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Revision as of 12:50, 2 May 2022 editFakescientist8000 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers11,438 edits Reverted 1 pending edit by 87.58.119.203 to revision 1085712885 by Fakescientist8000 Yes there was. There was multiple reliable sources and good content that you removed.Tags: Manual revert Reverted← Previous edit Revision as of 14:16, 2 May 2022 edit undo87.58.119.203 (talk) Undid revision 1085789785 by Fakescientist8000 (talk) I didn't remove any sources. I'm moving some sentences down as their own paragraph. In what way does moving sourced text count as erasing it?Tag: UndoNext edit →
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The '''Mashriq''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْمَشْرِق}}), sometimes spelled '''Mashreq''' or '''Mashrek''', is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the ], located in ] and eastern ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=bank |first1=world |title=Economic interrogation in the mashriq |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MashreqStudypub.pdf |website=siteresources}}</ref> This includes the Arab states of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ] and ],<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mashriq GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, MIDDLE EAST|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceps.be/book/european-neighbourhood-policy-mashreq-countries-enhancing-prospects-reform |title=European Neighbourhood Policy in the Mashreq Countries: Enhancing Prospects for Reform |date=2005-09-01 |publisher=Centre for European Policy Studies |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221207/http://www.ceps.be/book/european-neighbourhood-policy-mashreq-countries-enhancing-prospects-reform |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011216/http://www.mei.edu/content/introduction-migration-and-mashreq-0 |date=February 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmvs.org/documentos/IOM_EMM/resources/IOM_MagMash.pdf |title=Migrants from the Maghreb and Mashreq Countries |publisher=IOM International Organization for Migration |date=July 2002 |access-date=2014-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202101153/http://www.rcmvs.org/documentos/IOM_EMM/resources/IOM_MagMash.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but excludes the non-Arab states of ], ] and the ], which are also members of the ]. According to sources such as the ] and the Oxford's Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, ] is included in definition,<ref>{{Citation|last=Everett-Heath|first=John|title=Mashriq|date=2018-09-20|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001/acref-9780191866326-e-10125|work=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-186632-6|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mashriq {{!}} geographical region, Middle East|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> although, it is neither an Arab State nor part of the Arab League.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League {{!}} History, Purpose, Members, & Achievements|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb ''sharaqa'' ({{lang-ar|شرق|link=no}} "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.<ref name="Shushtarī2009">{{cite book|last=Alvarez|first=Lourdes María|title=Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atDKUFnFAKMC&pg=PA157|year=2009|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-0582-3|page=157}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Peek|first1=Philip M.|last2=Yankah|first2=Kwesi|title=African Folklore: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmmUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA442|date=2003-12-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94873-3|page=442}}</ref> The '''Mashriq''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْمَشْرِق}}), sometimes spelled '''Mashreq''' or '''Mashrek''', is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the ], located in ] and eastern ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=bank |first1=world |title=Economic interrogation in the mashriq |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MashreqStudypub.pdf |website=siteresources}}</ref> Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb ''sharaqa'' ({{lang-ar|شرق|link=no}} "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.<ref name="Shushtarī2009">{{cite book|last=Alvarez|first=Lourdes María|title=Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atDKUFnFAKMC&pg=PA157|year=2009|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-0582-3|page=157}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Peek|first1=Philip M.|last2=Yankah|first2=Kwesi|title=African Folklore: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmmUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA442|date=2003-12-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94873-3|page=442}}</ref>
The region includes the Arab states of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ] and ],<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mashriq GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, MIDDLE EAST|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceps.be/book/european-neighbourhood-policy-mashreq-countries-enhancing-prospects-reform |title=European Neighbourhood Policy in the Mashreq Countries: Enhancing Prospects for Reform |date=2005-09-01 |publisher=Centre for European Policy Studies |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221207/http://www.ceps.be/book/european-neighbourhood-policy-mashreq-countries-enhancing-prospects-reform |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011216/http://www.mei.edu/content/introduction-migration-and-mashreq-0 |date=February 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmvs.org/documentos/IOM_EMM/resources/IOM_MagMash.pdf |title=Migrants from the Maghreb and Mashreq Countries |publisher=IOM International Organization for Migration |date=July 2002 |access-date=2014-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202101153/http://www.rcmvs.org/documentos/IOM_EMM/resources/IOM_MagMash.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but excludes the non-Arab states of ], ] and the ], which are also members of the ]. ] is also included in the Mashriq by some sources, such as the ] and the Oxford's Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names,<ref>{{Citation|last=Everett-Heath|first=John|title=Mashriq|date=2018-09-20|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001/acref-9780191866326-e-10125|work=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-186632-6|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mashriq {{!}} geographical region, Middle East|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> but it is neither an Arab state nor part of the Arab League, and as such its inclusion is controversial.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League {{!}} History, Purpose, Members, & Achievements|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>


