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| birth_name = Julie Peck | birth_name = Julie Peck
| birth_date = {{birth date|1926|9|26}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1926|9|26}}
| birth_place = ], ], U.S. | birth_place = ], California, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2000|10|18|1926|9|26}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2000|10|18|1926|9|26}}
| death_place = ], California, U.S. | death_place = ], California, U.S.
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'''Julie London''' (née '''Peck'''; September 26, 1926 – October 18, 2000) was an American singer and actress whose career spanned more than 40 years. A ] noted for her sultry, languid ] vocals, London recorded over thirty albums of pop and jazz standards between 1955 and 1969. Her recording of "]", a track she introduced on ], was inducted into the ] in 2001. In addition to her musical notice, London was nominated for a ] in 1974 for her portrayal of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series '']''. '''Julie London''' (née '''Peck'''; September 26, 1926 – October 18, 2000) was an American singer and actress whose career spanned more than 40 years. A ] noted for her sultry, languid ] vocals, London recorded over thirty albums of pop and jazz standards between 1955 and 1969. Her recording of "]", a track she introduced on ], was inducted into the ] in 2001. In addition to her musical notice, London was nominated for a ] in 1974 for her portrayal of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series '']''.


Born in ] to ] parents, London was discovered while working as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles, and began her career as an actress. London's 35-year acting career began in film in 1944, and included roles as the female lead in numerous ], co-starring with ] in '']'' (1951), with ] and ] in '']'' (1958), with ] in '']'' (1958) and opposite ] in '']'' (1959). Born in Santa Rosa, California to ] parents, London was discovered while working as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles, and she began her career as an actress. London's 35-year acting career began in film in 1944, and included roles as the female lead in numerous ], co-starring with ] in '']'' (1951), with ] and ] in '']'' (1958), with ] in '']'' (1958) and with ] in '']'' (1959).


In the mid-1950s, she signed a recording contract with the newly established ], marking the beginning of her professional musical career. She released her final studio album in 1969, but achieved continuing success playing the female starring role of nurse Dixie McCall, in the television series ''Emergency!'' (1972–1979), in which she appeared opposite her real-life husband, ]. The show was produced by her ex-husband, ]. In the mid-1950s, she signed a recording contract with ], marking the beginning of her professional musical career. She released her final studio album in 1969, but achieved continuing success playing the female starring role of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series '']'' (1972–1979), in which she with her husband ]. The show was produced by her ex-husband ].


A shy and introverted woman, London rarely granted interviews, and spent the remainder of her life out of the public sphere. In 1995, she suffered a ], which left her with permanent health problems. In 1999, she was diagnosed with ], but forewent treatment due to her already compromised physical state. She died of ] the following year in Los Angeles, aged 74. A shy and introverted woman, London rarely granted interviews, and spent the remainder of her life out of the public sphere. In 1995, she suffered a stroke, which left her with permanent health problems. In 1999, she was diagnosed with [ung cancer, but foregoed treatment due to her compromised physical state. She died of cardiac arrest the following year in Los Angeles, aged 74.


==Early life== ==Early life==
London was born Julie Peck{{efn|Though some sources list her birth name as Nancy Peck or Nancy Gayle,{{sfn|Hal Leonard Corporation|2007|p=20}}{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=1}} the ] corroborates her birth name as being Julie, listing the birth of Julie Peck on September 26, 1926, in Sonoma County, California, to a Mrs. Taylor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/julie_peck_born_1926_1060274|work=]|title=The Birth of Julie Peck|access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> Searches with the California Birth Index for a "Nancy Peck" or "Nancy Gayle" do not return any results for her birth year of 1926. A ''Time'' magazine profile<ref name="Time">{{Cite journal|title=LIFE|date=February 24, 1947|publisher=Time Inc|pages=87–|issn=0024-3019}}</ref> as well as her obituaries in both ''The Guardian'' and ''The New York Times'' confirm this.<ref>{{cite web|work=The Guardian|title=Obituary: Julie London|access-date=December 30, 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/oct/20/guardianobituaries.filmnews1|author=Bergan, Ronald|date=October 20, 2000}}</ref>}} on September 26, 1926 in ], the only child of Josephine Rosalie Peck (née Taylor; 1905 – 1976) and Jack Peck (1901–1977), who were a ] song-and-dance team.{{sfn|Summerfield|2008|p=43}} At one time, her mother worked in a pharmacy. In 1929, when she was three years old, the family moved to ], where she made her professional singing debut on her parents' radio program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/person/julie-london?filter-options=tv|title=Julie London Profile|website=Metacritic|access-date=December 15, 2012}}</ref> London was born Julie Peck{{efn|Though some sources list her birth name as Nancy Peck or Nancy Gayle,{{sfn|Hal Leonard Corporation|2007|p=20}}{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=1}} the ] corroborates her birth name as being Julie, listing the birth of Julie Peck on September 26, 1926 in Sonoma County, California, to a Mrs. Taylor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/julie_peck_born_1926_1060274|work=]|title=The Birth of Julie Peck|access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> Searches with the California Birth Index for a "Nancy Peck" or "Nancy Gayle" do not return any results for her birth year of 1926. A ''Time'' magazine profile<ref name="Time">{{Cite journal|title=LIFE|date=February 24, 1947|publisher=Time Inc|pages=87–|issn=0024-3019}}</ref> as well as her obituaries in both ''The Guardian'' and ''The New York Times'' confirm this.<ref>{{cite web|work=The Guardian|title=Obituary: Julie London|access-date=December 30, 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/oct/20/guardianobituaries.filmnews1|author=Bergan, Ronald|date=October 20, 2000}}</ref>}} on September 26, 1926 in Santa Rosa, California, the only child of Josephine Rosalie Peck (née Taylor; 1905 – 1976) and Jack Peck (1901–1977), who were a ] song-and-dance team.{{sfn|Summerfield|2008|p=43}} At one time, her mother worked in a pharmacy. In 1929, when she was three years old, the family moved to San Bernardino, California, where she made her professional singing debut on her parents' radio program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/person/julie-london?filter-options=tv|title=Julie London Profile|website=Metacritic|access-date=December 15, 2012}}</ref>


