many fields of classical music, including performing arts, pedagogic arts, and composition, is provided by Tampere University of Applied Sciences and Tampere Conservatoire. Tammerfest, Tampere's urban rock festival, is held every July. The Blockfest, which also takes place in Tampere during the summer months, is the largest hip hop event in the Nordic countries. The Tampere Floral Festival is an annual event, held each Summer.

Manserock became a general term for rock music from Tampere, which was essentially rock music with Finnish lyrics. Manserock was especially popular during the 1970s and 1980s, and its most popular artists included Juice Leskinen, Virtanen, Kaseva, Popeda, and Eppu Normaali. In 1977, Poko Records, the first record company in Tampere, was founded.

In the 2010s, there has been a lot of popular musical activity in Tampere, particularly in the fields of rock and heavy/black metal; one of the most important metal music events in Tampere is the Sauna Open Air Metal Festival. Some of the most popular bands based in Tampere include Negative, Uniklubi, and Lovex. Tampere also has an active electronic music scene. Tampere hosts an annual World of Tango Festival (Maailmantango), which is one of the most significant tango events in Finland next to the Tangomarkkinat of Seinäjoki.

Theatre

Tampere has a lengthy tradition of theater, with established institutions such as Tampereen Työväen Teatteri, Tampereen Teatteri, and Pyynikin Kesäteatteri, which is an open-air theatre with the oldest revolving auditorium in Europe. The Tampere Theatre Festival (Tampereen teatterikesä) is an international theatre festival held in the city each August.

Religion

As is the case with most of the rest of Finland, most Tampere citizens belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. One Lutheran church in Tampere is Finlayson Church in the district by the same name. Tampere also has a variety of other religious services spanning from traditional to charismatic. There are also some English speaking services, such as the Tampere English Service, an international community affiliated with the Tampere Pentecostal Church. English services of the International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK) are organized by the Anglican Church in Finland and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. The Catholic parish of the Holy Cross also offers services in Finnish, Polish and English. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Tampere is the center of a LDS stake (diocese). Other churches in Tampere are the Baptist Church, the Evangelical Free Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland, the Finnish Orthodox Church and the Nokia Revival.

The Jews had an organized community until 1981. Though a small number of Jews remain in Tampere, organized communal life ended at that time.

City rivalry with Turku

Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of Turku, the first capital of Finland, and they tend to compete for the title of being the "second grand city of Finland" after Helsinki. This hostility is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, mustamakkara, the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Tampere is well known as a food destination because of its food culture. Since 1997, students at Tampere have made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the post-glacial rebound and push the city back into the Baltic Sea.

Sites of interest

One of the main tourist attractions is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which includes the landmark Näsinneula tower, topped by a revolving restaurant. In addition to these, it used to house a dolphinarium. Other sites of interest are Tampere Cathedral, Tampere City Hall, Tampere Central Library Metso ("Capercaillie"), Kaleva Church (both designed by Reima Pietilä), the Tampere Hall (along Hämeenkatu) for conferences and concerts, the Tampere Market Hall and historical Pyynikki observation tower.

Tampere has at least seven hotels, the most noteworthy of which are Hotel Tammer, Hotel Ilves, and Hotel Torni, the tallest hotel building in Finland.

Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to Vladimir Lenin. The museum is housed in the Tampere Workers' Hall (along Hallituskatu) where during a subsequent Bolshevik conference in the city, Lenin met Joseph Stalin for the first time. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905, but eventually fled for Sweden in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian Okhrana. Lenin would not return to any part of the Russian Empire until ten years later, when he heard of the start of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

There are many museums and galleries, including:

• The Vapriikki Museum Centre which includes the Natural History Museum of Tampere, Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame, Finnish Museum of Games, Post Museum and the Shoe Museum
• Tampere Art Museum
• Tampere Lenin Museum
• The Moomin Museum, about Moomins
• Rupriikki Media Museum
• Spy Museum in Siperia
• Workers' housing museum in Amuri.
• Finland's largest glass sculpture, owned by the City of Tampere, "Pack Ice / The Mirror of the Sea" by the renowned artist Timo Sarpaneva, was installed in the entrance lobby of the downtown shopping mall KoskiKeskus until it was moved to a warehouse.

