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| {{distinguish|Vrezh Kirakosyan}} | {{distinguish|Vrezh Kirakosyan}} | ||
| {{Infobox militant organization | {{Infobox militant organization | ||
| |name = Vrezh | | name = Vrezh | ||
| |logo = | | logo = | ||
| |caption = | | caption = | ||
| |dates = 1989 - 1991 | | dates = 1989 - 1991 | ||
| |leader = Grayil Marukhian | | leader = Grayil Marukhian{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} | ||
| |motives = | | motives = | ||
| |area = {{Flag|Azerbaijan}} | | area = {{Flag|Azerbaijan}} | ||
| |ideology = | | ideology = | ||
| |crimes = Bus, train and subway bombings | | crimes = Bus, train and subway bombings | ||
| |attacks = ] | | attacks = ] | ||
| |allies |
| allies = | ||
| |enemies = ], ] | | enemies = ], ] | ||
| |status = | | status = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Vrezh''' ( |
The '''Vrezh''' (transl. as ''Vengeance'') was a possible underground ] movement, whose existence was never confirmed. | ||
| ] alleged that its creation was organized by the ] in 1989 to "fight ] and authorities in ] by bombing civilian targets".<ref name="Charles">{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: a quest for identity : a short history |last1=van der Leeuw |first1=Charles |year=1998 |publisher= St. Martin's Press|location= United Kingdom |isbn= 0-312-21903-2 |page=160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNoP1zphWf8C&q=August+1990+bus+Azerbaijan&pg=PA160 |access-date= 2011-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Caucasus, war and peace: the new world disorder in Caucasia |last1=Tütüncü |first1=Mehmet |year=1998 |publisher= SOTA |location=Haarlem |isbn= 90-901112-5-5 |pages=221 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Operations== | ==Operations== | ||
| The organization is believed to have operated from the Russian city of ], where it was responsible for the murder of Colonel of Russian Internal Security Forces V. Blakhotin. |
The organization is believed to have operated{{By whom|date=December 2021}} from the Russian city of ], where it was responsible for the murder of Colonel of Russian Internal Security Forces V. Blakhotin. | ||
| Allegedly, the organization was founded by an Grayil Marukhian, an anti-Soviet Armenian nationalist who was expelled from the ] in the 1980s and lived in Greece and Syria since. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| Vrezh's first act was the bombing of ]-] bus on September 16, 1989. Azerbaijani security forces arrested two of the alleged perpetrators while they had purportedly been preparing another attack at the main bus station in Ganja. | |||
| ⚫ | Both were condemned to 20 and 15 years while the "mastermind" reportedly escaped. Azerbaijan claimed that Vrezh was the party in charge for the ] bus close to Azerbaijani city of ] on August 10, 1990 and the failed attempt to bomb the Baku-] train on March 26, 1990 where the bomb was found and defused. Among other attacks believed{{By whom?|date=January 2015}} to be the work of Vrezh are the April 30 and July 31, 1991 bombings of trains moving from Moscow to Baku.<ref name="Charles" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: A Political History |last1=Bolukbasi |first1=Suha |year=2011 |publisher= I.B.Tauris |isbn= 978-1-84885-620-2 |page=116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCe_pvBZKDMC&q=August+1990+bus+Azerbaijan&pg=PA116 |access-date= 2011-10-03}}</ref> | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Vrezh}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Vrezh}} | ||
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Revision as of 02:14, 23 December 2021
Not to be confused with Vrezh Kirakosyan.| Vrezh | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Grayil Marukhian |
| Dates of operation | 1989 - 1991 |
| Active regions |  Azerbaijan |
| Major actions | Bus, train and subway bombings |
| Notable attacks | 1990 Tbilisi-Agdam bus bombing |
The Vrezh (transl. as Vengeance) was a possible underground militant movement, whose existence was never confirmed.
Azerbaijan alleged that its creation was organized by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in 1989 to "fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets".
Operations
The organization is believed to have operated from the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don, where it was responsible for the murder of Colonel of Russian Internal Security Forces V. Blakhotin.
Allegedly, the organization was founded by an Grayil Marukhian, an anti-Soviet Armenian nationalist who was expelled from the Armenian SSR in the 1980s and lived in Greece and Syria since.
Vrezh's first act was the bombing of Tbilisi-Baku bus on September 16, 1989. Azerbaijani security forces arrested two of the alleged perpetrators while they had purportedly been preparing another attack at the main bus station in Ganja.
Both were condemned to 20 and 15 years while the "mastermind" reportedly escaped. Azerbaijan claimed that Vrezh was the party in charge for the bombing of Tbilisi-Agdam bus close to Azerbaijani city of Ganja on August 10, 1990 and the failed attempt to bomb the Baku-Gazi-Magomet train on March 26, 1990 where the bomb was found and defused. Among other attacks believed to be the work of Vrezh are the April 30 and July 31, 1991 bombings of trains moving from Moscow to Baku.
See also
References
- ^ van der Leeuw, Charles (1998). Azerbaijan: a quest for identity : a short history. United Kingdom: St. Martin's Press. p. 160. ISBN 0-312-21903-2. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- Tütüncü, Mehmet (1998). Caucasus, war and peace: the new world disorder in Caucasia. Haarlem: SOTA. p. 221. ISBN 90-901112-5-5.
- Bolukbasi, Suha (2011). Azerbaijan: A Political History. I.B.Tauris. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-84885-620-2. Retrieved 2011-10-03.