Throughout her early life, both London and her mother were admirers of ].<ref name=vamp/> London was described by friends and family as a shy child "without much self-confidence".{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=6}} In 1941, when she was 14, her family moved to ]. In her teen-aged years, she began to sing in local nightclubs in Los Angeles.<ref name=vamp/> She graduated from the ] in 1945, and worked as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles throughout high school.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=8}} Throughout her early life, both London and her mother were admirers of ].<ref name=vamp/> London was described by friends and family as a shy child "without much self-confidence".{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=6}} In 1941, when she was 14, her family moved to Hollywood, California. In her teen-aged years, she began to sing in local nightclubs in Los Angeles.<ref name=vamp/> She graduated from the ] in 1945 and worked as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles throughout high school.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=8}}


==Career== ==Career==
===Discovery and early film roles=== ===Discovery and early film roles===
In 1943, London met ], a talent agent and then-wife of actor ], while operating the elevator at Roos Bros., an upscale clothing store on ].{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=7–8}} Struck by London's features, Carol facilitated a screen test for the inexperienced actress, and London signed a contract with her. London subsequently met '']'' photographer Henry Waxman while working her second job as a clerk at a menswear store, and he shot photographs of her that appeared in the magazine's November 1943 issue.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=10}} These photos helped establish her as a ] prized by ]s during ].{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=11}} In 1943, London met ], a talent agent and then-wife of actor ], while operating the elevator at Roos Bros., an upscale clothing store on Hollywood Boulevard.{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=7–8}} Struck by London's features, Carol facilitated a screen test for the inexperienced actress, and London signed a contract with her. London met ''Esquire'' photographer Henry Waxman while working her second job as a clerk at a menswear store, and he shot photographs of her that appeared in the magazine's November 1943 issue.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=10}} These photos helped establish her as a ] during World War II.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=11}}


She made her film debut while still in high school, appearing under the name Julie London in the ] '']'' in 1944.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=11}} After a series of uncredited roles, she signed a contract with ], appearing in the war film '']'' (1949){{sfn|Owen|2017|p=22}} and the Western '']'' (1950).{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=23}} She was then cast in the lead role of Pat Boyd in the ]-directed ] ''The Fat Man'' (1951), opposite ] and Rock Hudson.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=26}} London completed shooting the film in August 1950.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=27}} After Warner Bros. dropped her contract,{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=23}} London was offered a contract with ] based on the role, but turned it down, opting instead to focus on her marriage to actor Jack Webb.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=27}} She made her film debut while still in high school, appearing under the name Julie London in ']'' in 1944.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=11}} After a series of uncredited roles, she signed a contract with ], appearing in the war film '']'' (1949){{sfn|Owen|2017|p=22}} and the Western '']'' (1950).{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=23}} She was cast in the lead role of Pat Boyd in the ]-directed ''The Fat Man'' (1951).{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=26}} London completed shooting the film in August 1950.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=27}} After Warner Bros. dropped her contract,{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=23}} London was offered a contract with ] based on the role, but turned it down, opting instead to focus on her marriage to actor Jack Webb.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=27}}


===Mainstream films and music=== ===Mainstream films and music===
After divorcing Webb in 1954, London resumed her career, appearing in the drama film '']'', which was filmed in May 1955 and released by ].{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=49}} Earlier in 1955, London was spotted singing at a jazz club in Los Angeles by record producer ], who was recommended to her by her friend (and future husband) Bobby Troup.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=42}} Despite her notable ], Waronker was impressed by London's vocals and delivery, and later recalled that "The lyrics poured out of her like a hurt bird."{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=42}} Waronker convinced London to pursue a recording career, and signed her with the then-newly established Liberty Records.{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=42–7}} London recorded 32 albums{{sfn|Moon|2008|p=454}} in a career that began in 1955 with a live performance at the 881 Club in Los Angeles.{{sfn|McKnight-Trontz|1999|p=77}} Her debut album, '']'', was released in December of that year after a self-titled single, and '']'' named her the most popular female vocalist for 1955, 1956, and 1957. She was the subject of a 1957 '']'' cover article in which she was quoted as saying, "It's only a thimbleful of a voice, and I have to use it close to the microphone. But it is a kind of oversmoked voice, and it automatically sounds intimate."<ref name="Inc1957">{{cite book|title=LIFE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74|date= February 18, 1957|publisher=Time Inc.|page=74|issn=0024-3019}}</ref> After divorcing Webb in 1954, London resumed her career, appearing in '']'', filmed in May 1955 and released by ].{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=49}} Earlier in 1955, London was spotted singing at a jazz club in Los Angeles by record producer ], who was recommended to her by her friend (and future husband) Bobby Troup.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=42}} Despite her notable stage fright, Waronker was impressed by London's vocals and delivery, and later recalled that "The lyrics poured out of her like a hurt bird."{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=42}} Waronker convinced London to pursue a recording career, and signed her with Liberty Records.{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=42–7}} London recorded 32 albums{{sfn|Moon|2008|p=454}} in a career that began in 1955 with a live performance at the 881 Club in Los Angeles.{{sfn|McKnight-Trontz|1999|p=77}} Her debut album '']'' was released in December of that year, and ''Billboard'' named her the most popular female vocalist for 1955, 1956, and 1957. She was the subject of a 1957 ''Life'' cover article in which she was quoted as saying "It's only a thimbleful of a voice, and I have to use it close to the microphone. But it is a kind of oversmoked voice, and it automatically sounds intimate."<ref name="Inc1957">{{cite book|title=LIFE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74|date= February 18, 1957|publisher=Time Inc.|page=74|issn=0024-3019}}</ref>


