| Revision as of 14:48, 20 August 2021 editVeritas Accuratus (talk | contribs)75 editsm →Refuting a HMS Minden myth: a leading sentence made bold← Previous edit | Revision as of 18:50, 20 August 2021 edit undoDjm-leighpark (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers24,518 edits Revert what ultimately is a good faith but ultimately disruptive set of changes to the article by what is currently a WP:SPA account.. intend to raise a Template:Disputed inline to cover this disrupte shortly.Tag: UndoNext edit → | ||
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| {{Infobox ship image | {{Infobox ship image | ||
| | Ship image = HMS Minden at the Bombardment of Algiers 1816 by Chambers (cropped).jpg | | Ship image = HMS Minden at the Bombardment of Algiers 1816 by Chambers (cropped).jpg | ||
| | Ship caption = ''The Bombardment of Algiers, 27 August 1816'', by ] (1836), portrays HMS ''Minden'' | | Ship caption = ''The Bombardment of Algiers, 27 August 1816'', by ] (1836), portrays the HMS ''Minden'' | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Infobox ship career | {{Infobox ship career | ||
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| ==Service history== | ==Service history== | ||
| ''Minden'' sailed from Bombay on 8 February 1811 on her first cruise,<ref name="pbenyon"/> under the command of Edward Wallis Hoare,<ref name="ageofnelson">{{cite web |url= http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/info.php?ref=1497 |title=HMS "MINDEN" (74) [1810] |first=Michael |last=Phillips |work=ageofnelson.org |year=2011 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> and manned by the crew of {{HMS|Russell|1764|2}}. In March she sailed from ] to take part in the ]. On 29 July two of her boats, under the command of Lieutenant ], with only 35 officers and men aboard, attacked and captured the fort covering the harbour of Marrack, to the westward of ].<ref name="ageofnelson"/> The ] with the clasp "30 July Boat Service 1811" was issued to survivors of this action in 1848. The Dutch and French forces in Java surrendered in September. ''Minden'' then sailed for the UK and escorted convoys to the East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, South America, and the coast of Africa.<ref name="pbenyon"/> | ''Minden'' sailed from Bombay on 8 February 1811 on her first cruise,<ref name="pbenyon"/> under the command of Edward Wallis Hoare,<ref name="ageofnelson">{{cite web |url= http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/info.php?ref=1497 |title=HMS "MINDEN" (74) [1810] |first=Michael |last=Phillips |work=ageofnelson.org |year=2011 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> and manned by the crew of the {{HMS|Russell|1764|2}}. In March she sailed from ] to take part in the ]. On 29 July two of her boats, under the command of Lieutenant ], with only 35 officers and men aboard, attacked and captured the fort covering the harbour of Marrack, to the westward of ].<ref name="ageofnelson"/> The ] with the clasp "30 July Boat Service 1811" was issued to survivors of this action in 1848. The Dutch and French forces in Java surrendered in September. ''Minden'' then sailed for the UK and escorted convoys to the East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, South America, and the coast of Africa.<ref name="pbenyon"/> | ||
| ''Minden'' saw service during the ] in the ].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://haysvillelibrary.wordpress.com/2009/07/31/the-star-spangled-banner/ |title=A brief excerpt from Roy & Lesley Adkins' "The War for All the Oceans: From Nelson at the Nile to Napoleon at Waterloo", concluding their discussion of the British attack upon Washington and Baltimore in the War of 1812. |work=haysvillelibrary.wordpress.com |year=2011 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> Some accounts state that ] was aboard ''Minden'' when he wrote the poem "Defense of Fort M'Henry", which became the lyrics for "]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/mal.2093800 |title=Letter from William C. Noyes to Abraham Lincoln |work=The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the ] |date=3 January 1863 |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ''Minden'' sailed from Portsmouth on 5 August 1812 arriving at Madras, India on 19 January 1813. She then became the flagship of Vice Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, Commander in Chief of the East Indies Station until his death on 24 December 1814. ''Minden'' remained in the East Indies until September 1815 when she returned to England, arriving at Portsmouth on 4 February 1816.<ref name="morethannelson.com">https://morethannelson.com/officer/sir-samuel-hood/ Hiscocks, Richard. "The Royal Navy 1776-1815 A Biographical History and Chronicle"</ref> | |||
| <ref>{{cite web |url= https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zwnsZVhHI5I&t=2m29s |title=Remarks by US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson |date=18 October 2017}}</ref> | |||