Pispala

Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes. It's the highest gravel ridge in the world, raising 80 metres (260 ft) above Lake Pyhäjärvi and around 160 metres (520 ft) above sea level. It was used to house the majority of industrial labour in the late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of Suur-Pirkkala and its successor Pohjois-Pirkkala. It was a free area to be built upon by the working-class people working in Tampere factories. It joined Tampere in 1937. Currently it is a residential area undergoing significant redevelopment and together with neighbouring Pyynikki it forms an important historical area of Tampere.

Events

Sports

Tampere's sporting scene is mainly driven by ice hockey. The first Finnish ice hockey match was played in Tampere, on the ice of Pyhäjärvi. Tampere is nicknamed the hometown of Finnish ice hockey. Two exceptional ice hockey teams come from Tampere: Ilves and Tappara. They both have had a great impact on Finnish ice hockey culture and are among the most successful teams in Finland. The Finnish ice hockey museum, and the first ice hockey arena to be built in Finland, the Hakametsä arena, are both located in Tampere. Construction of a new main ice hockey arena, Tampere Deck Arena, began in 2018, and is supposed to be finished by 2021. The name of the new arena will be UROS LIVE.

Association football is also a popular sport in Tampere. Ilves alone has over 4,000 players in its football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 (mostly junior) football teams. Basketball is another popular sport in Tampere. The city has three basketball teams with big junior activity and one of them, Tampereen Pyrintö, plays on the highest level (Korisliiga) and was the Finnish Champion in 2010, 2011, and 2014. Tampere Saints is the American football club in the city. The Saints won division 2 in 2015 and plays in the Maple League (division 1) in summer 2017.

Tampere hosted some of the preliminaries for the 1952 Summer Olympics, the 1965 World Ice Hockey Championships and was co-host of the EuroBasket 1967. The city also hosted two canoe sprint world championships, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the World Rowing Junior Championships and in 1995 the Senior World Rowing Championships. Recently, Tampere was the host of the 10th European Youth Olympic Festival from 17 to 25 July 2009 and the 2010 World Ringette Championships from 1 to 6 November at Hakametsä arena.

Concerts

Ratina Stadium of Tampere has served as the venue for many of the most significant concerts, most notably in connection with the Endless Forms Most Beautiful World Tour in 2015 by the band Nightwish. Other noteworthy tours from other bands held at Ratina Stadium include Iron Maiden (Somewhere Back in Time World Tour, 2008), Bruce Springsteen (Working on a Dream Tour, 2009), AC/DC (Black Ice World Tour, 2010), Red Hot Chili Peppers (I'm with You World Tour, 2012), Bon Jovi (Because We Can World Tour, 2013), Robbie Williams (The Heavy Entertainment Show Tour, 2017) and Rammstein (Rammstein Stadium Tour, 2019).

Transport

Tampere is an important railroad hub in Finland and there are direct railroad connections to, for example, Helsinki, Turku and the Port of Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, and Pori. The Tampere Central Railway Station is located in the city center. There are also frequent bus connections to destinations around Finland. To the south of Tampere, there is the Tampere Ring Road, which is important for car traffic and which is part of Finnish highways number 3 (on the west side) and number 9 (on the east side). Teiskontie, which runs east of the city center, is part of Highway 12 in the direction of Lahti.

Tampere is served by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport, located in neighboring municipality Pirkkala some 13 km (8 mi) southwest of the city.

The public transport network in Tampere currently consists solely of a bus network. Between 1948 and 1976 the city also had an extensive trolleybus network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland. As of 2017, construction is underway for a light rail system in the city to replace some of the more popular bus lines (see Tampere light rail), as well as initiating commuter rail service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring towns of Nokia and Lempäälä. Light rail traffic is expected to begin in August 2021.