London's debut recordings (which appeared on her self-titled extended play) were completed under the New York-based ] label.{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=36, 42–50}} Four additional tracks recorded during these sessions were later included on the album ''Bethlehem's Girlfriends'', a compilation album released in 1957.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Billboard|date=April 13, 1957|page=56|title=Bethlehem Records – Just Out}}</ref> Bobby Troup was one of the session musicians on the album. London recorded the standards "Don't Worry About Me", "]", "]", and "]". London's most famous single, "Cry Me a River", was written by her ] classmate ] and produced by Troup.{{sfn|Cason|2004|p=102}} The recording became a million-seller after its release on her debut album in 1955.{{sfn|Murrells|1978|p=75}} London's debut recordings (which appeared on her self-titled extended play) were completed under the New York-based ] label.{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=36, 42–50}} Four additional tracks recorded during these sessions were later included on the album ''Bethlehem's Girlfriends'', a compilation album released in 1957.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Billboard|date=April 13, 1957|page=56|title=Bethlehem Records – Just Out}}</ref> Bobby Troup was one of the session musicians on the album. London recorded the standards "Don't Worry About Me", "]", "]", and "]". "Cry Me a River", London's most famous single, was written by her high-school classmate ] and produced by Troup.{{sfn|Cason|2004|p=102}} The recording became a million-seller after its release on her debut album in 1955.{{sfn|Murrells|1978|p=75}}


] in '']'' (1958)]] ] in '']'' (1958)]]
While her music career earned her public notice, London also continued to appear in films, with lead roles in the film noir '']'' (1956), as well as appearing as herself in the ] musical comedy '']'' (1956), in which London performs three songs, including "Cry Me a River".{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=56–58}} The film was a box-office success, and became one of the top-30 highest-grossing films of 1956.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=58}} London subsequently appeared in a television advertisement for ], singing the "Marlboro Song".{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=119, 142}} She went on to appear in several Westerns: In 1957, she appeared in '']'' playing a Southern belle harboring fugitives,{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=123}} followed by a starring role opposite ] in '']'', a Western drama in which her character, the film's only woman, is abused and humiliated by an ] ].{{sfn|Loy|2004|p=63}} The same year, she appeared as a pending bride in the Western ''Saddle the Wind'', opposite ] and ];{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=76–7}} London's performance received critical acclaim in '']''.<ref>{{cite news|work=]|author=H.H.T.|url= https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E04E0DC163DE53BBC4951DFB5668383649EDE| title='Saddle the Wind' Opens at Loew's State|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123192744/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E04E0DC163DE53BBC4951DFB5668383649EDE|archive-date=November 23, 2015|date=March 21, 1958}}</ref> She subsequently appeared in '']'' in 1959, opposite ], in which she plays a downtrodden wife of an army major.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=98}} While her music career earned her public notice, London also continued to appear in films, with lead roles in '']'' (1956), as well as appeared as herself in '']'' (1956), in which London performs three songs, including "Cry Me a River".{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=56–58}} The film was a box-office success, and became one of the top-30 highest-grossing films of 1956.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=58}} London subsequently appeared in a television advertisement for Marlboro cigarettes, singing the "Marlboro Song".{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=119, 142}} She appeared in several Westerns: In 1957, she appeared in '']'' playing a Southern belle harboring fugitives,{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=123}} followed by a starring role opposite ] in '']'', in which her character, the film's only woman, is abused and humiliated by an outlaw gang.{{sfn|Loy|2004|p=63}} The same year, she appeared as a pending bride in the Western ''Saddle the Wind'';{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=76–7}} London's performance received critical acclaim in ''The New York Times''.<ref>{{cite news|work=]|author=H.H.T.|url= https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E04E0DC163DE53BBC4951DFB5668383649EDE| title='Saddle the Wind' Opens at Loew's State|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123192744/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E04E0DC163DE53BBC4951DFB5668383649EDE|archive-date=November 23, 2015|date=March 21, 1958}}</ref> She appeared in '']'' in 1959, in which she plays a downtrodden wife of an army major.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=98}}


In 1960, London released the album '']'', which was recorded at her residence in Los Angeles.<ref name=vamp/> The same year, she released '']'', which incorporated a larger backing band in comparison to her previous releases.<ref>{{cite web|work=AllMusic|title=Around Midnight – Julie London|author=Johnson, Zac|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/around-midnight-mw0000765818|access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> She continued to release numerous albums on Liberty Records throughout the 1960s, including '']'' (1961), '']'' (1962), '']'' (1963), and '']'' (1965), the latter a collection of songs by ].{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=241–44}} In 1960, London released the album '']'', which was recorded at her residence in Los Angeles.<ref name=vamp/> The same year, she released '']'', which incorporated a larger backing band in comparison to her previous releases.<ref>{{cite web|work=AllMusic|title=Around Midnight – Julie London|author=Johnson, Zac|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/around-midnight-mw0000765818|access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> She released numerous albums on Liberty Records throughout the 1960s, including '']'' (1961), '']'' (1962), '']'' (1963), and '']'' (1965), the latter a collection of songs by ].{{sfn|Owen|2017|pages=241–44}}


