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| A '''FR''', or '''front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' is an ] with an ] and ], connected via a ]. This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|title=Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car|publisher=www.sae.org|access-date=2008-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207074723/http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
A '''FR''', or '''front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' is an ] with an ] and ], connected via a ]. This arrangement, with the engine straddling the front axle, was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|title=Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car|publisher=www.sae.org|access-date=2008-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207074723/http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>It is also used in ] ] and ]. | ||
| The FR layout was largely displaced in the late 20th century by the ] (FF) and ] (AWD) layouts. | |||
| ==Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout== | ==Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout== | ||
| {{anchor|FMR layout}} | {{anchor|FMR layout}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| A '''front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FMR)''' places the engine in the front of the vehicle but ''behind'' the front axle, which drives the rear wheels via a driveshaft. Shifting the engine's ] rearward aids in ] and reduces the ], improving the vehicle's ]. The mechanical layout of an FMR is substantially the same as an FR car. The classification of some models of the same vehicle may vary as either FR or FMR depending on the length of the engine (e.g. 4-cylinder vs. 6-cylinder) and its center of mass in relation to the front axle.{{cn}} | |||
| ===Characteristics=== | ===Characteristics=== | ||
Revision as of 17:40, 24 January 2023
Automobile layout | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) |
A FR, or front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is an automotive design with an engine in front and rear-wheel-drive, connected via a drive shaft. This arrangement, with the engine straddling the front axle, was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century.It is also used in high-floor buses and school buses.
The FR layout was largely displaced in the late 20th century by the front-engine, front-wheel-drive (FF) and all-wheel drive (AWD) layouts.
Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
A front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FMR) places the engine in the front of the vehicle but behind the front axle, which drives the rear wheels via a driveshaft. Shifting the engine's center of mass rearward aids in weight distribution and reduces the moment of inertia, improving the vehicle's handling. The mechanical layout of an FMR is substantially the same as an FR car. The classification of some models of the same vehicle may vary as either FR or FMR depending on the length of the engine (e.g. 4-cylinder vs. 6-cylinder) and its center of mass in relation to the front axle.
Characteristics
- FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. Grand tourers often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine would not leave much space for the rear seats.
- FMR should also not be confused with a "front midships" location of the engine, referring to the engine being located fully behind the front axle centerline, in which case a car meeting the above FMR center of mass definition could be classified as a FR layout instead. The V35 Nissan Skyline / Infiniti G35 / Nissan 350Z are FR cars.
- FMR layout came standard in most pre–World War II, front-engine / rear-wheel-drive cars.
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All Chevrolet Corvette from the second generation (model year 1963) through the seventh generation (model year 2019) are FMR layouts as seen in the engine bay of the Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1.
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The Honda S2000 engine sits clearly behind the top of the shock towers.
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The Morgan +4 and 4/4 are classic "front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layouts".
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The engine bay of the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren.
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The 4.2-litre V8 in the Maserati Quattroporte V has FMR layout.
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Dodge Viper showing its 8.4l V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle
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See also
References
- "Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car". www.sae.org. Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2008-01-11.