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	They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> According to the ancient Greeks, the Tibareni were ].<ref>Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>		They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> According to the ancient Greeks, the Tibareni were ].<ref>Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>

	All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}		All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Rayfield \|first=Donald \|title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia \|year=2012 \|pages=19}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

Revision as of 10:58, 22 March 2022

Ancient ethnic group in modern Turkey

Tibareni occupied the country between the Chalybes and the Mosynoeci, on the east of the river Isis.

The Tibareni (Georgian: ტიბარენები, Tibarenebi; Greek: Τιβαρηνοί and Τιβαρανοί; Tubal, Thobeles in Josephus) were a people residing on the coast of ancient Pontus referred to in Herodotus, Xenophon, Strabo and other classical authors. The Tibareni were believed to be of proto-Kartvelian or Scythian origin.

History

Tibareni occupied the country between the Chalybes and the Mosynoeci, on the east of the river Isis, and the country was called Tibarenia (Template:Lang-grc). They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus, According to the ancient Greeks, the Tibareni were Scythians. Strabo describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions Cotyura as their principal town. They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner. Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points. Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.

All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (ancient Pontus), as late as in Roman times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the XIX Satrapy.

References

^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § T622.6
Nott, Josiah C, and George R Gliddon. Types of mankind. J. B. Lippincott, (1857) p.473
Israel Smith Clare (1897) Library of Universal History Volume I: Ancient Oriental Nations p.159
Rapp, S. H., & Crego, P. (2011). Languages and cultures of Eastern Christianity. Ashgate.
Morritt, R.D. (2010) Stones that Speak. EBSCO ebook academic collection. Cambridge Scholars Pub.](9781443821766) p.99
Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Georgetown University Press. p. 56.
^ Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. 2.378, 1010
Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 5.5.2.
Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s.v. Τιβαρηνία.
Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 3.94.
Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE
Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xi. p.527. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 6.4.
Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 12; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.19.
Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 7.78.
Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 7.8.25.
Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica (Historical Library). Vol. 14.30.
Dionys. Per. 767; Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. Vol. 1.2.
Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. p. 19.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tibareni". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Revision as of 15:25, 21 March 2022 editLuka imer (talk \| contribs)113 editsNo edit summaryTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit		Revision as of 10:58, 22 March 2022 edit undoLuka imer (talk \| contribs)113 editsNo edit summaryTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit →
Line 8:		Line 8:
	They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> According to the ancient Greeks, the Tibareni were ].<ref>Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>		They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus,<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|3.94}}</ref> According to the ancient Greeks, the Tibareni were ].<ref>Lorenzo D'alfonso. "Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE." 2012. p. 185. https://www.academia.edu/2951102/Tabal_an_out_group_definition_in_the_first_Millennium_BCE</ref> ] describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions ] as their principal town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo\|xi. p.527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny\|6.4}}</ref> They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner.<ref name=Scholiast/><ref name=Stephanus/><ref>Anon. ''Peripl. P. E.'' p. 12; {{cite Mela\|1.19}}</ref> Their arms consisted of wooden helmets, small shields, and short spears with long points.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus\|7.78}}</ref> Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country.<ref>{{Cite AnabasisX\|7.8.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Diodorus\|14.30}}</ref><ref>Dionys. Per. 767; {{cite Mela\|1.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Strabo\|ii. p.129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555}}</ref>

	All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}		All three tribes — Tibareni, Chalybes and Mosynoeci — still neighbored each other, along the ] coast of ] (ancient ]), as late as in ] times. Tibareni, along with the other Proto-Georgian tribes were subjugated by the ] in the 6th-5th centuries BC and were incorporated into the ].{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Rayfield \|first=Donald \|title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia \|year=2012 \|pages=19}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

v t e Kartvelians
Ethnic subgroups	Svans Zans Mingrelians Laz people
Historical subgroups	Colchians Byzeres Drilae Machelones Macrones Marres Mossynoeci Phasians Sanni Tibareni Zydretae Iberians Gugars Saspeires Diauehi/Taochoi Misimians

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