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| | '''Low Saxon language''' | |||
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| '''Low Saxon''' (in Low Saxon, ''Nedersaksisch'', ''Neddersassisch'', ''"Plattdüütsch"'' or ''"Nedderdüütsch"'') is any of a variety of ] ]s spoken in northern ] and the ]. | |||
| ] is the name for both the Low Saxon and the ] language. | |||
| Since ] Low Saxon has been recognised by the ] as an independent ]. Since ] Low Saxon is under protection of the ]. The ]-2 language code is '''nds''' since May 2000. The ] serves as a common intelligible language in ] and ] programmes. | |||
| Although often considered a variation of ], in many aspects it is more like ], which is based on closely related ] dialects. Low Saxon, East Low German and Low Franconian are classified together as ]. | |||
| The distinction between Low Saxon, East Low German and Low Franconian (on one side) or ] (on the other side) is not precisely defined; there are several clines that vary smoothly from one dialect to another. | |||
| The Low Saxon language has commonality with the ], the ] languages and ] in that it has not been influenced by the High German ]. Therefore a lot of Low Saxon words sound similar to their English counterparts. | |||
| For instance: ''water'' , ''later'' , ''bit'' , ''dish'' , ''ship'' , ''pull'' , ''good'' , ''clock'' , ''sail'' , ''he'' , ''storm'' . | |||
| The grammar also shows similarities to the English language. Low Saxon declination has only three cases. In the northern dialects the participle is formed without the prefix ''ge-'', like the Scandinavian languages and English, but unlike Dutch and German. The syntax on the other hand is more like German syntax, though there are some differences. | |||
| It should be noted that ''e-'' is used instead of ''ge-'' in most Southern (below Groningen in the Netherlands + Westphalia) dialects, though often not when the participle ends with -en or in a few often used words like 'west' (been). | |||
| Low Saxon was once much more widespread than today, being used as a ] throughout the ], under the influence of the ]. It served as a ] in many regions of northern Germany until it was replaced for that purpose by ] (a ]) during the unification of ] under ] in ]. | |||
| A Low Saxon Misplaced Pages has recently been started at http://nds.wikipedia.org. | |||
| The Low Saxon greeting formula '']'' and its duplication '']'' gave the name for the WikiWiki MoinMoin Project http://moin.sourceforge.net/ | |||
| There are plans to create a computer vocabulary for lower German in order to translate Desktop environments such as ] and ]. | |||
| == List of dialects == | |||
| Note that divisions between subfamilies of Germanic are rarely precisely defined; most form continuous clines, with adjacent ]s being mutually intelligible and more distantly separated ones being less so. However, most Low Saxon dialects are thought to be descended from, or to have been strongly influenced by ]. | |||
| '''Dialects of Lower German in northern ]:''' | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** ] (around ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** ], or Emslandic (in western ]) | |||
| ** Brookmer Platt (in the Brookmerland and Aurich area in East Frisia) | |||
| ** Rheiderländer Platt (in East Frisia) | |||
| * ] (around ]) | |||
| ** Heide Eastphalian | |||
| ** Main Eastphalian | |||
| ** Götting-Grubenhagen | |||
| ** Elbe Eastphalian | |||
| * ] (in ]) | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** '']'' (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (nearly extinct) | |||
| ** ] (nearly extinct) | |||
| '''Dialects in the north eastern ]:''' | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** Noord-Gronings (in ]) | |||
| ** Westerwolds (in eastern Groningen) | |||
| ** Stad-Gronings/Noordenvelds (in Groningen and Northern ]) | |||
| ** Veenkoloniaals (in eastern Groningen and Drenthe) | |||
| ** Kollumerlands (a Frisian/Low Saxon mixture dialect in Groningen and ]) | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** ] (in eastern ]) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| ** ] (in Drenthe) | |||