| * | |||
| *'''' | |||
| In late July 1816 ''Minden'' sailed from ], as part of an Anglo-Dutch fleet that made an ] on 27 August.<ref name="pbenyon"/> The Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Algiers" was issued to survivors of this battle in 1848. | In late July 1816 ''Minden'' sailed from ], as part of an Anglo-Dutch fleet that made an ] on 27 August.<ref name="pbenyon"/> The Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Algiers" was issued to survivors of this battle in 1848. | ||
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| In memory of the ship, two streets were named after her, ] and Minden Avenue, located behind ] of ] in ], Hong Kong. | In memory of the ship, two streets were named after her, ] and Minden Avenue, located behind ] of ] in ], Hong Kong. | ||
| == Refuting a HMS ''Minden'' myth == | |||
| The claim that HMS ''Minden'' saw service during the War of 1812 in the Chesapeake Bay and that Francis Scott Key was on ''Minden'' when he wrote the Star Spangled Banner during the bombardment of Fort McHenry is '''Incorrect''' and an '''Impossibility'''. | |||
| From January 1813 to September 1815, HMS ''Minden'' was stationed in the East Indies. During most of that time she served as the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, Commander in Chief of the East Indies Station (1812 - 1814). | |||
| Sir Samuel Hood was appointed to command the '''East Indies Station''' in July 1811. On 1 August 1811 he was promoted Vice-Admiral and took passage to India arriving at Madras in 1812 where he first took HMS ''Illustrious'' 74 as his flagship. He moved to '''HMS ''Minden'' 74''' when she arrived at Madras on 19 January 1813, having been brought out from Portsmouth by Captain Alexander Skene. The '''''Minden''''' was subsequently commanded by Captain Joseph Prior in 1813, and thereafter by Captain George Henderson (until 14 January 1815). | |||
| Samuel Hood died at Madras on 24 December 1814.<ref name="morethannelson.com"/> | |||
| Captain George Henderson "… was appointed, on the '''East India Station''' ... 20 April 1814, to the '''''Minden'' 74''', bearing the flag of his friend Sir Sam. Hood – and 14 Jan. 1815, to the ''Malacca'' 42."<ref>O’Byrne, William R. "A Naval Biographical Dictionary:Comprising the Life and Services of Every Living Officer in Her Majesty’s Navy, Vol. 1" 1849 - Publ. J. Murray | |||
| https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Naval_Biographical_Dictionary/Qm5KAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1</ref> | |||
| Lieutenant Herbert John Clifford "… was appointed to the '''East India Station''' in June 1812 … joined '''HMS ''Minden''''' 74 in July 1813." “He wrote a series of 7 letters to his friend Robert Duke between May and September 1814, whilst serving on '''HMS ''Minden''''', flagship of Sir Sam Hood, describing events and places in the '''East Indies'''. Written from Java, Sumatra, Malacca and Madras with detailed comments on the places visited." <ref>Cliford’s letters and diary are archived in the National Museum of the Royal Navy. | |||
| https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/N13946047</ref> <ref>O’Byrne, William R. "A Naval Biographical Dictionary:Comprising the Life and Services of Every Living Officer in Her Majesty’s Navy, Vol. 1" 1849 - Publ. J. Murray | |||
| https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Naval_Biographical_Dictionary/Qm5KAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1</ref> | |||
| '''There are numerous specific references (dates and places) to HMS ''Minden'' as Admiral Hood’s flagship in the East Indies station. Here is a small sampling:''' | |||
| * "In the '''summer of 1814''', '''Sir Samuel Hood''' made a voyage, in '''his majesty’s ship ''Minden''''', to the eastern parts of his station. We called first at Acheen, on the north end of the island of Sumatra, … whose capital the Admiral visited. From thence we steered over to Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales’s Island, and thence down the Straits of Malacca, entering the China Sea by the beautiful Straits of Singapore. The Admiral’s chief object was to visit '''Java''': … he preferred taking the Caramata passage … which also led him near the western shore of the immense island of Borneo." (From "Fragments of Voyages and Travels" by Capt. Basil Hall) <ref>Hall, Basil (Captain, RN) "Fragments of Voyages and Travels, Third Series, Vol. 2" - Whittaker, Treacher, & Co. London 1853 (Page 270 - Chapter 9 ''Visit to the Sultan of Pontiana in Borneo--Sir Samuel Hood'') https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b556492&view=1up&seq=286&skin=2021</ref> | |||
