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Artemis 1

Artemis 1 launching from LC-39B
Names	Artemis I (official) Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1) (former)
Mission type	Uncrewed lunar orbital test flight
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	2022-156A
SATCAT no.	54257
Website	www.nasa.gov/artemis-1
Mission duration	25.5 days (planned) 790 days, 23 hours and 23 minutes (in progress)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Orion CM-002
Spacecraft type	Orion MPCV
Manufacturer	Boeing Airbus Defence and Space Lockheed Martin Northrop Grumman Aerojet Rocketdyne Redwire Space
Start of mission
Launch date	16 November 2022, 06:47:44 UTC
Rocket	Space Launch System, Block 1
Launch site	Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B
End of mission
Recovered by	USS Portland (planned)
Landing date	11 December 2022 09:42 a.m. PST
Landing site	Pacific Ocean off San Diego
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Selenocentric
Regime	Distant retrograde orbit
Period	14 days
Orion spacecraft orbiter
Artemis 1 mission patch Artemis program← Ascent Abort-2Artemis 2 →

Artemis 1, officially Artemis I, is an ongoing uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission, the first spaceflight in NASA's Artemis program, and the first flight of the agency's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the complete Orion spacecraft. Artemis 1 was successfully launched from Kennedy Space Center on 16 November 2022 at 1:47:44 am EST (6:47:44 UTC).

Formerly known as Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1), the mission was renamed following the creation of the Artemis program. The mission lifted off from Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center aboard the Space Launch System rocket. The Orion spacecraft has been launched on a mission of between 26 and 42 days, with at least 6 of those days in a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. After reaching Earth orbit and performing a trans-lunar injection (burn to the Moon), the mission will deploy ten CubeSat satellites. The Orion spacecraft will later enter a distant retrograde orbit for six days. The Orion spacecraft will then return and reenter the Earth's atmosphere, protected by its heat shield, and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. The mission will certify Orion and the Space Launch System for crewed flights beginning with Artemis 2. After the Artemis 1 mission, Artemis 2 will perform a crewed lunar flyby and Artemis 3 will perform a crewed lunar landing, five decades after the last lunar Apollo mission.

The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was stacked on 20 October 2021, marking the first time a super-heavy-lift vehicle has been stacked inside NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) since the final Saturn V in 1973. On 17 August 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for launch, after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. The first two launch attempts were cancelled, due to faulty reading on 29 August 2022, and a hydrogen leak during fueling on 3 September 2022, respectively.

Planned mission profile

Artemis 1 was launched on the Block 1 variant of the Space Launch System. The Block 1 vehicle consists of a core stage, two five-segment solid rocket boosters (SRBs), and an upper stage. The core stage uses four RS-25D engines, all of which have previously flown on Space Shuttle missions. The core and boosters together produce 39,000 kN (8,800,000 lb_f) of thrust at liftoff. The upper stage, known as the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS), is based on the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage and is powered by a single RL10B-2 engine on the Artemis 1 mission.

Once in orbit, the ICPS will fire its engine to perform a trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn, which will place the Orion spacecraft and ten CubeSats on a trajectory to the Moon. Orion will then separate from the ICPS and coast to lunar space. Following Orion separation, the ICPS Stage Adapter will deploy ten CubeSats that will conduct scientific research and perform technology demonstrations.

The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) around the Moon.

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Payloads

The Orion spacecraft is carrying three astronaut-like mannequins equipped with sensors to provide data on what crew members may experience during a trip to the Moon. The first mannequin, called "Captain Moonikin Campos" (named after Arturo Campos, a NASA engineer during the Apollo program), occupies the commander's seat inside Orion and is equipped with two radiation sensors in his Orion Crew Survival System suit, which astronauts will wear during launch, entry, and other dynamic phases of their missions. His seat also has sensors to record data on acceleration and vibration data during the mission.

Alongside Moonikin are two phantom torsos: Helga and Zohar, who will take part in the Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment (MARE), in which NASA, together with the German Aerospace Center and the Israel Space Agency, will measure the radiation exposure during the mission. Zohar is shielded with the Astrorad radiation vest and equipped with sensors to determine radiation risks. Helga does not wear a vest. The phantoms will measure the radiation exposure of body location, with both passive and active dosimeters distributed at sensitive and high stem cell-concentration tissues. The test is to provide data on radiation levels during missions to the Moon while testing the effectiveness of the vest. In addition to the three mannequins, Orion carries NASA's Snoopy and ESA's Shaun the Sheep.

Ten low-cost CubeSat missions fly as secondary payloads, mounted at Orion's stage adapter. Each are in a six-unit configuration and reside within the Stage Adapter, above the second stage. Ten CubeSats were ultimately installed on the Stage Adapter by October 2021. Two were selected through NASA's Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships, three through the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, two through the Science Mission Directorate, and three from submissions by NASA's international partners. These CubeSats are:

• ArgoMoon, designed by Argotec and coordinated by the Italian Space Agency, is designed to image the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.
• BioSentinel contains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation.
• CubeSat for Solar Particles, designed by the Southwest Research Institute, will orbit the Sun in interplanetary space and study its particles and magnetic fields.
• EQUULEUS, designed by Japan's JAXA and the University of Tokyo, will image the Earth's plasmasphere, impacts on the Moon's far side, and small trajectory maneuvers near the Moon.
• Lunar IceCube, a lunar orbiter designed by Morehead State University, will uses its infrared spectrometer to detect water and organic compounds in the lunar surface and exosphere.
• Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper, a lunar orbiter designed by Arizona State University, will search for evidence of lunar water ice inside permanently shadowed craters using its neutron detector.
• Near-Earth Asteroid Scout, designed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, is a solar sail that will flyby a near-Earth asteroid.
• OMOTENASHI, designed by JAXA, is a lunar probe attempting to land using solid rocket motors.
• LunIR, designed by Lockheed Martin, is to flyby the Moon and collect its surface thermography.
• Team Miles, designed by Fluid and Reason LLC, will demonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space.

