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| {{Short description|Prison in Turkey}} | {{Short description|Prison in Turkey}} | ||
| {{Infobox prison | |||
| {{Infobox prison|name=Imralı prison|image=Imrali prison.jpg|caption=Entrance of Imrali prison|population=|image_map=Imrali location.jpg|prison_name=|opened=1935|state=]|country=]}} | |||
| |name=Imralı prison | |||
| |image=Imrali prison.jpg | |||
| ⚫ | '''İmralı prison''' is an ] high security prison on the island of ] in the ]. It is currently used as a prison for a few prisoners from the ] (PKK) and one prisoner of the ] (CKP/ML).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Öcalan'ın İmralı'dan gönderilmesini istediği 5 mahkûmun isimleri|url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/ocalanin-imralidan-gondeirlmesini-istedigi-5-mahkumun-isimleri,228194|access-date=2020-11-01|website=T24|language=Turkish}}</ref> The prison facility is guarded by the military and is also monitored over satellite imagery from space.<ref name=":1">{{Cite |
||
| |caption=Entrance of Imrali prison | |||
| |coordinates={{Coord|40|33|21|N|28|32|35|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| |population= | |||
| |image_map=Imrali location.jpg | |||
| |prison_name= | |||
| |opened=1935 | |||
| |state=] | |||
| |country=]}} | |||
| ⚫ | '''İmralı prison''' is an ] high security prison on the island of ] in the ]. It is currently used as a prison for a few prisoners from the ] (PKK) and one prisoner of the ] (CKP/ML).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Öcalan'ın İmralı'dan gönderilmesini istediği 5 mahkûmun isimleri |url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/ocalanin-imralidan-gondeirlmesini-istedigi-5-mahkumun-isimleri,228194 |access-date=2020-11-01 |website=T24 |language=Turkish}}</ref> The prison facility is guarded by the military and is also monitored over satellite imagery from space.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=17 November 2009 |title=PKK leader Ocalan gets company in prison |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2009/11/17/PKK-leader-Ocalan-gets-company-in-prison/17541258484776 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| == Location == | == Location == | ||
| The prison is located on Imrali island in the ], south of Istanbul. The island is accessible by boat from ] at the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara.<ref>{{Cite |
The prison is located on Imrali island in the ], south of Istanbul. The island is accessible by boat from ] at the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ocalan Affecting Turkish Town |url=https://apnews.com/article/676376964266334bc0a76ecc583613ef |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=AP NEWS}}</ref> | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| It was established in 1935 as a semi open prison and is a witness to several memorable moments in Turkish history.<ref name=":3">{{Cite |
It was established in 1935 as a semi open prison and is a witness to several memorable moments in Turkish history.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Morris (journalist) |date=1999-02-20 |title=Turkey makes sure its prison island is deserted for a new Kurdish inmate |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/20/kurds |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-08 |website= |publisher=] |language=en}}</ref> Following the ], ex-Prime Minister ] was imprisoned on the island.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 2020 |title=May 27: A dark military coup in Turkey |url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/may-27-a-dark-military-coup-in-turkey-36686 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-08 |website=May 27: A dark military coup in Turkey |language=en}}</ref> After the death sentences delivered at the {{Interlanguage link|Yassıada Yargılamaları|lt=Yassiada trials|tr}}, on ] island, the ex-Foreign Minster ] and ex-Finance Minister ] were both hung on the 15 September 1961 while Menderes was hung two days later.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2010-05-28 |title=Turkey's first coup still a raw nerve |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10176915 |access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref> After February 1999, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) ] was captured, the island was vacated and placed within a ].<ref name=":3" /> In November 2009, a new detention facility was inaugurated to which Öcalan and five other prisoners coming from mainland Turkey were transferred to.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2010 |title=Report to the Turkish Government |url=https://rm.coe.int/16806982e1 |url-status=live |access-date=12 June 2021 |website=]}}</ref> | ||
| == Detention conditions == | == Detention conditions == | ||
| Until 1999, the prison's inmates produced soap and some were employed as shepherds of animals.<ref name=":2">{{Cite |