In 2015, the Port of Tampere, the charter port area carrying passengers on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi and Lake Pyhäjärvi, was the busiest inland waterway in Finland in terms of the number of passengers (71,750). A partial explanation for the high number of passengers can be found in the summer traffic to the Viikinsaari island in Lake Pyhäjärvi, where people travel for an excursion or various cultural events such as watching a summer theater. Domestic passenger and connecting vessel traffic was only busier in the Finnish sea area in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, between mainland Finland and the Åland Islands in the Archipelago Sea.

Distances to other cities

• Helsinki – 180 kilometres (110 mi)
• Hämeenlinna – 79 kilometres (49 mi)
• Joensuu – 396 kilometres (246 mi)
• Jyväskylä – 150 kilometres (93 mi)
• Kuopio – 297 kilometres (185 mi)
• Lahti – 130 kilometres (81 mi)
• Lappeenranta – 276 kilometres (171 mi)
• Oulu – 490 kilometres (300 mi)
• Pori – 110 kilometres (68 mi)
• Seinäjoki – 177 kilometres (110 mi)
• Turku – 163 kilometres (101 mi)
• Vaasa – 240 kilometres (150 mi)

Government

In 2007, Tampere switched to a new model of government. Since then, a mayor and four deputy mayors have been chosen for a period of four years by the city council. The mayor also becomes the seat of the city council for the duration of the tenure.

Mayors over time

• Kaarle Nordlund 1929–1943
• Sulo Typpö 1943–1957
• Erkki Lindfors 1957–1969
• Pekka Paavola 1969–1985
• Jarmo Rantanen 1985–2007
• Timo P. Nieminen (kok.) 2007–2012
• Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (kok.) 2013–2017
• Lauri Lyly (sd.) 2017–present

Notable people

Born before 1900

• Emil Aaltonen (1869—1949), industrialist and philanthropist
• Emanuel Aromaa (1873—1933), politician
• Eero Berg (1898–1969), long-distance runner and Olympic gold medalist
• Minna Canth (1844–1897), author and social activist
• James Finlayson (1772–1852), Scottish Quaker and industrialist
• Väinö Hakkila (1882–1958), politician
• Gustaf Idman (1885–1961), diplomat and a non-partisan Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Alma Jokinen (1882-1939), politician
• Feliks Kellosalmi (1877-1939), politician
• Augusta Laine (1867-1949), teacher of home economics and politician
• Frans Oskar Lilius (1871-1928), politician
• Wivi Lönn (1872–1966), architect
• Kaapo Murros (1875–1951), journalist, lawyer, writer and politician
• Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956), the Prime Minister of Finland and the 7th President of Finland
• Aaro Pajari (1897–1949), Major General and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
• Arvo Pohjannoro (1893–1963), Lutheran clergyman and politician
• Anders Rajala (1891–1957), wrestler
• Julius Saaristo (1891–1969) track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist
• Matti Schreck (1897–1946), banker and film producer
• Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964), author and Nobel laureate
• Bertel Strömmer (1890–1962), architect
• Vilho Tuulos (1895–1967), triple jumper, long jumper and Olympic gold medalist
• August Wesley (1887–?), journalist, trade unionist and revolutionary