The remaining three slots are empty, as the following three satellites were not ready in time for the Artemis 1 mission:

• Cislunar Explorers would demonstrate the viability of water electrolysis propulsion and interplanetary optical navigation to orbit the Moon. It was designed by Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
• Lunar Flashlight is a lunar orbiter that would seek exposed water ice, and map its concentration at the 1–2 km (0.62–1.24 mi) scale within the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar south pole.
• Earth Escape Explorer would demonstrate long-distance communications while in heliocentric orbit. It was designed by the University of Colorado Boulder. It was one of three CubeSat missions to miss the integration window to fly on Artemis I and will need to find an alternative ride to the Moon.

Besides these functional payloads, Artemis 1 will also carry commemorative stickers, patches, seeds and flags from contractors and space agencies around the world. A technology demonstration called Callisto, named after the mythical figure associated with Artemis, developed by Lockheed Martin in collaboration with Amazon and Cisco, is also in flight aboard Orion on Artemis 1. Callisto will use video conferencing software to transmit audio and video from mission control and use the Alexa virtual assistant to respond to the audio messages. In addition, members of the public are able to submit messages to be displayed on Callisto during the Artemis 1 mission.

Media outreach

The Artemis 1 mission patch was created by NASA designers of the SLS, Orion spacecraft and Exploration Ground Systems teams. The silver border represents the color of the Orion spacecraft; at the centre, the SLS and Orion are depicted. Three lightning towers surrounding the rocket symbolize Launch Complex 39B, from which Artemis 1 will launch. The red and blue mission trajectories encompassing the white full Moon represent Americans and people in the European Space Agency who work on Artemis 1.

The Artemis 1 flight is frequently marketed as the beginning of Artemis's "Moon to Mars" program, though there is no concrete plan for a crewed mission to Mars within NASA as of 2022. To raise public awareness, NASA made a website for the public to get a digital boarding pass of the mission. The names submitted are written into a hard drive inside the Orion spacecraft. Also aboard the capsule is a digital copy of the 14,000 entries for the Moon Pod Essay Contest hosted by Future Engineers for NASA.

See also

• List of Artemis missions

Notes

1. An Orion capsule was flown in 2014, but not the entire Orion spacecraft.

References

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External links

• Artemis 1 website at NASA.gov
• Simulation of Artemis 1 Launch and CubeSat Deployment on YouTube

v t e Artemis program
List of missions astronauts Commercial Lunar Payload Services Exploration Ground Systems Gateway Logistics Services
Missions	Uncrewed Artemis I (2022) Peregrine Mission One (2024) IM-1 (2024) Blue Ghost M1 (2024) IM-2 (2025) Crewed Artemis II (2025) Artemis III (2026) Artemis IV (2028) Artemis V (2030)
Agencies	NASA Australian Space Agency Canadian Space Agency European Space Agency Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency State Space Agency of Ukraine Korea Aerospace Research Institute New Zealand Space Agency Brazilian Space Agency Saudi Space Commission
Facilities	Cape Canaveral Space Force Station SLC-37B SLC-40 SLC-41 SLC-46 Kennedy Space Center LC-39A LC-39B Mission Control Center SpaceX Starbase Vandenberg Space Force Base SLC-3E SLC-4E White Sands Missile Range
Rockets	Electron Falcon 9 Falcon Heavy Space Launch System Starship Vulcan Centaur Ariane 6 New Glenn
Crewed spacecraft	Human Landing System Starship Blue Moon Lunar Gateway Lunar Terrain Vehicle Orion European Service Module
Robotic spacecraft	CAPSTONE HERACLES Argonaut Nova-C Peregrine VIPER rover
Category

v t e Orion spacecraft
Components	Crew module European Service Module Orbital Maneuvering System
Programs	Artemis Constellation Exploration Ground Systems
Launch vehicles	Delta IV Heavy Orion Abort Test Booster Space Launch System
Precursors or Cancelled	Crew Exploration Vehicle Ares V Ares I
Missions	Abort tests MLAS (Jul 2009) Pad Abort-1 (May 2010) Ascent Abort-2 (Jul 2019) Uncrewed Ares I-X (Oct 2009) Exploration Flight Test-1 (Dec 2014) Artemis I (Nov 2022) Crewed Artemis II (2025) Artemis III (2026) Artemis IV (2028) Artemis V (2030)
Future missions indicated in italics. Category

• Spaceflight

• Current events from November 2022
• 2025 in spaceflight
• 2022 in spaceflight
• 2022 in the United States
• Artemis program
• Orion (spacecraft)
• Space Launch System
• Missions to the Moon