| ** ] (in ] and ], in Fryslân and in parts of Drenthe) | |||
| ** ] (in central Overijssel, in Gelderland and in Drenthe, resp.) | |||
| ** ] (a Dutch/Low Saxon mixture dialect spoken in Gelderland) | |||
| ** ] (in ]) | |||
| '''Dialects in ] and the ]:''' | |||
| * ] (in ] communities) | |||
| This list is not complete. | |||
| See also: ]. | |||
| == The ] in Northern Low Saxon (German based spelling) == | |||
| : Unse Vadder in d'n Himmel! | |||
| : Laat hilligt waren dienen Namen. | |||
| : Laat kamen dien Riek. | |||
| : Laat waren dienen Willen so as in d'n Himmel, | |||
| : so ook op de Eerd. | |||
| : Uns' dääglich Brood giv uns vundaag. | |||
| : Un vergiv uns unse Schuld, | |||
| : as Wi de vergeven hebt, | |||
| : de an uns schüllig sünd. | |||
| : Un laat uns nich versöcht waren. | |||
| : Maak uns vrie vun dat Böse. | |||
| == The Lord's Prayer in Northern Low Saxon (Dutch based spelling) == | |||
| :(Same dialect and text used as above) | |||
| : Onze vadder in den himmel | |||
| : Laot hilligt worden dienen naomen | |||
| : Laot komen dien riek | |||
| : Laot worden dienen willen zoas in den himmel, | |||
| : zo ook op di'j eerd' | |||
| : Ons deeglig brood gif ons vóndaog. | |||
| : on vergif ons onze schuld, | |||
| : as wie di'j vergeven hebt, | |||
| : di'j an ons schullig sund. | |||
| : On laot ons nich verzöcht worden. | |||
| : Maok ons vrie vón dat beuse. | |||
| == The Lord's Prayer in Old Saxon (Heliand, 9. century D.C.) == | |||
| : Fadar ûsa firiho barno, | |||
| : thu bist an them hôhon himila rîkea, | |||
| : geuuîhid sî thîn namo uuordo gehuuilico. | |||
| : Cuma thîn craftag rîki. | |||
| : Uuerða thîn uuilleo obar thesa uuerold alla, | |||
| : sô sama an erðo, sô thar uppa ist | |||
| : an them hôhon himilo rîkea. | |||
| : Gef ûs dago gehuuilikes râd, drohtin the gôdo, | |||
| : thîna hêlaga helpa, endi alât ûs, hebenes uuard, | |||
| : managoro mênsculdio, al sô uue ôðrum mannum dôan. | |||
| : Ne lât ûs farlêdean lêða uuihti | |||
| : sô forð an iro uuilleon, sô uui uuirðige sind, | |||
| : ac help ûs uuiðar allun ubilon dâdiun. | |||
| == Resources == | |||
| There is a lot of information about the Low Saxon language to be found online. A selection of these links can be found on this page, which will provide a good frame work to understand the history, current situation and features of the language. | |||
| '''Information:''' | |||
| * An introduction article to Low Saxon; | |||
| * (kind of unprecise, but Ethnologue are not planning an update any time soon) | |||
| * , provided by the Lowlands List; | |||
| * , information in and about various Low Saxon dialects; | |||
| * All known resources in and about Low Saxon; | |||
| * , by Olaf Bordasch; | |||
| * , by Klaus-Werner Kahl. | |||
| '''Organizations:''' | |||
| * (Twente, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (Overijssel and Veluwe, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (Achterhoek, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (Ostfriesland, Germany) | |||
| * (Drenthe, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (Mennonite Low Saxon) | |||
| * (Friesland, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (General, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (General, Germany) | |||
| If your organisation isn't listed here, feel free to add it. | |||
| '''Writers:''' | |||
| * (Stellingwarfs - Friesland, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (Northern Low Saxon - Hamburg, Germany) | |||
| * (Northern Low Saxon - Hamburg, Germany) | |||
| '''Musicians:''' | |||
| * (Drents/Dutch - Drenthe, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (East frisian - Ostfriesland, Germany) | |||
| * (Gronings - Groningen, the Netherlands) | |||
| * (Veenkoloniaals - Groningen, the Netherlands) | |||
| '''Not organized links:''' | |||
| * http://www.plattmaster.de/ | |||
| * http://www.platt-online.de/ | |||
| * http://www.zfn-ratzeburg.de/ | |||
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