Born after 1900

• Jonne Aaron (born 1983), singer
• Sinikka Antila (born 1960), lawyer and diplomat
• Aleksander Barkov (born 1995), Finnish-Russian professional ice hockey player
• Anu Bradford (born 1975), Finnish-American author and law professor
• Johanna Debreczeni (born 1980), singer
• Henrik Otto Donner (1939–2013), composer and music personality
• Anna Falchi (born 1972), Finnish-Italian model and film actress
• Mauri Favén (1920–2006), painter
• Jussi Halla-aho (born 1971), politician and current leader of the Finns Party
• Seppo Jokinen (born 1949), author
• Viljo Kajava (1909–1998), author and poet
• Tapani Kalliomäki (born 1970), stage and film actor
• Glen Kamara (born 1995), professional footballer
• Jorma Karhunen (1913–2002), Finnish Air Force ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
• Leo Kinnunen (1943–2017), Formula One driver
• Mika Koivuniemi (born 1967), bowling coach and professional ten-pin bowler
• Kiira Korpi (born 1988), figure skater
• Urpo Lahtinen (1931–1994), journalist and magazine publisher
• Patrik Laine (born 1998), professional ice hockey player
• Väinö Linna (1920–1992), author
• Tiina Lymi (born 1971), actress, director, screenwriter and author
• Taru Mäkelä (born 1959), film director and screenwriter
• Eeva-Liisa Manner (1921–1995), poet, playwright and translator
• Sanna Marin (born 1985), politician, current leader of the Social Democratic Party and current Prime Minister of Finland
• Sakari Mattila (born 1989), professional footballer
• Matthau Mikojan (born 1982), rock musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter
• Pate Mustajärvi (born 1956), rock singer
• Mikko Nousiainen (born 1975), actor
• Teppo Numminen (born 1968), professional ice hockey player
• Erno Paasilinna (1935–2000), author and journalist
• Pekka Paavola (born 1933), politician and Minister of Justice
• Oiva Paloheimo (1910–1973), author, poet and aphorist
• Veijo Pasanen (1930–1988), actor
• Raisa Räisänen (1983–?), still missing 16-year-old girl, who was declared dead in absentia in 2007
• Matti Ranin (1926–2013), actor
• Leo Riuttu (1913–1989), actor
• Seela Sella (born 1936), actress
• Heikki Silvennoinen (born 1954), musician and actor
• Kikka Sirén (1964–2005), pop and schlager singer
• Armi Toivanen (born 1980), actress
• Jussi Välimäki (born 1974), rally driver
• Lauri Viita (1916–1965), poet
• Sofia Vikman (born 1983), politician
• Olavi Virta (1915–1972), singer
• Hans Wind (1919–1995), fighter pilot, flying ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
• Aki Yli-Salomäki (born 1972), composer, music critic and music journalist

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Tampere is twinned with:

Friendship cities

Tampere has two additional "friendship cities":

See also

• Battle of Tampere
• Mustamakkara
• Nokia, Finland
• Pirkkala
• Ratina Stadium
• Särkänniemi
• Tammerkoski
• Tampere Deck Arena
• Tampere Film Festival
• Tampere Tigers

Notes

1. Pronounced in almost the same way as Nashville
2. Formerly known as Puolimatkankatu
3. Mean value of the airport and not the weather station

Further reading

• Ympäristön tila Tampereella 2014 (in Finnish). Tampere: City of Tampere. 2015. ISBN 978-951-609-755-1.

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External links

• City of Tampere – Official website
• The official Tampere Region visitor website
• Virtual City Guide: VirtualTampere.com
• 1952 Summer Olympics official report Archived 11 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine pp. 62–3.
• Tammerkoski Heritage – Town's Industrial Heritage Portal
• CSSA Tampere Ry
• Lunch restaurants in Tampere
• Tampere travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tammerfors" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

v t e Municipalities of Pirkanmaa
Municipalities	Akaa Hämeenkyrö Ikaalinen Juupajoki Kangasala Kihniö Kuhmoinen Lempäälä Mänttä-Vilppula Nokia Orivesi Pälkäne Parkano Pirkkala Punkalaidun Ruovesi Sastamala Tampere Urjala Valkeakoski Vesilahti Virrat Ylöjärvi
Former municipalities	Äetsä Aitolahti Akaa [fi] Eräjärvi Ikaalisten maalaiskunta [fi] Karkku Keikyä Kiikka Kuhmalahti Kuorevesi Kuru Kylmäkoski Längelmäki Luopioinen Mänttä Messukylä Mouhijärvi Pohjaslahti Sääksmäki Sahalahti Suodenniemi Suoniemi Teisko Toijala Tottijärvi Tyrväntö (part) Tyrvää Vammala Viiala Viljakkala Vilppula
Pirkanmaa Finland

