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{{Short description|Place in Egypt given to the Hebrews by the pharaoh of Joseph}}
{{coord|30|52|20|N|31|28|39|E|region:UA|display=title}}
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The '''land of Goshen''' ({{lang-he|אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן}}, ] ''ʾEreẓ Gōšen'', ] ''ʾEreṣ Gōšen'') is named in the ] as the place in ] given to the ] by ] of ] (], {{Bibleverse||Genesis|45:9-10|ESV}}), and the land from which they later left Egypt at the time of the ]. It is believed to have been located in the eastern ], ]; perhaps at or near ], the seat of power of the ] kings.


{{R from merge}}
==Meaning of the name==
If the ] reading "Gesem" is correct, the word, which in its Hebrew form has no known meaning, may mean "cultivated"—comparing the Arabic root ''j-š-m'', "to labor". {{cn|date=June 2022}} ] have suggested a connection with the Egyptian word ''qis'', meaning "inundated land". {{cn|date=June 2022}} Because Goshen was apparently the same region, called by the Greeks the "Arabian nome," which had its capital at Phakousa. The name represented the Egyptian Pa-qas (Brugsch, Geog., I, 298), the name of a town, with the determinative for "pouring forth".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bibler.org/glossary/goshen.html |title=www.Bibler.org - Dictionary - Goshen |date=2012-10-08}}</ref> ], while not disputing the location of Goshen, gives a different origin for the name, deriving it from "Gasmu," the rulers of the ] ]s who occupied the eastern Delta from the 7th century BCE, but ] thinks this unlikely.<ref>Donald Redford, "Perspective on the Exodus", pp.139-140, quoted in John Van Seters, "The Geography of the Exodus," in Silberman, Neil Ash (editor), ''The Land That I Will Show You: Essays in History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honor of J. Maxwell Miller'' (Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) fn.37, p.269</ref>

==Goshen in Egypt==
{{Egyptian Location|Location=Goshen|Left=113|Top=32}}
According to the ''Joseph narrative'' in the ], the sons of ] who were living in ], experienced a severe ] that lasted for seven years. Word was that Egypt was the only kingdom able to supply food, and thus the sons of Jacob (Israel) journeyed there to buy goods. In the second year of famine,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|45:11|HE}}</ref> the ], Joseph,<ref>Joseph may also have been ] with the ] as indicated by {{Bibleverse||Genesis|44:18|HE}} - Josephus. ''The Antiquities of the Jews'', Book II, 7.1.168</ref> invited the sons of Israel to live in Egyptian territory. They settled in the country of Goshen.<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|46:34,47:27|HE}}</ref> Goshen is described as the best land in Egypt, suitable for both ]s and ]. It has been suggested that this location may have been somewhat apart from Egypt, because {{bibleverse||Genesis|46:34|HE}} states, "Ye may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every ] is an abomination unto the Egyptians." After the death of Joseph and those of his generation, the following generations of ] had become populous in number. The Egyptians feared potential integration or takeover, so they enslaved the Israelites.

Four hundred thirty years later, to the day,<ref>{{Bibleverse|Exodus|12:40|HE}}</ref> ] led the Israelites out of Egypt, from Goshen (]) to ],<ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|33:5|HE}}</ref> the first waypoint of ]. They pitched at 41 locations after initially crossing the ] to the east, and then also crossing the ], to the last ] being the "]".<ref>{{bibleverse||numbers|22:1,33:48-50|HE}}</ref>

==Identification==
{{Location map+|Egypt|width=200|caption=Locations of ], ] and On (]) in northern Egypt|places=
{{Location map~|Egypt|
lat_dir=N|lat_deg=30|lat_min=47|lat_sec=00|
lon_dir=E|lon_deg=31|lon_min=50|lon_sec=00|label=Pithom|position=right}}
{{Location map~|Egypt|
lat_dir=N|lat_deg=30|lat_min=33|lat_sec=07|
lon_dir=E|lon_deg=32|lon_min=05|lon_sec=55|label=Raamses|position=top}}
{{Location map~|Egypt|
lat_dir=N|lat_deg=30|lat_min=07|lat_sec=46|
lon_dir=E|lon_deg=31|lon_min=17|lon_sec=20|label=On|position=bottom}}}}
In 1885, ] identified Goshen as the 20th ] of Egypt, located in the eastern Delta, and known as "Gesem" or "Kesem" during the ] (672–525 BCE). It covered the western end of the ], the eastern end being the district of Succoth, which had ] as its main town, extended north as far as the ruins of ] (the "land of Rameses"), and included both crop land and grazing land.<ref>John Van Seters, "The Geography of the Exodus," in Silberman, Neil Ash (editor), ''The Land That I Will Show You: Essays in History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honor of J. Maxwell Miller'' (Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) pp. 267–269, {{ISBN|978-1850756507}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite EB1911 |last=Macalister |first=R. A. Stewart |authorlink=R. A. Stewart Macalister |wstitle=Goshen (Egypt)|display=Goshen, a division of Egypt settled by the Israelites between Jacob’s immigration and the Exodus |short=x}}

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