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| ] income of any other ] in the ], among those with earnings.<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal income forum, Age 25+, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_000.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal income forum, Age 25+, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref>]] | |||
| '''White Christian male''' is a sociological term used in the United States to describe the demographic that is presumed to face the least discrimination.<ref name="Society in Focus">{{cite book | last = Thompson | first = William | authorlink = | coauthors = Joseph Hickey | year = 2005 | title = Society in Focus | '''White Christian male''' is a sociological term used in the United States to describe the demographic that is presumed to face the least discrimination.<ref name="Society in Focus">{{cite book | last = Thompson | first = William | authorlink = | coauthors = Joseph Hickey | year = 2005 | title = Society in Focus | ||
| | publisher = Pearson | location = Boston, MA | id = 0-205-41365-X}}</ref> In 2005 roughly one third of the US population consisted of ] ] ].<ref name="US Census Bureau, racial breakdown, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-redoLog=false&-mt_name=ACS_2005_EST_G2000_B02001|title=US Census Bureau, racial breakdown, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, gender breakdown, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0101&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_|title=US Census Bureau, gender breakdown, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> Certain sub-demographics such as homosexual White Christian males and those of Middle Eastern ancestry as well as those Latino descent still face some discrimination. The term may be made more precise as '''European-American heterosexual Christian males''' or '''Teutonic European-American heterosexual Christian male''' if persons of southern European descent with darker skin-complexion are seen as non-European-American. The term has come to largely replace the sociologically out-dated term ]. In the latter half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, discrimination against ] males and so-called "Ethnic European-Americans" ended. Furthermore the term WASP includes females which have and continue to face discrimination independent of racial or ethnic background.<ref name="Society in Focus">{{cite book | last = Thompson | first = William | authorlink = | coauthors = Joseph Hickey | year = 2005 | title = Society in Focus | | publisher = Pearson | location = Boston, MA | id = 0-205-41365-X}}</ref> In 2005 roughly one third of the US population consisted of ] ] ].<ref name="US Census Bureau, racial breakdown, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-redoLog=false&-mt_name=ACS_2005_EST_G2000_B02001|title=US Census Bureau, racial breakdown, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, gender breakdown, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0101&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_|title=US Census Bureau, gender breakdown, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> Certain sub-demographics such as homosexual White Christian males and those of Middle Eastern ancestry as well as those Latino descent still face some discrimination. The term may be made more precise as '''European-American heterosexual Christian males''' or '''Teutonic European-American heterosexual Christian male''' if persons of southern European descent with darker skin-complexion are seen as non-European-American. The term has come to largely replace the sociologically out-dated term ]. In the latter half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, discrimination against ] males and so-called "Ethnic European-Americans" ended. Furthermore the term WASP includes females which have and continue to face discrimination independent of racial or ethnic background.<ref name="Society in Focus">{{cite book | last = Thompson | first = William | authorlink = | coauthors = Joseph Hickey | year = 2005 | title = Society in Focus | ||
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| *The ] for Asian American males, age 25+ with earnings was almost the exact same at $42,359 in 2005.<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_134.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> | *The ] for Asian American males, age 25+ with earnings was almost the exact same at $42,359 in 2005.<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_134.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> | ||
| *Overall White males earned 28% more than the average American and 46% more than non-Hispanic White females.<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal Income of non-Hispanic White Males, Age 25+, 2005">{{cite web|url==http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_130.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal Income of non-Hispanic White Males, Age 25+, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal Income distribution for non-Hispanic White females, Age 25+, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_256.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal Income distribution for non-Hispanic White females, Age 25+, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> | *Overall White males earned 28% more than the average American and 46% more than non-Hispanic White females.<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal Income of non-Hispanic White Males, Age 25+, 2005">{{cite web|url==http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_130.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal Income of non-Hispanic White Males, Age 25+, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal Income distribution for non-Hispanic White females, Age 25+, 2005">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_256.htm|title=US Census Bureau, Personal Income distribution for non-Hispanic White females, Age 25+, 2005|accessdate=2007-01-20}}</ref> | ||
| ==Violence, alcoholism and agression== | |||
| <!--It has been suggested that white males may tend aggressive. One given example is the abundance in white males involved in ]. Another example is the fact that while women are more likely to attempt suicide than men, they chose methods such as overdosing with drugs or cutting their wrists. Men, on the other hand, tend to choose the more violent gunshot or knife to the chest {{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Males are less likely to attempt suicide than women but are more successful in their attempts.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} ''(More information needed regarding race, etc.)'' --> | |||
| Author and activist ] observes, the white male has such popular role models as ] to look to for a guiding "Tough Guy" ideal. <ref name="Tough Guise: violence, Media, and the Crisis in Masculinity">{{cite web|url=http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:mE8KnkvY1zcJ:www.mediaed.org/handouts/pdfs/TG-FULL.pdf+%22jackson+katz%22+%22john+wayne%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us&client=firefox-a|title=Tough Guise: violence, Media, and the Crisis in Masculinity|accessdate=2007-02-23}}</ref> | |||
| David Savran writes that events like the ] may be expressions of white male agression: | |||
| <blockquote>Assorted conspiracy theorists, antitax protesters, and apocalyptic millennialists hole up in Idaho, Montana, or Texas awaiting either the end of the world or the FBI. And although these different phenomena are not routinely considered by the press to be symptoms of the white male backlash, I believe they all represent an attempt on the part of white men to recoup the losses they have allegedly suffered at the hands of those women and persons of color who, in fact, have had to pay for the economic and social prosperity that white men have historically enjoyed. <ref>Taking It like a Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture Book by David Savran; Princeton University Press, 1998</ref></blockquote> | |||