===Television work and final recordings=== ===Television work and final recordings===
London appeared on numerous television series in the 1960s, including guest appearances on '']'' (1960),{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=109}} '']'' (1960),{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=109}} '']'' (1965),{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=295}} and '']'' (1968).{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=252}} She and second husband Bobby Troup also frequently appeared as ]s on the game shows '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others, in the 1970s.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=211}} On May 28, 1964, Troup and she recorded a one-hour program for Japanese television in Japan.<ref name=TJLTS>{{cite web|url=http://www.julielondon.org/J/The_Julie_London_Show.html|title= The Julie Jones Television Show Videos|publisher= JulieLondon.org| access-date= May 5, 2013}}</ref> London sang 13 of her classic songs, including "Bye Bye Blackbird", "Lonesome Road", and "Cry Me a River".<ref name=TJLTS/> She continued to release studio albums until the end of the decade, with her final studio album being '']'' (1969), a collection of contemporary covers of tracks by ], ], ], ], and others.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=243}} After this, London stopped singing professionally, as she had lost significant vocal control due to years of ] and drinking.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=200}} London appeared on numerous television series in the 1960s, including guest appearances on '']'' (1960),{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=109}} '']'' (1960),{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=109}} '']'' (1965),{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=295}} and '']'' (1968).{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=252}} She and second husband Bobby Troup frequently appeared as panelists on the game shows '']'', '']'', and '']'' in the 1970s.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=211}} On May 28, 1964, Troup and she recorded a one-hour program for Japanese television in Japan.<ref name=TJLTS>{{cite web|url=http://www.julielondon.org/J/The_Julie_London_Show.html|title= The Julie Jones Television Show Videos|publisher= JulieLondon.org| access-date= May 5, 2013}}</ref> London sang 13 of her classic songs, including "Bye Bye Blackbird", "Lonesome Road", and "Cry Me a River".<ref name=TJLTS/> She released studio albums until the end of the decade, and her final studio album was '']'' (1969), a collection of contemporary songs.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=243}} After this, London stopped singing professionally, as she had lost significant vocal control due to years of smoking and drinking.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=200}}


===''Emergency!''=== ===''Emergency!''===
] in character in season one of '']'']] ] in character in season one of '']'']]
London remained close with ex-husband Jack Webb, and in 1972, he cast her and Troup in his television series '']'', of which he was ]. London played Rampart General Hospital's chief emergency-room nurse, Dixie McCall, while Troup was cast as emergency-room physician Dr. Joe Early. They also appeared in the same roles in an episode of the Webb-produced series '']''.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=204}} The on-screen friendship among London, Troup, ], and ], who played paramedics Johnny Gage and Roy DeSoto, carried over into real life. London and Troup maintained their friendship with Mantooth and Tighe after the series ended.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starpulse.com/Actors/Mantooth,_Randolph/Biography/ |title=Randolph Mantooth Biography |publisher=Starpulse.com |date=September 19, 1945 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> London remained close with ex-husband Jack Webb, and in 1972, he cast her and Troup in his television series '']'', of which he was executive producer. London played Dixie McCall, and Troup was cast as emergency-room physician Dr. Joe Early. They appeared in the same roles in an episode of the Webb-produced series '']''.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=204}}


In 1977, after a six-year run of 128 episodes, ''Emergency!'' was cancelled, despite good ratings. London, the only actress to appear in every episode of the series, was invited back for two of the four subsequent TV movie specials, before the show finally ended in 1979. During this time, London appeared in television advertisements for Rose Milk Skin Care Cream.<ref>{{cite book|title=Marketing Planning and Strategy|author=Jain, Subhash J.|year=1985|publisher=South-Western Publishing Company|page=517}}</ref> Later, Webb offered London a position as executive producer of future television projects, but she chose to retire from the television industry work to spend more time with her family. She completed her last musical recording, "]", for the soundtrack of the Burt Reynolds film, '']'', in 1981.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=248}} In 1977, after a six-year run of 128 episodes, ''Emergency!'' was cancelled despite good ratings. London, the only actress to appear in every episode of the series, was invited back for two of the four TV movie specials, and the show ended in 1979. During this time, London appeared in television advertisements for Rose Milk Skin Care Cream.<ref>{{cite book|title=Marketing Planning and Strategy|author=Jain, Subhash J.|year=1985|publisher=South-Western Publishing Company|page=517}}</ref> Later, Webb offered London a position as executive producer of future television projects, but she chose to retire from the television industry work to spend more time with her family. She completed "]", her last musical recording, for the soundtrack of the Burt Reynolds film '']'' in 1981.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=248}}


==Artistry== ==Artistry==
Predominantly a ],<ref name=vamp/> London possessed a ] vocal range,<ref>{{cite web|work=Our Pastimes|url=https://ourpastimes.com/what-is-a-true-contralto-12235249.html|author=Haywood, Ebony|title=What is a true contralto?|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180121204111/https://ourpastimes.com/what-is-a-true-contralto-12235249.html|archive-date=January 21, 2018|url-status=live|publisher=Leaf Group Ltd.|access-date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> described by critics as both "sultry"<ref name=Inc1957/> and "low-keyed".<ref>{{cite news|author=Scott, John L.|title=Julie Gives Her Fans an Earful|work= Los Angeles Times|date=February 16, 1967}}</ref> Her recordings were often noted by critics for being "intimate",<ref name=vamp/>{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=168}} typically featuring sparse guitar and bass arrangements.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=173}} A ] ''Legends'' episode noted: "Some singers sing as though they are addressing a crowd; some sing as though they are in a bar with a lot of people— sings as though she's in one room, with you—and that's the difference."<ref name=vamp/> Predominantly a ],<ref name=vamp/> London possessed a ] vocal range,<ref>{{cite web|work=Our Pastimes|url=https://ourpastimes.com/what-is-a-true-contralto-12235249.html|author=Haywood, Ebony|title=What is a true contralto?|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180121204111/https://ourpastimes.com/what-is-a-true-contralto-12235249.html|archive-date=January 21, 2018|url-status=live|publisher=Leaf Group Ltd.|access-date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> described by critics as both "sultry"<ref name=Inc1957/> and "low-keyed".<ref>{{cite news|author=Scott, John L.|title=Julie Gives Her Fans an Earful|work= Los Angeles Times|date=February 16, 1967}}</ref> Her recordings were often noted by critics for being "intimate",<ref name=vamp/>{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=168}} typically featuring sparse guitar and bass arrangements.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=173}} A BBC ''Legends'' episode noted: "Some singers sing as though they are addressing a crowd; some sing as though they are in a bar with a lot of people— sings as though she's in one room, with you—and that's the difference."<ref name=vamp/>