| * “'''' Hood had arrived at '''Semarang''' on '''H.M.S''' '''''Minden''''' (Capt. Henderson) on '''29 June 1814''' and had expressed a wish to travel extensively through Java. On 3 July, therefore, a circular had been sent round to all Residents on the island by Raffles instructing them to give the Admiral and his staff every possible assistance. Hood had travelled first to Surabaya, Madura and Besuki in the Ooshoek, returning to Semarang on 6 July." ... "After making a short visit the Banten and Anyer on the Sundra straits, he sailed on the '''''Minden''''' from '''Batavia''' on '''1 August 1814''' for '''Madras''', where he died on 24 December of that year.” - (From "The British in Java 1811-1816: A Javanese Account".) <ref>Carey,Peter (Editor). "The British in Java, 1811-1816 : a Javanese account : a text full edition, | |||
| * English synopsis, and commentary on British Library Additional Manuscript 12330 (Babad bedhah ing Ngayogyakarta)" Oxford University Press. 1992. (Page 510, note 535)</ref> | |||
| Letter written by Vice Admiral Sir Samuel Hood to Captain Henderson of '''HMS ''Minden'''''. Hood had arrvied at Government House, '''Buitenzorg''' , on '''20 July''' after a journey overland from Semarnag . The letter makes references to Raffles and was written from Government House, Buitenzorg, with Raffles in residence as Lieutenant Governor. | |||
| * “My dear Henderson, Mr Raffles has desired me to ask you and Biddulph to come out here; it would do you both good, he also asked for some of the officers and youngsters - the house, if more than two or three of them come, would probably be crowded tho' there is good accommodation.” <ref> | |||
| https://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=202100059</ref> | |||
| The Java half-yearly Almanac and Directory for 1815 lists the following two entries: | |||
| * "Arrival … '''20 July 1814''' — '''H. M. Ship ''Minden''''', Capt. Henderson, from '''Semarang''' '''' 16th July." | |||
| * “Departure ... '''1 August 1814'''—. '''H. M. Ship ''Minden''''', Capt. Henderson, for '''Madras''' ,— having on board His Excellency Vice Admiral Sir Samuel Hood.” <ref>"The Java half-yearly Almanac and Directory for 1815" https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Java_half_yearly_almanac_and_directo/5fpUAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1</ref> <ref>Arrivals and Departures (to and from Batavia) 1814-1815 (source: the Java Half-Yearly Almanac and Directory for 1815) https://sites.google.com/site/sumatraswestkust/java-almanac</ref> | |||
| On '''19 July 1814''' the '''''Minden''''' arrived at Batavia . The London Courier and Evening Gazette (28 November 1814) wrote: | |||
| * "The '''''Minden''''', 74, and a frigate, arrived at '''Batavia''' the evening before the ''Streatham'' sailed. Sir Samuel Hood, the Admiral, was on shore, and had come overland from Semarang to Batavia, to see the Island.” (The ''Streatham'' sailed on 20 July 1814.) <ref>From an article in the London Courier and Evening Gazette, Monday, 28 November 1814. Page 3, column 3 (toward bottom). On file with the British Newspaper Archive.</ref> | |||
| On Saturday, '''1 October 1814''' the '''''Minden''''' was at Madras, India where she participated in the salute of the governor, General Abercromby, who was returning to England. The Bombay Gazette (19 October 1814) wrote: | |||
| * “General Abercromby was accompanied from the Fort to the Beach by the Right Honourable the European Gentlemen at '''Madras''' … with usual Military honors. Salutes from the Fort, from Chepauk Palace, '''H. M. Ship ''Minden''''', and from the ''Asia'', announced the embarkation of the General …" <ref>From an article in the Bombay Gazette, Wednesday, 19 October 1814 (page 2, column 3) . - https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.24995/page/1/mode/2up</ref><ref>An article in the Calcutta Gazette - Thursday, 20 October 1814 (page 10, column 3) On file with the British Newspaper Archive. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results/1814-01-01/1814-12-31?retrievecountrycounts=false&sortorder=dayearly</ref> | |||
| There were hundreds of dispatches from Vice Admiral Samuel Hood to the British Admiralty (and from the Admiralty to Hood) during this period (1813-1814), with many specifying the locations and dates of HMS ''Minden'' (Hood’s flagship). | |||
| A few of them are referenced in an authoritative essay by Gordon K. Harrington (1991): <ref>Sweetman, Jack (editor in chief). "New Interpretations in Naval History: Selected Papers from the Tenth Naval History Symposium, 1991", Published 1993 Naval Institute Press - (pages 128 - 152). - Essay: Harrington, Gordon K. "The American Naval Challenge to the English East India Company during the War of 1812" </ref> —Dispatches from - “Sir Samuel Hood, Vice Admiral of the Blue, and Commander in chief of His Majesty’s Ships and Vessels employed, and to be employed, in the East Indies and Seas Adjacent" - to - "J. W. Crocker, Esquire, Admiralty (London)” --- | |||
| * "Hood to Crocker, '''HMS ''Minden'', Trincomalee''' , '''26 December 1813'''” | |||
| * "Hood to Crocker, '''HMS ''Minden'', Madras Roads''' , '''26 September 1814'''" <ref>National Library of Australia, Public Record Office. Original dispatch from Sam Hood. Upper right reads: "His Maj. Ship ''Minden'', Madras Roads 26th September 1814” | |||