Until 1999, the prison's inmates produced soap and some were employed as shepherds of animals.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=King |first=Laura |date=1 March 1999 |title=Ocalan Affecting Turkish Town |url=https://apnews.com/article/676376964266334bc0a76ecc583613ef |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=]}}</ref> After the capture of Abdullah Öcalan in February 1999, the animals as well as the prison population were transferred to mainland Turkey to make space for the security personnel and Öcalan.<ref name=":2" /> Between 1999 and 2009, he was the only inmate. In November 2009, he was joined by five other prisoners.<ref name=":1" /> The detention conditions have been controlled several times since 1999 by the ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2018 |title=Report to the Turkish Government |url=https://rm.coe.int/168079457a |url-status=live |publisher=] |page=3}}</ref> The prisoners have access to health facilities on the island<ref>"Report to the Turkish Government". ]. p.4</ref> and can interact with each other for six hours per week.<ref>"Report to the Turkish Government". ], p. 5</ref> | ||
| === Prison breaks === | === Prison breaks === | ||
| ], who was imprisoned for smuggling ] from Turkey, escaped from the island in 1975.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Romero|first=Frances|date=2011-04-26|title=Top 10 Prison Escapes - TIME|language=en-US|work=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2067565_2067566_2067516,00.html|access-date=2021-06-09|issn=0040-781X}}</ref> | ], who was imprisoned for smuggling ] from Turkey, escaped from the island in 1975.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Frances |date=2011-04-26 |title=Top 10 Prison Escapes - TIME |language=en-US |work=Time |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2067565_2067566_2067516,00.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> | ||
| In 1997, several ] who were imprisoned on the island were also able to escape.<ref name=":2" /> | In 1997, several ] who were imprisoned on the island were also able to escape.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
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| Bill Hayes's stay on and escape from Imrali prison are described in the film ] by ], which is based on Hayes's ].<ref name=":5" /> | Bill Hayes's stay on and escape from Imrali prison are described in the film ] by ], which is based on Hayes's ].<ref name=":5" /> | ||
| In the film '']'' by ], inmates are seen preparing for a visit at home.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Schultz|first=Deanne|url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=Zd2CVhbGWNAC&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=Imrali+prison+history+in+film&source=bl&ots=XmuLricmE0&sig=ACfU3U3cxqd4DFPodH0Lp1wvmypiKMT8lA&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDlJnL-53xAhUmgP0HHawSCj8Q6AEwCXoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=Imrali%20prison%20history%20in%20film&f=false|title=Filmography of World History|date=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32681-3|pages=177|language=en}}</ref> | In the film '']'' by ], inmates are seen preparing for a visit at home.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schultz |first=Deanne |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=Zd2CVhbGWNAC&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=Imrali+prison+history+in+film&source=bl&ots=XmuLricmE0&sig=ACfU3U3cxqd4DFPodH0Lp1wvmypiKMT8lA&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDlJnL-53xAhUmgP0HHawSCj8Q6AEwCXoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=Imrali%20prison%20history%20in%20film&f=false |title=Filmography of World History |date=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-32681-3 |pages=177 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| == Notable inmates == | == Notable inmates == | ||
| * ], Prime Minister of Turkey<ref name=":4" /> | * ], Prime Minister of Turkey<ref name=":4" /> | ||
| * ], Turkish president<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hudgins|first=Graven|date=18 September 1960|title=Turks hang ex-Premier Menderes|page=3|work=]}}</ref> | * ], Turkish president<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hudgins |first=Graven |date=18 September 1960 |title=Turks hang ex-Premier Menderes |page=3 |work=]}}</ref> | ||
| * Yılmaz Güney, a Kurdish film-director<ref>{{Cite web|last=Silverman|first=Reuben|date=6 September 2014|title=The Realm of the Ugly King|url=https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/31191|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Jadaliyya - جدلية|language=en}}</ref> | * Yılmaz Güney, a Kurdish film-director<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silverman |first=Reuben |date=6 September 2014 |title=The Realm of the Ugly King |url=https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/31191 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=Jadaliyya - جدلية |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| * Bill Hayes, the author of ]<ref name=":5" /> | * Bill Hayes, the author of ]<ref name=":5" /> | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
Revision as of 17:24, 20 June 2021
Prison in Turkey Entrance of Imrali prison | |
 | |
| Coordinates | 40°33′21″N 28°32′35″E / 40.55583°N 28.54306°E / 40.55583; 28.54306 |
|---|---|
| Opened | 1935 |
| State/province | Bursa Province |
| Country | Turkey |
İmralı prison is an F-Type high security prison on the island of İmralı in the Sea of Marmara. It is currently used as a prison for a few prisoners from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and one prisoner of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (CKP/ML). The prison facility is guarded by the military and is also monitored over satellite imagery from space.