Music journalist ] said of London: " the mid-'50s... pop in a period of transition from big band swing to small jazz combos; you've got rock'n'roll, you've got ]—and she managed to incorporate all those influences and feed that into her music. She was very much of her time."<ref name=vamp/> As her career progressed into the 1960s, London's recordings incorporated more elaborate instrumentation, with her vocals backed by larger ensembles.{{sfn|Moon|2008|p=454}} Music journalist ] stated: " the mid-'50s...pop in a period of transition from big band swing to small jazz combos; you've got rock'n'roll, you've got ]—and she managed to incorporate all those influences and feed that into her music. She was very much of her time."<ref name=vamp/> As her career progressed into the 1960s, London's recordings incorporated more elaborate instrumentation, with her vocals backed by larger ensembles.{{sfn|Moon|2008|p=454}}


==Personal life== ==Personal life==
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==Death== ==Death==
London was a ] from the age of 16, and at times smoked in excess of three packs of cigarettes per day.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=223}} She suffered a ] in 1995 and remained in poor health for the following five years. In late 1999, she was diagnosed with ], but forewent treatment due to her already weakened physical state.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=227}} On October 17, 2000, London was rushed from her home to the ] after choking and struggling to breathe.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=227}} She died in the hospital in the early morning hours of October 18, of what was later determined to be ], aged 74.<ref>{{cite web|work=E! News|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/40615/emergency-star-julie-london-dies|date=October 18, 2000|title=Emergency! Star Julie London Dies|access-date=January 22, 2018|author=Errico, Marcus}}</ref><ref name=martin>{{cite web |url=http://theater.nytimes.com/2000/10/19/national/19LOND.html |title=Julie London, Sultry Singer and Actress of 50's, Dies at 74 |last=Martin |first=Douglas |newspaper=] |date=October 19, 2000 |access-date= January 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= A small voice to make a big stir: Julie London gets back to movies |work=] |date=February 18, 1957 |pages=74–78 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article989419.ece |title=Julie London |work=The Times |date= October 19, 2000 |access-date= October 25, 2009}}</ref> London was a chain smoker from the age of 16, and at times, smoked in excess of three packs of cigarettes per day.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=223}} She suffered a ] in 1995 and remained in poor health for the following five years. In late 1999, she was diagnosed with lung cancer, but forewent treatment due to her weakened physical state.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=227}} On October 17, 2000, London was rushed from her home to the Encino-Tarzana Regional Medical Center after choking and struggling to breathe.{{sfn|Owen|2017|p=227}} She died in the hospital in the early morning hours of October 18, and later it was determined to be cardiac arrest; she was 74.<ref>{{cite web|work=E! News|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/40615/emergency-star-julie-london-dies|date=October 18, 2000|title=Emergency! Star Julie London Dies|access-date=January 22, 2018|author=Errico, Marcus}}</ref><ref name=martin>{{cite web |url=http://theater.nytimes.com/2000/10/19/national/19LOND.html |title=Julie London, Sultry Singer and Actress of 50's, Dies at 74 |last=Martin |first=Douglas |newspaper=] |date=October 19, 2000 |access-date= January 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= A small voice to make a big stir: Julie London gets back to movies |work=] |date=February 18, 1957 |pages=74–78 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article989419.ece |title=Julie London |work=The Times |date= October 19, 2000 |access-date= October 25, 2009}}</ref>


London was cremated and buried next to Troup in the Courts of Remembrance Columbarium of Providence, at ] in Los Angeles.<ref>For the original niche, see {{Find a Grave|13119}}. See: {{Find a Grave|8598012}}.</ref> Her star on the ] (for recording) is at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles. London was cremated and buried next to Troup in the Courts of Remembrance Columbarium of Providence, at ] in Los Angeles.<ref>For the original niche, see {{Find a Grave|13119}}. See: {{Find a Grave|8598012}}.</ref> Her star on the ] (for recording) is at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.


==Legacy== ==Legacy==
London performed "Cry Me a River" in the film '']'' (1956), and her recording gained later attention for its use in the films '']'' (2000) and ] (2006).<ref name=vamp/> The track was ranked number 48 in ]'s list of the 50 Greatest Jazz Vocals of all time,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/01/30/170656489/the-mix-50-great-jazz-vocals|title=The Mix: 50 Great Jazz Vocals|author=Cohn, Joey|work=National Public Radio|date=February 5, 2013|access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> and was inducted into the ] in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame|publisher=]s|title=Grammy Hall of Fame|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200823115010/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame|url-status=live|access-date=November 27, 2020}}</ref> London performed "Cry Me a River" in the film '']'' (1956), and her recording gained later attention for its use in the films '']'' (2000) and ] (2006).<ref name=vamp/> The track was ranked number 48 in ]'s list of the 50 Greatest Jazz Vocals,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/01/30/170656489/the-mix-50-great-jazz-vocals|title=The Mix: 50 Great Jazz Vocals|author=Cohn, Joey|work=National Public Radio|date=February 5, 2013|access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> and was inducted into the ] in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame|publisher=]s|title=Grammy Hall of Fame|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200823115010/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame|url-status=live|access-date=November 27, 2020}}</ref>