| https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1415542446/view</ref> | |||
| * "Hood to Crocker, '''HMS ''Minden'', Madras Roads''' , '''19 October 1814'''" <ref>National Library of Australia, Public Record Office. Original dispatch signed: Sam Hood, Vice Admiral and Commander in Chief. Upper right reads: "His Maj. Ship ''Minden'', Madras Roads 19th Oct. 1814” | |||
| https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1415601160/view</ref> | |||
| * "Hood to Crocker, '''HMS ''Minden'', Madras Roads''' , '''18 December 1814'''” <ref>National Library of Australia, Public Record Office. Original dispatch from Sam Hood. Upper right reads: "His Maj. Ship ''Minden'', Madras Roads 18th Dec. 1814” | |||
| https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1415629389/view</ref> | |||
| It is quite clear from all the detailed historical references that HMS ''Minden'' was nowhere near North America during any of the British campaigns in the Chesapeake Bay (which took place between 23 April 1813 and 14 September 1814). All of the British ships that were present during the Battle of Baltimore and bombardment of Fort McHenry are well documented. A complete list is given in the book "The Rockets’ Red Glare” by Scott S. Sheads.<ref>Sheads, Scott S. “The Rockets' Red Glare: The Maritime Defense of Baltimore in 1814” Tidewater Publishers 1986. Pages 127-128 (Appendix III. A list if the British Naval Expeditionary Fleet during the Battle of Baltimore, September 12–14, 1814.)</ref> HMS ''Minden'' is nowhere on the list (not surprising since it was stationed on the other side of the world at the time, in the Bay of Bengal). | |||
| The story about HMS ''Minden''’s involvement in the bombardment of Fort McHenry, and Francis Scott Key being on her, apparently originated from the Wadia family (the ship's builders) in Bombay, India. The first mention of this appeared decades later in Bayard Taylor’s book “A visit to India, China, and Japan in the year 1853”, first published in 1855. (This book had many printings and was widely distributed.) <blockquote>"The Wadya family, to which my host belonged, have been for more than half a century the ship-builders of Bombay. The vicinity of the teak forests has occasioned the building of several ships of the line for the British Navy in the dockyard there. The first of these, the ''Minden'', has been in service for nearly fifty years, and her condition still attests the excellence of her construction. It was between her decks, while lying off Fort McHenry, that Francis Key wrote our 'Star-spangled Banner.’ “ | |||
| <ref>Taylor, Bayard, "A visit to India, China, and Japan in the year 1853” first published 1855 by G.P. Putnam. 1st edition 1855. Chapter 4 ''"A Nautch Among the Parsees"'' Page 60 (# 80 in scroll) | |||
| https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnbgsx&view=1up&seq=80&skin=2021</ref></blockquote> | |||
| Somehow this story caught on, got passed around, morphed into several different versions which worked their way into some history books, letters and articles, and is still being promoted today in some quarters (especially India). Even Rex Tillerson, when he was U.S. Secretary of State, in a press conference on U.S.-India partnership (given 18 October 2017) mentioned this mythical story as though it were true.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zwnsZVhHI5I&t=2m29s |title=Remarks by US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson |date=18 October 2017}} (2:28 in the video)</ref> | |||
| '''Final note:''' | |||
| The Wadia family ship-builders of Bombay (as well as their decendents) had an illustrious history and plenty to be proud of without having to rely on an apocryphal fictitious story about one of their ships. | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Revision as of 18:50, 20 August 2021
.jpg) The Bombardment of Algiers, 27 August 1816, by George Chambers (1836), portrays the HMS Minden
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 UK | |
| Name | HMS Minden |
| Ordered | 9 July 1801 |
| Builder | Wadia Group |
| Launched | 19 June 1810 |
| Honours and awards |
|
| Fate | Sold for breaking up, 1861 |
| Notes | Hulked, 1842 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Ganges-class ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 1721 bm |
| Length | 169 ft 6 in (51.66 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam | 47 ft 8+1⁄2 in (14.5 m) |
| Depth of hold | 20 ft 3 in (6.17 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament |
|
HMS Minden was a Royal Navy 74-gun Ganges-class third-rate ship of the line, launched on 19 June 1810 from Bombay, India. She was named after the German town Minden and the Battle of Minden of 1759, a decisive victory of British and Prussian forces over France in the Seven Years' War. The town is about 75 km away from Hanover, from where the House of Hanover comes—the dynasty which ruled the United Kingdom from 1714 until 1901.