| In their study ''Insult, Aggression, and the Southern Culture of Honor: An “Experimental Ethnography”'' Dov Cohen and ] found that Southern white males (who are often more religious) follow norms characteristic of a “culture of honor.” This results in higher aggression compared to white northerners. In 3 experiments, they were insulted by a man who bumped into the participant and called him an “asshole.” Compared with northerners—who were relatively unaffected by the insult—southerners were | |||
| * more likely to think their masculine reputation was threatened | |||
| * more upset (as shown by a rise in cortisol levels) | |||
| * more physiologically primed for aggression (as shown by a rise in testosterone levels) | |||
| * more cognitively primed for aggression | |||
| * more likely to engage in aggressive and dominant behavior. | |||
| Findings highlight the insult–aggression cycle in cultures of honor for this ethnic group. Insults diminish a man's reputation and he tries to restore his status by aggressive or violent behavior.<ref>''Insult, Aggression, and the Southern Culture of Honor: An “Experimental Ethnography”'' Dov Cohen and ] Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 1996 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.</ref> | |||
| Unusually heavy drinking by young white men has been a pattern in the US for nearly 30 years. However, in recent years this trend has decreased from 32 percent to only 16 percent of the 18-29 age group. While heavy drinking declined the number of alcohol-related problems did not. Problems such as belligerence, accidents, sense of control over drinking, work and health related problems and problems with the police, spouse and others remained at a steady level over the past decade for both whites and blacks.<ref></ref> Affluent White men report greater numbers of drinking consequences and total drinking problems than affluent Black men. The reverse is true for poor Black and White men.<ref>''Relationships between Socioeconomic Status and Drinking Problems among Black and White Men'' Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Volume 19 Issue 3 Page 623 - June 1995 </ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 11:42, 1 March 2007
White Christian male is a sociological term used in the United States to describe the demographic that is presumed to face the least discrimination. In 2005 roughly one third of the US population consisted of White Christian males. Certain sub-demographics such as homosexual White Christian males and those of Middle Eastern ancestry as well as those Latino descent still face some discrimination. The term may be made more precise as European-American heterosexual Christian males or Teutonic European-American heterosexual Christian male if persons of southern European descent with darker skin-complexion are seen as non-European-American. The term has come to largely replace the sociologically out-dated term WASP. In the latter half of the 20 century, discrimination against Catholic males and so-called "Ethnic European-Americans" ended. Furthermore the term WASP includes females which have and continue to face discrimination independent of racial or ethnic background. Such observations are based on quantitative studies and rely on macro-research. Life chances are largely the result of socio-economic status and many non-white males may enjoy greater material prosperity than some white males.
Chances at Prosperity
With the great and rising prosperity of Asian and Jewish Americans, there is considerable debate regarding how being an European-American heterosexual Christian male affects one's life chances.
"The simple fact remains that, from its inception, the American presidency has been an exclusive club. In addition to the fact that all were males of northern European origin... In addition to their gender, racial, ethnic, and religious homogeneity, presidents have come from only a few states... We're confident that it is, and that either a woman or a minority candidate will be elected to the presidency in a matter of years, not decades. It is certainly a distinct possibility for 2008" -David E. Drew and Hedley Burrell, The Christian Science Monitor, 5 January 2007.
White Christian Males continue to dominate the nation's elites. While Asian and Jewish Americans have higher educational attainment and personal as well as household income, they may still face stigmatization and find themselves having difficulty attaining high governmental offices. Jewish Americans are more overrepresented in top corporate offices. While Jewish Americans constituted only 2.5% of the US population, 7.7% of corporate board seats were held by Jewish Americans. Asian Americans had the highest income and education levels of any race, rivaling that of non-Hispanic White males. Both Asian and Jewish Americans combined only constitute 6% of the US population. Additionally those who hold high-rung elected offices such as Congressmen, Senators and the President tend to be European-American, heterosexual and Christian. There is considerable discussion of the extent to which being a White Christian male may affect one's life chances, especially in light of the socio-economic success of Asian Americans. European-American males with a heterosexual orientation continue to dominate the demographic composition of the US congress and the nation's boardrooms and may continue to face enhanced life chances.
Income
- In 2005 the median gross income for an American in the labor force with earnings and above the age of 25 was $32,140 per year.
- The median income for a European-American male (including Jewish Americans) with earnings was $40,939, the highest of any demographic.
- The median personal income for Asian American males, age 25+ with earnings was almost the exact same at $42,359 in 2005.
- Overall White males earned 28% more than the average American and 46% more than non-Hispanic White females.
See also
- Personal income in the United States
- Educational attainment in the United States
- White American
- Racism in the United States
References
- ^ Thompson, William (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson. 0-205-41365-X.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - "US Census Bureau, racial breakdown, 2005". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- "US Census Bureau, gender breakdown, 2005". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- "Will another White male be elected president in 2008?, The Chrisitian Science Monitor, 2007". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- "Mother Jones, the Changing Power Elite, 1998". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- "US Census Bureau, Household income distribution, 2005". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males". Retrieved 2007-01-20. Cite error: The named reference "US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- "US Census Bureau, Personal Income distribution, Age 25+, 2005". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Personal Income of non-Hispanic White Males, Age 25+, 2005". Retrieved 2007-01-20. Cite error: The named reference "US Census Bureau, Personal Income of non-Hispanic White Males, Age 25+, 2005" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- "US Census Bureau, Personal Income distribution for non-Hispanic White females, Age 25+, 2005". Retrieved 2007-01-20.