v t e 50 most populous urban areas in the Nordic countries
Denmark  Finland  Iceland  Norway  Sweden
1. Stockholm 1,605,030 2. Copenhagen 1,330,993 3. Helsinki 1,268,296 4. Oslo 1,019,513 5. Gothenburg 599,011 6. Malmö 339,313 7. Tampere 334,112 8. Aarhus 280,534 9. Bergen 259,958 10. Turku 252,468 11. Stavanger/Sandnes 237,369 12. Reykjavík 228,231 13. Oulu 208,939 14. Trondheim 186,364 15. Odense 180,302 16. Uppsala 177,074 17. Upplands Väsby och Sollentuna 149,461 18. Aalborg 140,897 19. Västerås 128,534 20. Örebro 126,009 21. Lahti 119,068 22. Jyväskylä 117,974 23. Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg 116,373 24. Linköping 115,672 25. Helsingborg 113,816 26. Kristiansand 111,633 27. Drammen 109,416 28. Jönköping 100,259 29. Norrköping 97,854 30. Lund 94,393 31. Porsgrunn/Skien 93,778 32. Umeå 90,412 33. Kuopio 88,520 34. Pori 84,026 35. Gävle 77,586 36. Södertälje 75,773 37. Borås 73,980 38. Esbjerg 72,398 39. Halmstad 71,316 40. Växjö 71,009 41. Eskilstuna 70,342 42. Joensuu 67,811 43. Karlstad 65,856 44. Vaasa 65,414 45. Randers 62,482 46. Kolding 61,121 47. Horsens 59,449 48. Sundsvall 58,807 49. Vejle 57,655 50. Lappeenranta 55,743

v t e 50 most populous municipalities in Finland

1. Helsinki 683,669 2. Espoo 319,811 3. Tampere 260,051 4. Vantaa 251,070 5. Oulu 216,174 6. Turku 205,949 7. Jyväskylä 149,263 8. Kuopio 125,597 9. Lahti 121,447 10. Pori 83,375 11. Joensuu 78,764 12. Kouvola 78,514 13. Lappeenranta 73,481 14. Vaasa 70,382 15. Hämeenlinna 68,421 16. Seinäjoki 66,556 17. Rovaniemi 65,673 18. Mikkeli 51,960 19. Porvoo 51,698 20. Salo 50,890 21. Kotka 50,336 22. Kokkola 48,372 23. Hyvinkää 47,041 24. Järvenpää 46,795 25. Lohja 45,670 26. Nurmijärvi 44,991 27. Tuusula 42,112 28. Kirkkonummi 41,610 29. Rauma 38,957 30. Kerava 38,444 31. Kaarina 36,538 32. Kajaani 36,517 33. Nokia 36,083 34. Kangasala 33,905 35. Ylöjärvi 33,651 36. Savonlinna 31,597 37. Vihti 28,747 38. Riihimäki 28,663 39. Raseborg 27,108 40. Raisio 25,595 41. Lempäälä 24,875 42. Imatra 24,784 43. Raahe 23,559 44. Sastamala 23,530 45. Hollola 22,834 46. Sipoo 22,789 47. Siilinjärvi 21,240 48. Pirkkala 20,996 49. Tornio 20,989 50. Mäntsälä 20,910

v t e Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics (Helsinki)
Hämeenlinna Harmaja Huopalahti Käpylä Kotka Laakso Lahti Liuskasaari Malmi shooting range Maunula Meilahti Messuhalli Olympic Stadium Pakila Ruskeasuo Equestrian Hall Swimming Stadium Taivallahti Tali Race Track Tampere Tennis Palace Töölön Pallokenttä Turku Velodrome Westend Tennis Hall