Construction
Jamsetjee Bomanjee Wadia of the Wadia Group built Minden. She was launched from the Duncan Docks in Bombay, India, and was built of teak.
The Bombay Courier, 23 June 1810 wrote:
“On Tuesday last His Majesty’s Ship, the Minden built in the new docks (Bombay) by Jamsetji Bomanji Wadia was floated into the stream at high water, after the usual ceremony of breaking the bottle had been performed by the Honorable Governor Jonathan Duncan. Also In having produced the Minden, Bombay is entitled to the distinguished praise of providing the first and only British ship of the line built out of the limits of the Mother Country; and in the opinion of very competent judges, the Minden, for beauty of construction and strength of frame, may stand in competition with any man-o-war that has come out of the most celebrated Dockyards of Great Britain. For the skill of its architects, for the superiority of its timber, and for the excellence of its docks, Bombay may now claim a distinguished place among naval arsenals”.
Service history
Minden sailed from Bombay on 8 February 1811 on her first cruise, under the command of Edward Wallis Hoare, and manned by the crew of the Russell. In March she sailed from Madras to take part in the invasion of Java. On 29 July two of her boats, under the command of Lieutenant Edmund Lyons, with only 35 officers and men aboard, attacked and captured the fort covering the harbour of Marrack, to the westward of Batavia. The Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "30 July Boat Service 1811" was issued to survivors of this action in 1848. The Dutch and French forces in Java surrendered in September. Minden then sailed for the UK and escorted convoys to the East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, South America, and the coast of Africa.
Minden saw service during the War of 1812 in the Chesapeake Bay. Some accounts state that Francis Scott Key was aboard Minden when he wrote the poem "Defense of Fort M'Henry", which became the lyrics for "The Star-Spangled Banner".
In late July 1816 Minden sailed from Plymouth Sound, as part of an Anglo-Dutch fleet that made an attack on Algiers on 27 August. The Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Algiers" was issued to survivors of this battle in 1848.
Minden then sailed for the East Indies, and was reported to be at Trincomalee in 1819. In July 1830 Minden was at Plymouth. She was commissioned there on 19 March 1836 and sailed for the Tagus joining the British squadron. In 1839 she was at Malta, returning to Plymouth in early 1840.
She was at Devonport dockyard when it suffered severe damage in a large scale fire on 25 September 1840, it started in the North Dock on HMS Talavera which was completely gutted, spread to the Minden whose fire was successfully put out, and spread to nearby buildings and equipment.
A typhoon destroyed the shore-based Royal Naval Hospital at Hong Kong on 22 July 1841, and Minden was commissioned at Plymouth in December 1841 to serve as a hospital ship there. She was stationed at Hong Kong as a hospital ship from 1842 until she was replaced by HMS Alligator in 1846. Minden then served there as stores ship until sold for scrapping in August 1861.
In memory of the ship, two streets were named after her, Minden Row and Minden Avenue, located behind Signal Hill of Tsim Sha Tsui in Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Notes
- ^ Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 185.
- "How Mumbai is linked to America's most famous song". rediff.com. 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- Excerpt from The Bombay Courier
- ^ Benyon, P. (2011). "HMS Minden". pbenyon.plus.com. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Phillips, Michael (2011). "HMS "MINDEN" (74) [1810]". ageofnelson.org. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- "A brief excerpt from Roy & Lesley Adkins' "The War for All the Oceans: From Nelson at the Nile to Napoleon at Waterloo", concluding their discussion of the British attack upon Washington and Baltimore in the War of 1812". haysvillelibrary.wordpress.com. 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- "Letter from William C. Noyes to Abraham Lincoln". The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. 3 January 1863. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- "Remarks by US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson". 18 October 2017.
- "Dreadful Fire at Devonport". London: The Morning Chronicle. 25 September 1840. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ Davis, Peter (2008). "The Royal Naval Hospital, Hong Kong". pdavis.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
References
- Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.
External links
- [REDACTED] Media related to HMS Minden (ship, 1810) at Wikimedia Commons
- Photo of a scale model of Minden
- The American Connection to Minden Row (A brief history of HMS Minden)
- The Royal Naval Hospital, Hong Kong
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