Location
The prison is located on Imrali island in the Sea of Marmara, south of Istanbul. The island is accessible by boat from Mudanya at the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara.
History
It was established in 1935 as a semi open prison and is a witness to several memorable moments in Turkish history. Following the Turkish military coup in 1960, ex-Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was imprisoned on the island. After the death sentences delivered at the Yassiada trials [tr], on Yassiada island, the ex-Foreign Minster Fatin Rustu Zorlu and ex-Finance Minister Hasan Polatkan were both hung on the 15 September 1961 while Menderes was hung two days later. After February 1999, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Abdullah Öcalan was captured, the island was vacated and placed within a military zone. In November 2009, a new detention facility was inaugurated to which Öcalan and five other prisoners coming from mainland Turkey were transferred to.
Detention conditions
Until 1999, the prison's inmates produced soap and some were employed as shepherds of animals. After the capture of Abdullah Öcalan in February 1999, the animals as well as the prison population were transferred to mainland Turkey to make space for the security personnel and Öcalan. Between 1999 and 2009, he was the only inmate. In November 2009, he was joined by five other prisoners. The detention conditions have been controlled several times since 1999 by the Committee for the Prevention of Torture. The prisoners have access to health facilities on the island and can interact with each other for six hours per week.
Prison breaks
Billy Hayes, who was imprisoned for smuggling hashish from Turkey, escaped from the island in 1975.
In 1997, several Chechens who were imprisoned on the island were also able to escape.
In popular culture
Bill Hayes's stay on and escape from Imrali prison are described in the film Midnight Express by Oliver Stone, which is based on Hayes's book.
In the film Yol by Yilmaz Güney, inmates are seen preparing for a visit at home.
Notable inmates
- Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey
- Celâl Bayar, Turkish president
- Yılmaz Güney, a Kurdish film-director
- Bill Hayes, the author of Midnight Express
- Abdullah Öcalan
References
- "Öcalan'ın İmralı'dan gönderilmesini istediği 5 mahkûmun isimleri". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- ^ "PKK leader Ocalan gets company in prison". United Press International. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Ocalan Affecting Turkish Town". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- ^ Morris, Chris (1999-02-20). "Turkey makes sure its prison island is deserted for a new Kurdish inmate". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "May 27: A dark military coup in Turkey". May 27: A dark military coup in Turkey. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Turkey's first coup still a raw nerve". BBC News. 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- "Report to the Turkish Government". Council of Europe. 9 July 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ King, Laura (1 March 1999). "Ocalan Affecting Turkish Town". Associated Press. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Report to the Turkish Government". Council of Europe. 20 March 2018. p. 3.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Report to the Turkish Government". Council of Europe. p.4
- "Report to the Turkish Government". Council of Europe, p. 5
- ^ Romero, Frances (2011-04-26). "Top 10 Prison Escapes - TIME". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- Schultz, Deanne (2007). Filmography of World History. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-313-32681-3.
- Hudgins, Graven (18 September 1960). "Turks hang ex-Premier Menderes". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 3.
- Silverman, Reuben (6 September 2014). "The Realm of the Ugly King". Jadaliyya - جدلية. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)