Her albums ''Julie...At Home'' and ''Around Midnight'' (both released in 1960) were both included in the book ''1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die''.{{sfn|Moon|2008|p=454}} She has been named as an influence by several contemporary artists, including ].<ref>{{cite web|work=]|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/6784901/billboard-women-in-music-trailblazer-lana-del-rey-pop-inspirations|title=Billboard Women in Music 'Trailblazer' Lana Del Rey: 'There's Not Such a Narrow Lane for 'Pop'|date=December 3, 2015|author=Dodero, Camille|access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> Music journalist Will Friedwald referred to London as "one of the most influential stylists of the early 20th century."{{sfn|Friedwald|2008|p=300}} London also inspired a tribute from ] and ] as part of their music video version of "]" shortly after her passing. Her albums ''Julie...At Home'' and ''Around Midnight'' (both released in 1960) were both included in the book ''1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die''.{{sfn|Moon|2008|p=454}} She has been named as an influence by several contemporary artists, including ].<ref>{{cite web|work=]|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/6784901/billboard-women-in-music-trailblazer-lana-del-rey-pop-inspirations|title=Billboard Women in Music 'Trailblazer' Lana Del Rey: 'There's Not Such a Narrow Lane for 'Pop'|date=December 3, 2015|author=Dodero, Camille|access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> Music journalist Will Friedwald referred to London as "one of the most influential stylists of the early 20th century."{{sfn|Friedwald|2008|p=300}} London also inspired a tribute from ] and ] as part of their music video version of "]" shortly after her passing.


Her cover of the Ohio Express song "]" was featured on the ] television series '']'' and appears on its ]. London's "Must Be Catchin' " was also featured in the 2011 premiere episode of the ABC series '']''. Her cover of the Ohio Express song "]" was featured on the television series '']'' and appears on its soundtrack album. London's "Must Be Catchin' " was featured in the 2011 premiere episode of the series '']''.


== Discography == == Discography ==

Revision as of 17:36, 10 June 2021

American actress and singer (1926–2000) For the 1964 album, see Julie London (album).

Julie London
London in 1948
BornJulie Peck
(1926-09-26)September 26, 1926
Santa Rosa, California, U.S.
DiedOctober 18, 2000(2000-10-18) (aged 74)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park
Occupations
  • Singer
  • actress
  • pin-up model
Years active1944–1981
Spouse(s) Jack Webb ​ ​(m. 1947; div. 1954)​
Bobby Troup ​ ​(m. 1959; died 1999)​
Children5
Musical career
Genres
Labels
Musical artist

Julie London (née Peck; September 26, 1926 – October 18, 2000) was an American singer and actress whose career spanned more than 40 years. A torch singer noted for her sultry, languid contralto vocals, London recorded over thirty albums of pop and jazz standards between 1955 and 1969. Her recording of "Cry Me a River", a track she introduced on her debut album, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. In addition to her musical notice, London was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1974 for her portrayal of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series Emergency!.

Born in Santa Rosa, California to vaudevillian parents, London was discovered while working as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles, and she began her career as an actress. London's 35-year acting career began in film in 1944, and included roles as the female lead in numerous westerns, co-starring with Rock Hudson in The Fat Man (1951), with Robert Taylor and John Cassavetes in Saddle the Wind (1958), with Gary Cooper in Man of the West (1958) and with Robert Mitchum in The Wonderful Country (1959).

In the mid-1950s, she signed a recording contract with Liberty Records, marking the beginning of her professional musical career. She released her final studio album in 1969, but achieved continuing success playing the female starring role of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series Emergency! (1972–1979), in which she with her husband Bobby Troup. The show was produced by her ex-husband Jack Webb.

A shy and introverted woman, London rarely granted interviews, and spent the remainder of her life out of the public sphere. In 1995, she suffered a stroke, which left her with permanent health problems. In 1999, she was diagnosed with [ung cancer, but foregoed treatment due to her compromised physical state. She died of cardiac arrest the following year in Los Angeles, aged 74.

Early life

London was born Julie Peck on September 26, 1926 in Santa Rosa, California, the only child of Josephine Rosalie Peck (née Taylor; 1905 – 1976) and Jack Peck (1901–1977), who were a vaudeville song-and-dance team. At one time, her mother worked in a pharmacy. In 1929, when she was three years old, the family moved to San Bernardino, California, where she made her professional singing debut on her parents' radio program.

Throughout her early life, both London and her mother were admirers of Billie Holiday. London was described by friends and family as a shy child "without much self-confidence". In 1941, when she was 14, her family moved to Hollywood, California. In her teen-aged years, she began to sing in local nightclubs in Los Angeles. She graduated from the Hollywood Professional School in 1945 and worked as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles throughout high school.

Career

Discovery and early film roles

In 1943, London met Sue Carol, a talent agent and then-wife of actor Alan Ladd, while operating the elevator at Roos Bros., an upscale clothing store on Hollywood Boulevard. Struck by London's features, Carol facilitated a screen test for the inexperienced actress, and London signed a contract with her. London met Esquire photographer Henry Waxman while working her second job as a clerk at a menswear store, and he shot photographs of her that appeared in the magazine's November 1943 issue. These photos helped establish her as a pin-up girl during World War II.

She made her film debut while still in high school, appearing under the name Julie London in 'Nabonga in 1944. After a series of uncredited roles, she signed a contract with Warner Bros. Pictures, appearing in the war film Task Force (1949) and the Western Return of the Frontiersman (1950). She was cast in the lead role of Pat Boyd in the William Castle-directed The Fat Man (1951). London completed shooting the film in August 1950. After Warner Bros. dropped her contract, London was offered a contract with Universal Pictures based on the role, but turned it down, opting instead to focus on her marriage to actor Jack Webb.

Mainstream films and music

After divorcing Webb in 1954, London resumed her career, appearing in The Fighting Chance, filmed in May 1955 and released by 20th Century Fox. Earlier in 1955, London was spotted singing at a jazz club in Los Angeles by record producer Simon Waronker, who was recommended to her by her friend (and future husband) Bobby Troup. Despite her notable stage fright, Waronker was impressed by London's vocals and delivery, and later recalled that "The lyrics poured out of her like a hurt bird." Waronker convinced London to pursue a recording career, and signed her with Liberty Records. London recorded 32 albums in a career that began in 1955 with a live performance at the 881 Club in Los Angeles. Her debut album Julie Is Her Name was released in December of that year, and Billboard named her the most popular female vocalist for 1955, 1956, and 1957. She was the subject of a 1957 Life cover article in which she was quoted as saying "It's only a thimbleful of a voice, and I have to use it close to the microphone. But it is a kind of oversmoked voice, and it automatically sounds intimate."