v t e Olympic venues in association football
1890s 1896 Neo Phaliron Velodrome 1900s 1900 Vélodrome de Vincennes 1904 Francis Olympic Field 1908 White City Stadium 1910s 1912 Råsunda IP, Stockholm Olympic Stadium (final), Tranebergs Idrottsplats 1920s 1920 Jules Ottenstadion, Olympisch Stadion (final), Stade Joseph Marien, Stadion Broodstraat 1924 Stade Bergeyre, Stade Yves-du-Manoir (final), Stade de Paris, Stade Pershing 1928 Monnikenhuize, Olympic Stadium (final), Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel 1930s 1936 Hertha-BSC Field, Mommsenstadion, Olympiastadion (final), Poststadion 1940s 1948 Arsenal Stadium, Champion Hill, Craven Cottage, Empire Stadium (medal matches), Fratton Park, Goldstone Ground, Green Pond Road, Griffin Park, Lynn Road, Selhurst Park, White Hart Lane 1950s 1952 Kotkan urheilukeskus, Kupittaan jalkapallostadion, Lahden kisapuisto, Olympic Stadium (final), Ratina Stadion, Töölön Pallokenttä 1956 Melbourne Cricket Ground (final), Olympic Park Stadium 1960s 1960 Florence Communal Stadium, Grosseto Communal Stadium, L'Aquila Communal Stadium, Livorno Ardenza Stadium, Naples Saint Paul's Stadium, Pescara Adriatic Stadium, Stadio Flaminio (final) 1964 Komazawa Olympic Park Stadium, Mitsuzawa Football Field, Nagai Stadium, Tokyo National Stadium (final), Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium, Ōmiya Football Field, Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field 1968 Estadio Azteca (final), Estadio Cuauhtémoc, Estadio Nou Camp, Jalisco Stadium 1970s 1972 Dreiflüssestadion, ESV-Stadion, Jahnstadion, Olympiastadion (final), Rosenaustadion, Urban Stadium 1976 Lansdowne Park, Olympic Stadium (final), Sherbrooke Stadium, Varsity Stadium 1980s 1980 Dinamo Stadium, Dynamo Central Stadium – Grand Arena, Central Lenin Stadium – Grand Arena (final), Kirov Stadium, Republican Stadium 1984 Harvard Stadium, Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, Rose Bowl (final), Stanford Stadium 1988 Busan Stadium, Daegu Stadium, Daejeon Stadium, Dongdaemun Stadium, Gwangju Stadium, Olympic Stadium (final) 1990s 1992 Estadi de la Nova Creu Alta, Camp Nou (final), Estadio Luís Casanova, La Romareda, Sarrià Stadium 1996 Florida Citrus Bowl, Legion Field, Orange Bowl, RFK Memorial Stadium, Sanford Stadium (both finals) 2000s 2000 Brisbane Cricket Ground, Bruce Stadium, Hindmarsh Stadium, Melbourne Cricket Ground, Olympic Stadium (men's final), Sydney Football Stadium (women's final) 2004 Kaftanzoglio Stadium, Karaiskakis Stadium (women's final), Olympic Stadium (men's final), Pampeloponnisiako Stadium, Pankritio Stadium, Panthessaliko Stadium 2008 Beijing National Stadium (men's final), Qinhuangdao Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Shanghai Stadium, Shenyang Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium, Workers' Stadium (women's final) 2010s 2012 Coventry Arena, Hampden Park, Millennium Stadium, St James' Park, Old Trafford, Wembley Stadium (both finals) 2016 Estádio Nacional de Brasília, Arena Fonte Nova, Mineirão, Arena Corinthians, Arena da Amazônia, Estádio Olímpico João Havelange, Maracanã (both finals) 2020s 2020 International Stadium Yokohama (both finals), Kashima Soccer Stadium, Miyagi Stadium, Saitama Stadium, Sapporo Dome, Tokyo Stadium 2024 Parc des Princes (both finals), Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Stade de la Beaujoire, Stade de Nice, Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Stade Matmut Atlantique, Stade Vélodrome 2028 Rose Bowl (both finals), BMO Stadium, Levi's Stadium, PayPal Park, Stanford Stadium, California Memorial Stadium, Snapdragon Stadium 2030s 2032 Lang Park (both finals), Barlow Park, Melbourne Cricket Ground, North Queensland Stadium, Sunshine Coast Stadium, Stadium Australia, Robina Stadium

• Tampere
• Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics
• Cities and towns in Finland
• Inland port cities and towns in Finland
• Grand Duchy of Finland
• Olympic football venues
• Populated places established in 1779
• 1779 establishments in Europe
• 18th-century establishments in Finland