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| {{short description|Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu}} | {{short description|Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | ||
| '''Gounder''' is a title used by some kshatriya communities in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=] | title=Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties |date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> It may refer to communities such as the ], ],<ref>{{cite book|first=Kumar Suresh|last=Singh|title=People of India|volume=40,part 2|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|date=2001|page=640|isbn=9788185938882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&q=Vokkaliga+Gounder}}:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”</ref> |
'''Gounder''' is a title used by some kshatriya communities in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=] | title=Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties |date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> It may refer to communities such as the ], ],<ref>{{cite book|first=Kumar Suresh|last=Singh|title=People of India|volume=40,part 2|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|date=2001|page=640|isbn=9788185938882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&q=Vokkaliga+Gounder}}:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Geoffrey |last=Burkhart |title=Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OREVAAAAIAAJ&q=Gounder |journal=Contributions to Asian Studies |volume=5 |year=1974 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=9789004039674|page=8|quote=For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.}}</ref> | ||
| The title is used to represent ] community people in ] region in ].<ref>{{Citation|title=கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் {{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BzXoc7yRE|language=en|access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> | The title is used to represent ] community people in ] region in ].<ref>{{Citation|title=கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் {{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BzXoc7yRE|language=en|access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> | ||
| Gounder was originally an honorific used by the administrative head of a village. Typically, such a head owned land and held political and social sway in the village. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/Gowda_(surname)</ref> | |||
| The title represents ]s<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Shish Ram|date=2002|title=Protective Discrimination, Other Backward Classes in India|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Protective_Discrimination/T3PaAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=vanniyakula%20kshathriya%20gounder|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=Raj Publications|page=407|isbn=9788186208236}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=வன்னியர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும்{{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Vanniyar : Aru Annal Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSbfw3gWemk|language=ta|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> in the Northern region of ] in districts of Vellore, Tirupattur, Ranipet, Viluppuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, and Dharmapuri.{{cn|date=February 2022}} In the districts of Namakkal, and the Western ], the communities of ], ] and ] share this title.{{cn|date=February 2022}} | |||
| ==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Before 15 the century, they were warriors and territorial kings. |
Before 15 the century, they were warriors and territorial kings. After the Vijayanagara empire, Gounders are mostly turned into administrators, chieftains, and polygars. Present days, they're landlords who hold major lands and industrialists in textile, Garments, Automobile, IT and Agriculture. During the ] era, some Gounders migrated to ] rubber plantations as ] to manage the coolies.<ref>{{cite book |first=Raj Sekhar |last=Basu |title=Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NeGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0679-1 |page=137}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 04:33, 31 May 2022
Title used by certain communities in Tamil NaduGounder is a title used by some kshatriya communities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It may refer to communities such as the Kongu Vellalar, Vokkaliga, and Uralis.
The title is used to represent Kongu Vellalar community people in Kongu Nadu region in Tamil Nadu.
Gounder was originally an honorific used by the administrative head of a village. Typically, such a head owned land and held political and social sway in the village.
Etymology
There are number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the Tamil word Kaamindan, meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as Kavundan or Gounder.
According to S. N. Sadasivan the Tamil Kavundans or Goundans branched off from the Vokkaligas and both might have a common origin from the Kuruba.
History
Before 15 the century, they were warriors and territorial kings. After the Vijayanagara empire, Gounders are mostly turned into administrators, chieftains, and polygars. Present days, they're landlords who hold major lands and industrialists in textile, Garments, Automobile, IT and Agriculture. During the British Raj era, some Gounders migrated to Malayan rubber plantations as Kanganis to manage the coolies.
References
- "Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties". The Times of India. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
- Singh, Kumar Suresh (2001). People of India. Vol. 40, part 2. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 640. ISBN 9788185938882.:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”
- Burkhart, Geoffrey (1974). "Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting". Contributions to Asian Studies. 5. Brill Academic: 8. ISBN 9789004039674.
For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.
- கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் | Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview, retrieved 23 June 2021
- https://en.wikipedia.org/Gowda_(surname)
- Madhvan, Karthik (2 August 2008). "Steeped in history". Frontline. Chennai, India: The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- Sadasivan, S. N (2000). A social history of India. New Delhi, India: APH Pub. Corp. p. 254. ISBN 9788176481700.:”In all probability, the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched off from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.”
- Basu, Raj Sekhar (2011). Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956. SAGE. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-321-0679-1.
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