London's debut recordings (which appeared on her self-titled extended play) were completed under the New York-based Bethlehem Records label. Four additional tracks recorded during these sessions were later included on the album Bethlehem's Girlfriends, a compilation album released in 1957. Bobby Troup was one of the session musicians on the album. London recorded the standards "Don't Worry About Me", "Motherless Child", "A Foggy Day", and "You're Blasé". "Cry Me a River", London's most famous single, was written by her high-school classmate Arthur Hamilton and produced by Troup. The recording became a million-seller after its release on her debut album in 1955.

London with John Cassavetes in Saddle the Wind (1958)

While her music career earned her public notice, London also continued to appear in films, with lead roles in Crime Against Joe (1956), as well as appeared as herself in The Girl Can't Help It (1956), in which London performs three songs, including "Cry Me a River". The film was a box-office success, and became one of the top-30 highest-grossing films of 1956. London subsequently appeared in a television advertisement for Marlboro cigarettes, singing the "Marlboro Song". She appeared in several Westerns: In 1957, she appeared in Drango playing a Southern belle harboring fugitives, followed by a starring role opposite Gary Cooper in Man of the West, in which her character, the film's only woman, is abused and humiliated by an outlaw gang. The same year, she appeared as a pending bride in the Western Saddle the Wind; London's performance received critical acclaim in The New York Times. She appeared in The Wonderful Country in 1959, in which she plays a downtrodden wife of an army major.

In 1960, London released the album Julie...At Home, which was recorded at her residence in Los Angeles. The same year, she released Around Midnight, which incorporated a larger backing band in comparison to her previous releases. She released numerous albums on Liberty Records throughout the 1960s, including Whatever Julie Wants (1961), Love Letters (1962), The End of the World (1963), and All Through the Night (1965), the latter a collection of songs by Cole Porter.

Television work and final recordings

London appeared on numerous television series in the 1960s, including guest appearances on Rawhide (1960), Laramie (1960), I Spy (1965), and The Big Valley (1968). She and second husband Bobby Troup frequently appeared as panelists on the game shows Tattletales, Hollywood Squares, and Masquerade Party in the 1970s. On May 28, 1964, Troup and she recorded a one-hour program for Japanese television in Japan. London sang 13 of her classic songs, including "Bye Bye Blackbird", "Lonesome Road", and "Cry Me a River". She released studio albums until the end of the decade, and her final studio album was Yummy, Yummy, Yummy (1969), a collection of contemporary songs. After this, London stopped singing professionally, as she had lost significant vocal control due to years of smoking and drinking.

Emergency!

London and second husband Bobby Troup in character in season one of Emergency!

London remained close with ex-husband Jack Webb, and in 1972, he cast her and Troup in his television series Emergency!, of which he was executive producer. London played Dixie McCall, and Troup was cast as emergency-room physician Dr. Joe Early. They appeared in the same roles in an episode of the Webb-produced series Adam-12.

In 1977, after a six-year run of 128 episodes, Emergency! was cancelled despite good ratings. London, the only actress to appear in every episode of the series, was invited back for two of the four TV movie specials, and the show ended in 1979. During this time, London appeared in television advertisements for Rose Milk Skin Care Cream. Later, Webb offered London a position as executive producer of future television projects, but she chose to retire from the television industry work to spend more time with her family. She completed "My Funny Valentine", her last musical recording, for the soundtrack of the Burt Reynolds film Sharky's Machine in 1981.

Artistry

Predominantly a torch singer, London possessed a contralto vocal range, described by critics as both "sultry" and "low-keyed". Her recordings were often noted by critics for being "intimate", typically featuring sparse guitar and bass arrangements. A BBC Legends episode noted: "Some singers sing as though they are addressing a crowd; some sing as though they are in a bar with a lot of people— sings as though she's in one room, with you—and that's the difference."

Music journalist Lucy O'Brien stated: " the mid-'50s...pop in a period of transition from big band swing to small jazz combos; you've got rock'n'roll, you've got R&B—and she managed to incorporate all those influences and feed that into her music. She was very much of her time." As her career progressed into the 1960s, London's recordings incorporated more elaborate instrumentation, with her vocals backed by larger ensembles.

Personal life

Julie and Jack Webb with Stacey and Lisa, 1953

In 1947, London married actor/producer Jack Webb. Their relationship was based partly on their common love of jazz. They had two daughters, Stacy and Lisa. London and Webb divorced in 1954. Webb died December 23, 1982. Stacy Webb died in a traffic accident in 1996, one day after her mother's 70th birthday.

In 1959, London married jazz composer and musician Bobby Troup, and they remained married until his death in 1999. They had one daughter, Kelly Troup (died 2002), and twin sons, Jody (died 2010) and Reese Troup. London was the stepmother of Cynthia and Ronne Troup, Troup's daughters by his first marriage (to Cynthia Hare).

Withdrawn and introverted despite her public persona, London rarely granted media interviews and never discussed the breakup of her marriage to Webb.

Death

London was a chain smoker from the age of 16, and at times, smoked in excess of three packs of cigarettes per day. She suffered a stroke in 1995 and remained in poor health for the following five years. In late 1999, she was diagnosed with lung cancer, but forewent treatment due to her weakened physical state. On October 17, 2000, London was rushed from her home to the Encino-Tarzana Regional Medical Center after choking and struggling to breathe. She died in the hospital in the early morning hours of October 18, and later it was determined to be cardiac arrest; she was 74.