==Geography== ==Geography==
As the word ''Mashriq'' refers to Arab countries located between the ] and ], it is the companion term to '']'' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْمَغْرِب}}), the western part of ]. Libya may be regarded as straddling the two regions, receiving influences from both the Maghreb and the Mashriq, with its eastern part (]) being linked more to Egypt and the Mashriq.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gall|first1=Michel Le|last2=Perkins|first2=Kenneth|title=The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGzKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|year=2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-78838-1|page=8}}</ref> As the word ''Mashriq'' refers to Arab countries located between the ] and ], it is the companion term to '']'' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْمَغْرِب}}), the western part of ]. Libya may be regarded as straddling the two regions, receiving influences from both the Maghreb and the Mashriq, with its eastern part (]) being linked more to Egypt and the Mashriq, while western parts (] and ]) are tied to the Maghreb.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gall|first1=Michel Le|last2=Perkins|first2=Kenneth|title=The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGzKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|year=2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-78838-1|page=8}}</ref>


These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the ] and ]n regions combined.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clancy-Smith|first=Julia|title=North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seH9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|date=2013-11-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-31213-8|page=98}}</ref> {{As of|2014}}, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525221856/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptInFigure/EgyptinFigures/Tables/English/pop/population/index.html |date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref><ref>UN estimate for Lebanon</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm |date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Main Statistical Indicators |url=http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en |publisher=State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=2016-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203043434/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en |archive-date=2016-12-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>UN estimate for Syria</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq |publisher=The World Bank |title=Iraq}}</ref> These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the ] and ]n regions combined.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clancy-Smith|first=Julia|title=North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seH9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|date=2013-11-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-31213-8|page=98}}</ref> {{As of|2014}}, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525221856/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptInFigure/EgyptinFigures/Tables/English/pop/population/index.html |date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref><ref>UN estimate for Lebanon</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm |date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Main Statistical Indicators |url=http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en |publisher=State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=2016-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203043434/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en |archive-date=2016-12-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>UN estimate for Syria</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq |publisher=The World Bank |title=Iraq}}</ref>

Revision as of 14:16, 2 May 2022

"Mashreq" redirects here. For the bank, see Mashreq (bank). This article is about a geographical region. For other uses, see Mashriq (disambiguation). The Eastern part of the Arab world

Mashriq
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Countries and territories

non-Arab state (broader definition):

Map depicting the area most conservatively known as the Mashriq

The Mashriq (Template:Lang-ar), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa. Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (Template:Lang-ar "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.

The region includes the Arab states of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, but excludes the non-Arab states of Somalia, Djibouti and the Comoros, which are also members of the Arab League. Israel is also included in the Mashriq by some sources, such as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Oxford's Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, but it is neither an Arab state nor part of the Arab League, and as such its inclusion is controversial.

Geography

As the word Mashriq refers to Arab countries located between the Mediterranean Sea and Iran, it is the companion term to Maghreb (Template:Lang-ar), the western part of North Africa. Libya may be regarded as straddling the two regions, receiving influences from both the Maghreb and the Mashriq, with its eastern part (Cyrenaica) being linked more to Egypt and the Mashriq, while western parts (Fezzan and Tripolitania) are tied to the Maghreb.

These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the Bilad al-Sham and Mesopotamian regions combined. As of 2014, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.

Cooperation

Map of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network

All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the Arab League (although Syria's membership is currently suspended), the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, and the United Nations. The region cooperates in several projects including the Arab Mashreq International Road Network and the Arab Mashreq International Railway. Several nations are also members of the GCC and others have tried to achieve political unity in the past, such as the United Arab Republic in the 1960s and 1970s, which originally included both Egypt and Syria.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Mashriq GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, MIDDLE EAST". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  2. Everett-Heath, John (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6. OCLC 1053905476.
  3. "About ANPGR". Arab Network of Plant Genetic Resources.
  4. "Mashreq". Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East & North Africa. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "لماذا يستثنى الأردن من التقسيم؟ الوضع الداخلي هو العنصر الحاسم*فهد الخيطان" [Why is Jordan exempted from the division? The internal situation is a critical component * Fahd strings]. rasseen.com (in Arabic). Rasseen. 2014-07-13.
  7. bank, world. "Economic interrogation in the mashriq" (PDF). siteresources.
  8. Alvarez, Lourdes María (2009). Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī. Paulist Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8091-0582-3.
  9. Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2003-12-12). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 442. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3.
  10. "European Neighbourhood Policy in the Mashreq Countries: Enhancing Prospects for Reform". Centre for European Policy Studies. 2005-09-01. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2014-01-17.
  11. Introduction to Migration and the Mashreq Archived February 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  12. "Migrants from the Maghreb and Mashreq Countries" (PDF). IOM International Organization for Migration. July 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-01-19.
  13. Everett-Heath, John (2018-09-20), "Mashriq", The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6, retrieved 2021-08-16
  14. "Mashriq | geographical region, Middle East". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  15. "Arab League | History, Purpose, Members, & Achievements". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  16. Gall, Michel Le; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1.
  17. Clancy-Smith, Julia (2013-11-05). North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-135-31213-8.
  18. Official estimate of the Population of Egypt Archived May 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  19. UN estimate for Lebanon
  20. Official Jordanian population clock Archived January 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  21. "National Main Statistical Indicators". State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  22. UN estimate for Syria
  23. "Iraq". The World Bank.
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