London was cremated and buried next to Troup in the Courts of Remembrance Columbarium of Providence, at Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. Her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (for recording) is at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.

Legacy

London performed "Cry Me a River" in the film The Girl Can't Help It (1956), and her recording gained later attention for its use in the films Passion of Mind (2000) and V for Vendetta (2006). The track was ranked number 48 in NPR's list of the 50 Greatest Jazz Vocals, and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001.

Her albums Julie...At Home and Around Midnight (both released in 1960) were both included in the book 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die. She has been named as an influence by several contemporary artists, including Lana Del Rey. Music journalist Will Friedwald referred to London as "one of the most influential stylists of the early 20th century." London also inspired a tribute from Jools Holland and Jamiroquai as part of their music video version of "I'm in the Mood for Love" shortly after her passing.

Her cover of the Ohio Express song "Yummy Yummy Yummy" was featured on the television series Six Feet Under and appears on its soundtrack album. London's "Must Be Catchin' " was featured in the 2011 premiere episode of the series Pan Am.

Discography

Main article: Julie London discography

Filmography

Main article: Julie London filmography

See also

Portals:

Notes

  1. Though some sources list her birth name as Nancy Peck or Nancy Gayle, the California Birth Index corroborates her birth name as being Julie, listing the birth of Julie Peck on September 26, 1926 in Sonoma County, California, to a Mrs. Taylor. Searches with the California Birth Index for a "Nancy Peck" or "Nancy Gayle" do not return any results for her birth year of 1926. A Time magazine profile as well as her obituaries in both The Guardian and The New York Times confirm this.

References

  1. Hal Leonard Corporation 2007, p. 20.
  2. Owen 2017, p. 1.
  3. "The Birth of Julie Peck". California Birth Index. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  4. "LIFE". Time Inc. February 24, 1947: 87–. ISSN 0024-3019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Bergan, Ronald (October 20, 2000). "Obituary: Julie London". The Guardian. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
  6. Summerfield 2008, p. 43.
  7. "Julie London Profile". Metacritic. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  8. ^ Heaton, Lewis (dir.) (2009). "Julie London: The Lady's Not a Vamp". Legends. BBC4.
  9. Owen 2017, p. 6.
  10. Owen 2017, p. 8.
  11. Owen 2017, pp. 7–8.
  12. Owen 2017, p. 10.
  13. ^ Owen 2017, p. 11.
  14. Owen 2017, p. 22.
  15. ^ Owen 2017, p. 23.
  16. Owen 2017, p. 26.
  17. ^ Owen 2017, p. 27.
  18. Owen 2017, p. 49.
  19. ^ Owen 2017, p. 42.
  20. Owen 2017, pp. 42–7.
  21. ^ Moon 2008, p. 454.
  22. McKnight-Trontz 1999, p. 77.
  23. ^ LIFE. Time Inc. February 18, 1957. p. 74. ISSN 0024-3019.
  24. Owen 2017, pp. 36, 42–50.
  25. "Bethlehem Records – Just Out". Billboard: 56. April 13, 1957.
  26. Cason 2004, p. 102.
  27. Murrells 1978, p. 75.
  28. Owen 2017, pp. 56–58.
  29. Owen 2017, p. 58.
  30. Owen 2017, p. 119, 142.
  31. Owen 2017, p. 123.
  32. Loy 2004, p. 63.
  33. Owen 2017, pp. 76–7.
  34. H.H.T. (March 21, 1958). "'Saddle the Wind' Opens at Loew's State". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015.
  35. Owen 2017, p. 98.
  36. Johnson, Zac. "Around Midnight – Julie London". AllMusic. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  37. Owen 2017, pp. 241–44.
  38. ^ Owen 2017, p. 109.
  39. Owen 2017, p. 295.
  40. Owen 2017, p. 252.
  41. Owen 2017, p. 211.
  42. ^ "The Julie Jones Television Show Videos". JulieLondon.org. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  43. Owen 2017, p. 243.
  44. Owen 2017, p. 200.
  45. Owen 2017, p. 204.
  46. Jain, Subhash J. (1985). Marketing Planning and Strategy. South-Western Publishing Company. p. 517.
  47. Owen 2017, p. 248.
  48. Haywood, Ebony. "What is a true contralto?". Our Pastimes. Leaf Group Ltd. Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  49. Scott, John L. (February 16, 1967). "Julie Gives Her Fans an Earful". Los Angeles Times.
  50. Owen 2017, p. 168.
  51. Owen 2017, p. 173.
  52. Owen 2017, p. xviii.
  53. Staggs 2003, p. 289.
  54. Owen 2017, pp. 224–25.
  55. "Julie London Biography". Musicianguide.com. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  56. "Actress-Singer Julie London Dies". ABC News.
  57. Bergan, Ronald. "Obituary: Julie London". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  58. Owen 2017, p. 223.
  59. ^ Owen 2017, p. 227.
  60. Errico, Marcus (October 18, 2000). "Emergency! Star Julie London Dies". E! News. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  61. Martin, Douglas (October 19, 2000). "Julie London, Sultry Singer and Actress of 50's, Dies at 74". The New York Times. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
  62. "A small voice to make a big stir: Julie London gets back to movies". Life. February 18, 1957. pp. 74–78.
  63. "Julie London". The Times. October 19, 2000. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
  64. For the original niche, see Julie London at Find a Grave. See: Julie London at Find a Grave.
  65. Cohn, Joey (February 5, 2013). "The Mix: 50 Great Jazz Vocals". National Public Radio. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  66. "Grammy Hall of Fame". Grammy Awards. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  67. Dodero, Camille (December 3, 2015). "Billboard Women in Music 'Trailblazer' Lana Del Rey: 'There's Not Such a Narrow Lane for 'Pop'". Billboard. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  68. Friedwald 2008, p. 300. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFriedwald2008 (help)

Sources

External links

Julie London
Discography
Categories:
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